Rainy Lake Research Articles

Birch-bark Scrolls in Archaeological Contexts

AbstractTwo instances of birch-bark “scrolls” in archaeological contexts are reported from the Head-of-the-Lakes region of Ontario. One site in Rainy Lake yielded numerous examples; another in Quetico Park produced several other specimens. Archaeologists should be aware of the possibility of making such finds in the paper-birch area.

The Webster-Ashburton Treaty and the Minnesota Iron Ranges

IN fixing that segment of the international boundary which extends westward from Lake Superior to Rainy Lake, the Webster-Ashburton Treaty resolved a dispute over a tract of land that contained valuable deposits of iron and that lay near other significant deposits. Were the Minnesota iron ranges to Daniel Webster or Lord Ashburton? One scholar has asserted that in 1842 the Mesabi Range was known to be rich in iron ore and has implied that while Ashburton shared this knowledge he falsely professed to believe the area of little value and consciously surrendered the British claim.' To support these statements only President John Tyler's message accompanying the treaty to the Senate is offered as evidence. Tyler, however, said no more than that the land to which the United States gained clear title was considered valuable as a mineral region.2 He cited no authority and did not specify iron. No evidence has been found to support the assertion that any of the Minnesota iron deposits were in 1842; abundant testimony contradicts it. Neither the Mesabi nor any other range, inside or outside the disputed area, was for many years after that date. The object of this note is to identify the dates of discovery and to indicate the geographical relationship of the iron deposits to the boundaries established by the treaty of 1842. The area substantially in dispute composed a triangle of which the base is the shore of Lake Superior from its western tip northeastward one hundred fifty miles to the mouth of the Pigeon River. The northern leg of the

Arthur Philemon Coleman, 1852 - 1939

Arthur Philemon Coleman, the son of Francis Coleman, a Methodist minister, was born at La Chute, Quebec, in 1852, and graduated from Victoria University, Cobourg, Ontario, in 1876. After teaching for three years in the Cobourg Collegiate Institute he entered the University of Breslau, where he took his doctor’s degree in 1881 for a thesis on the geology of an area in Silesia. Returning to Canada he became Professor of Natural History and Geology at the Victoria University until it was affiliated with the University of Toronto in which he was appointed Professor of Metallurgy and Assaying. While thus engaged he wrote many reports for the newly constituted Ontario Bureau of Mines, and in 1894 was formally nominated as its Geologist and Mineralogist. In 1901 he was transferred to the Chair of Geology at Toronto and served the University in that capacity till his retirement in 1922. Coleman’s first researches in Canada were naturally on microscopic petrology, a subject then much in vogue in Germany. He combined this study with field and laboratory work not only in his papers on Anorthosite and those on Nepheline and other Syenites, but in his work on the gold-bearing rocks of the Rainy Lake Region, and on other occurrences of such ores as iron, copper, cobalt, and silver, in Northern Ontario, which he carried out for the Bureau of Mines.

Seine-Coutchiching Problem

Research Article| April 30, 1934 Seine-Coutchiching Problem PHILLIP L. MERRITT PHILLIP L. MERRITT Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar Author and Article Information PHILLIP L. MERRITT Publisher: Geological Society of America Received: 25 May 1933 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Online Issn: 1943-2674 Print Issn: 0016-7606 © 1934 Geological Society of America GSA Bulletin (1934) 45 (2): 333–374. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-45-333 Article history Received: 25 May 1933 First Online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation PHILLIP L. MERRITT; Seine-Coutchiching Problem. GSA Bulletin 1934;; 45 (2): 333–374. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-45-333 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract INTRODUCTIONA series of pre-Cambrian metamorphosed sedimentary rocks extends from Rainy Lake, in western Ontario, eastward about 150 miles to the vicinity of Lac des Mille Lacs. The age of this series has been in dispute since the time of the early descriptions by Lawson (1887) and McInnes (1897). During the last decade the contributions of Grout, Bruce, Tanton, Hawley, and Gill have thrown new light on this perplexing problem, although the added facts and interpretations regarding the stratigraphic position of the sedimentary series often appear incongruous.The sediments have been termed Seine and Coutchiching in age, depending upon whether they were believed to be stratigraphically above or below the Keewatin lavas. Inasmuch as the Keewatin is considered by most students of pre-Cambrian geology to represent the base of the pre-Cambrian column in the Lake Superior region, the determination of the stratigraphic position of the sedimentary and the volcanic series . . . This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

"Seine" or "Coutchiching"?

In the vicinity of Sapawe and Steep Rock lakes, Rainy River district, Ontario, is a large series of schistose pre-Cambrian sediments bordered on the north by basic vol-canics (Keewatin), and on the south by intrusive granite. They strike west to Rainy Lake and to the east gradually finger out into the granite. Geologists have assigned the sediments a stratigraphic position both below the Keewatin, as "Coutchiching," and above the Keewatin, as "Seine." This paper deals with the structure of the sediments along the Keewatin contact in the area first mentioned. Evidence, based on minor structures in the sediments and the major structures of the area, is presented to show that the contact has suffered faulting of the shear type, and that the apparent dip of the sediments under the Keewatin is not definite proof of their age. The larger structures, involving faults and discordant folding of the disputed sediments and the Steep Rock Lake sediments near by, are interpreted as due to one period of diastrophism related to the intrusion of "Algoman" granites. The data given favor a Seine age for the sediments, but since areal mapping is incomplete, the question is left open.

Stratigraphy of the Northern Subprovince of the Lake Superior Region

Introduction The work of the Geological Survey of Canada during the past ten years, in the region north of Lake Superior extending westerly from Timiskaming subprovince to Rainy Lake, has shown that the stratigraphic succession for this subprovince may be expressed as follows : Table of formations Basement Complex Throughout the subprovince there are extensively developed batholithic intrusives. These are the youngest rocks of the Basement complex which have been recognized. The granites which make up a part of the assemblage mapped as Batholithic intrusives are massive, except in the vicinity of local faults, and there is no evidence that they have been affected by regional pressure since they solidified. Around the granites there . . .

The network op precise triangulation and leveling of North America with special reference to use in topographic mapping

I wish to present briefly a progress report on the present status of our national horizontal surveys, using for purposes of illustration a lantern slide which represents the first order control established by the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey and other organizations.It is expected that by next autumn the Coast and Geodetic Survey will have completed two large projects upon which it has been engaged for a number of years. This diagram shows the system of first order triangulation and traverse as we expect it to be at the end of the coming field season. The first large project, a co‐operative one between the Coast and Geodetic Survey and the Geodetic Survey of Canada, is the execution of a belt of first order control spanning the international boundary and extending from Lake Superior to the Pacific Ocean. The Geodetic Survey of Canada is executing the section from the 109th meridian to the Lake of the Woods, and the Coast and Geodetic Survey the remainder. This first order control is connected at frequent intervals with the third order triangulation of the International Boundary so that the boundary surveys will be strongly tied in to the basic surveys of the two countries. It has taken four years to complete this project, because of the very difficult conditions of the terrain. The western end crosses very rugged country where transportation of the field parties is by pack train only. Along part of the northern Minnesota boundary the transportation was by canoes and back‐packing, while on the section along Rainy Lake and Lake Namakan, first order traverse was run over the ice in mid‐winter, with an average temperature while taping of −5° F.

The Pre-Cambrian of Western Patricia

The purpose of this paper is briefly to summarize the results of two seasons' field work in western Patricia. Patricia lies in the extreme northwestern part of the province of Ontario, north of the Winnipeg, English, and Albany rivers, and their expansions, Lac Seul and Lake St. Joseph. The areas studied by the writer lie in the southwestern part of the district, and in a sense intervene between the classic areas studied by Lawson and others around the Lake of the Woods and Rainy Lake and a number of areas in the province of Manitoba, more recently studied by Bruce, Alcock, Moore, and others. Reconnaisance work had already been done in the Lac Seul region and northward along the Trout Lake, Wennasaga, Cat Lake, and other rivers by Dowling, A. W. G. Wilson, Camsell, and others, and the work of E. S. Moore in the region southeast of Lake Winnipeg had extended in a few places across the boundary of Manitoba into Patricia. The writer's work was done under the direction of the Department of Mines of Ontario in the Lac Seul region in 1919 and along the Ontario-Manitoba boundary from the Winnipeg River northward in 1921. No great originality or finality is claimed for the results as the work in both cases was confined to narrow strips of country immediately adjacent to the survey-lines or rivers which were traversed, and was not of such a nature as to allow of much areal mapping, which would afford a more complete knowledge of the relationships of the various formations than is possible by reconnaisance methods. There has not been time for microscopic study of the rocks in the boundary region, but their general character is evident and in most cases they have been determined already with accuracy by Moore, so that data are now available for at least a tentative

The Oldest known Rocks of the Earth's Crust

MAY I welcome Prof. A. P. Coleman's letter on “Geology and the Nebular Theory” in NATURE for June 17, p. 775? It must be admitted that the achievement of A. C. Lawson at Rainy Lake in 1887, the elucidation by Sederholm of the floor of Finland, and the illuminating work of Canadian geologists, including Coleman, Adams, and Barlow, on the Grenville Series, have been slow in penetrating academic circles in the British Isles. The doorways were almost closed against them, and against the views of French geologists also, by the dead-weight of theories of dynamic metamorphism. Yet our confidence in a fundamental “Lewisian” gneiss was well shaken thirty years ago by Sir A. Geikie's announcement that this rock penetrated a sedimentary series (see A. Geikie, “Text-book of Geology,” 4th ed., vol. 2, p. 890); and a more detailed acquaintance with the ground would have led the same observer to withdraw his statement (ibid., p. 895) as to a “violent unconformability” between gneisses and Dabradian sediments in north-west Ireland. Some of us have lost no opportunity of comparing the conditions in our homeland, with those of broader Archaean areas. But even in our narrow lands, as I have ventured to urge from 1900 onwards, the teaching of the rocks themselves is unmistakable. The oldest known rocks are sediments, and the streaky structure of our ancient gneisses again and again records the stratification of ordinary sediments invaded by a granite magma.

Pre-Cambrian rocks of Manitoba

Research Article| June 01, 1921 Pre-Cambrian rocks of Manitoba F. J. ALCOCK; F. J. ALCOCK Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar E. L. BRUCE E. L. BRUCE Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1921) 32 (2): 267–292. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-32-267 Article history received: 19 Mar 1921 first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation F. J. ALCOCK, E. L. BRUCE; Pre-Cambrian rocks of Manitoba. GSA Bulletin 1921;; 32 (2): 267–292. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-32-267 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract IntroductionThe consolidated rocks of three-quarters of the Province of Manitoba are of pre-Cambrian age. Our geological knowledge of these rocks has been derived from two types of exploration, namely, track surveys with geological notes, performed by Bell, Cochrane, Tyrrell, Dowling, and McInnes, and more detailed geological surveys made during recent years in the areas where active prospecting for minerals has been carried on. It is the object of the present paper to correlate as far as possible the more recent information which has been obtained. No attempt is made to apply the nomenclature adopted for the pre-Cambrian succession of any of the geological subprovinces along the southern border of the Canadian shield, and the only comparison offered is with the succession found in the Rainy Lake area of Ontario—a region which is geographically the nearest and geologically the most similar of any area outside the Province of Manitoba where . . . This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.

The Mine Centre Mining District, Ontario, and Adjacent Territory in the United States

Recently the writer visited the Mine Centre district and was much impressed by what he found there. In the old days the country was so wooded that prospecting was a very difficult proposition, but now, that the fire of some years ago stripped the country of all vegetation, every ledge and vein is visible and the prospector will have no difficulty in finding good ore outcrops, if such are in the region, as facts demonstrated they are. The region is a gold country, as is well known. The ore seems to be found in ledges and veins of quarts protruding up through the Kewatin series. A small vein just west of the depot at Mine Centre, a vein not thicker than my hand, showed free gold, and almost any vein in that region, however thin, carries some gold. This was a great mining center in the latter part of last century. But in that time it was terribly handicapped on account of the inaccessibility of the region. There was no railroad then and all supplies had to be hauled 100 miles through an almost trackless wilderness in winter. In addition, those who opened the mines expected to find high-grade ores in quantity. The Canadian Northern Railroad having been built through the region and the improved methods by which low-grade ores can be handled at a profit now make mining in the district profitable. Mining under experienced and economical management will pay in this district. Even with the railroad running through the region, the mines are yet much handicapped, as roads are not built to the mines, or if built need to be much improved. The Foley mine is putting in a telephone line to Mine Centre and to offset its poor road the management contemplates putting in a large gasoline boat to ply on Rainy Lake between the mine and Fort Frances, Ont. Furthermore, if the road is not made passable by the government from Mine Centre, the company will have its coal hauled by barge from Ranier to the stamp mill for fuel instead of hauling it out from Mine Centre.

The Archean Geology of Rainy Lake Re-studied. Andrew C. Lawson

Previous articleNext article FreeReviewsThe Archean Geology of Rainy Lake Re-studied. Andrew C. Lawson T. T. Q.T. T. Q. Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Geology Volume 24, Number 4May - Jun., 1916 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/622355 Views: 17Total views on this site PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

V.—The Archæan Geology Of Rainy Lake Re-studied. By Andrew C. Lawson. Canada, Department of Mines, Geological Survey Memoir 40. pp. vii + 115 and map. 1913.

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Pre-Cambrian Nomenclature

The report of the committee of American and Canadian geologists appointed by the surveys of the two countries to compare notes in the field and decide upon a suitable nomenclature for the pre-Cambrian formations of the Upper Lakes, forms an important landmark in the geology of that region. While it is evident from the report itself that the results attained represent a compromise, not perhaps altogether satisfactory to either party, in the long controversy which has been waged over the relationship of these complex and difficult formations, yet it is to be hoped that, at least in its broad lines, the proposed nomenclature will be accepted by future workers in the region, putting an end to the confusion which has reigned. The position and reputation of the members of the committee give their decisicons great weight, and doubtless their nomenclature is the best that could be framed to reconcile the two points of view. Accepting it as such it may still not be amiss to discuss certain features of the report, as they appear to one who has worked over much of the region on the Canadian side. The brief summing up of the results of their field-work in the various districts visited is of use as showing the ground covered by the committee, and the materials which they brought to bear on the solution of the problems of the pre-Cambrian; and in general their conclusions seem quite justified, in spite of the short time which could be devoted to any one place. Several members of the committee had of course previously done a large amount of work in the critical localities and were thoroughly familiar with the field relationships. It is to be regretted, however, that so few of the characteristic sections of the Rainy Lake region were visited, and that the important Michipicoten district was not visited at all. In the latter case Professors Van Hise

Report of the Special Committee for the Lake Superior Region

Next article FreeReport of the Special Committee for the Lake Superior RegionC. Willard Hayes, Robert Bell, Frank D. Adams, Charles R. Van Hise, A. C. Lane, C. K. Leith, and W. G. MillerC. Willard Hayes Search for more articles by this author , Robert Bell Search for more articles by this author , Frank D. Adams Search for more articles by this author , Charles R. Van Hise Search for more articles by this author , A. C. Lane Search for more articles by this author , C. K. Leith Search for more articles by this author , and W. G. Miller Search for more articles by this author PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by The Journal of Geology Volume 13, Number 2Feb. - Mar., 1905 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/621211 Views: 105Total views on this site Citations: 4Citations are reported from Crossref PDF download Crossref reports the following articles citing this article: William E. Eagan The Debate over the Canadian Shield, 1880-1905, Isis 80, no.22 (Oct 2015): 232–253.https://doi.org/10.1086/355010John Wood Epiclastic sedimentation and stratigraphy in the North Spirit Lake and Rainy Lake areas: A comparison, Precambrian Research 12, no.1-41-4 (Sep 1980): 227–255.https://doi.org/10.1016/0301-9268(80)90030-3P. K. Sims, J. L. Anderson, R. L. Bauer, V. W. Chandler, G. N. Hanson, J. Kalliokoski, G. B. Morey, M. G. Mudrey, R. W. Ojakangas, Z. E. Peterman, K. J. Schulz, S. B. Shirey, E. I. Smith, D. L. Southwick, W. R. Van Schmus, P. W. Weiblen The Lake Superior region and Trans-Hudson orogen, (): 11–120.https://doi.org/10.1130/DNAG-GNA-C2.11Hans Becker Die präkambrische Geschichte des Lake Superior-Gebietes, Nordamerika, Geologische Rundschau 22, no.66 (Dec 1931): 385–411.https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01810145

Clastic Huronian rocks of western Ontario

Results of Previous work in the Region The rocks of western Ontario have been more or less carefully examined by several geologists, such as Bigsby, Bell, and Dawson, but the first detailed mapping of the region was done in 1883 and succeeding years by A. C. Lawson, who laid an excellent foundation for the future study of the Lake of the Woods and Rainy Lake districts.* Since then adjoining districts have been mapped by W. H. C. Smith and W. McInness, and special portions have been studied by H. L. Smyth, Winchell and Grant, and the present writer. The general conclusions reached by Lawson have been commonly accepted by those who have followed and will be made use of largely in the present paper, though most of the facts employed have been observed by the writer while engaged in field work for the Ontario Bureau of Mines. Classification of the . . .

The Anorthosites of the Rainy Lake Region

The Anorthosites of the Rainy Lake Region

I.—Report on the Geology of the Rainy Lake Region. By Andrew C. Lawson, M.A., Ph.D. Annual Report of the Geological and Natural History Survey of Canada for 1887. Part F.

I.—Report on the Geology of the Rainy Lake Region. By Andrew C. Lawson, M.A., Ph.D. Annual Report of the Geological and Natural History Survey of Canada for 1887. Part F.

Geology of the Rainy Lake region, with remarks on the classification of the crystalline rocks west of Lake Superior; preliminary note

Geology of the Rainy Lake region, with remarks on the classification of the crystalline rocks west of Lake Superior; preliminary note

On the Geology of Rainy Lake, South Hudson Bay

G eographical Position , &c.—Rainy Lake, or Lake Lapluie, is placed on the great commercial route from Canada to Prince Rupert's Land and the north-west fur countries. It is 225 miles west of Lake Superior, and 85 miles south-east of the Lake of the Woods, from the head of Rainy River; but at Nahcatchewonan River it is only 37 miles distant from that lake. This lake, 50 miles long by 38½ miles broad, is 294 miles round by canoe-route. Its form, like that of most bodies of water resting on plutonic rocks, is extremely irregular, being in three great troughs (with deep lateral indents), one of these running easterly, and the other two in a northerly direction. See Map, Plate X. The immediate shores are usually low, rarely cliffs or earthy banks; but they rise in shapeless masses of rock, often naked, with broad marshy intervals; or in ridges, which become hills 300-500 feet high at distances from the lake varying from half a mile to four miles. The low grounds are well covered with small trees, such as are common in these regions, and the higher abound in Vaccinecæ and other useful fruit-bearing bushes. Rainy Lake is 1160 feet above the level of the sea, according to Capt. Lefroy. Its water is pure and clear, bul seldom deep, and the spring-freshets rise to the height of from 3 to 5 feet. Its magnetic variation is 10°-12° E. We counted 515 islands; but there are more. There are mostly small and marsy