Rainwater Harvesting Research Articles

An Analysis of Factors That Influence the Success of Flood Risk Management in Selected River Basins (FMSRB) Program in Banten Province and Maluku Province

FMSRB Program, under CPIU Directorate General of Regional Development Ministry of Home Affairs has successfully built 2,907 units of infrastructure, consisting of: (1) 152 units of retaining walls; (2) 24 units of reservoirs; (3) 265 units of drainages; (4) 56 units of rainfall harvesting system; (5) 46 units of retention wells; (6) 2,351 units of biopori; and (7) 13 units evacuation routes. The construction of infrastructure is in collaboration with the establishment of 4 KMSB forums in the regency, 140 KMSBs, and 140 waste banks in the community level. The success of program is primarily determined by 4 factors, including the success in the human resources management, collaboration among stakeholders, collaboration of structural and non-structural approaches, as well as the partnership development. Quantitatively, it is discovered that 55.70% of impact value indicates a very significant influence on flood control, whereas 36.80% states influential. For the construction of reservoir 57.50% of respondents state that it is high influence, whereas 33% state influential. In terms of rainfall harvesting system, 54.70% of respondents state highly influential, while 31.10% state influential. In Biopori, 60.40% of respondents state highly influential, whereas only 28.30% state influential. For retention well, 52.80% of respondents state very influential and only 38.70% states influential. In the meantime, the status of constructed infrastructure assets indicates that 65.10% are very good and 17.90% are good. Furthermore, the human resources management contributes β 0.141 with the influence of p-0,038 to the sustainability empowerment mediation. Collaboration among stakeholder is very good (59.40%) and good (25.50%). About gender and empowerment-based collaboration model, 65% of respondents fully agree and confirm, whereas only 35% agree. Meanwhile, collaboration among stakeholders is very helpful according to 65% of respondents and only 35% state helpful. As for structural and non-structural approaches collaboration, 82% of respondents state very helpful, and only 18% state helpful. For partnership, 59% of respondents fully agree with the partnership developed by FMSRB Program that uses the collaboration principle, and 41% agree. For sustainable program, advanced facilitation from the stakeholders to KMSB Forum, KMSB and Waste Bank is necessary. They will oversee utilization, maintenance, and development of the infrastructure for controlling flood.

Moringa-based homestead to achieve Sustainable Development Goals: A case study from Jaintiapur of Sylhet, Bangladesh

A study was conducted in Sylhet at Jaintiapur Upazila to determine the prospects of Moringa-based homestead concerning Sustainable Development Goals. A household survey was conducted following a simple random sampling of 135 farmers and following a semi-structured questionnaire and interview schedule with 100 farmers (40 identified Moringa-based adopters and 60 non-adopters). The final questionnaire was prepared after pilot testing, which contained data on common species diversity, and the perception of farmers regarding SDGs indicators of “no poverty, zero hunger, good health, and well-being, gender equality, affordable and clean energy, decent work and economic growth”. The extent of agreement was recorded following the points Likert scale high (3) to no change (0), and the SDG index (SDGI) value was calculated. The 10 key informant interviews were conducted with non-adopters to get insights into their perception regarding Moringa-based homesteads. The findings revealed that the status of plant species diversity such as betel nut (100 %), mango (100 %), bean (99 %), and arjun (90 %) was higher in comparison to non-adopters where the status of the respective species was 92 %, 99 %, 89 %, and 73 % respectively. The perception assessment revealed that 100 % of adopters and 90 % of non-adopters believed that Moringa-based homesteads had the potential to increase access to food, nutrition, and medicinal resources. While the majority of 70 % of adopters, and 90.5 % non-adopters disagreed that it had the potential to ensure government access and non-government credit resources. Among the Moringa-based homestead adopters, the gross income derived from Moringa sales was 2828.57 ± 1481.45, where 55 % of homesteads were identified to have Moringa plants between 3 and 5, and homesteads solely supplied fuel materials for 40 % of households. Gender participation was quite evident for homestead farming activities, where female participation was higher in planting, weeding, irrigation, and fencing. Homesteads provided both on-farming and off-farming income opportunities where major responses were found for poultry farming (96 %), vegetable farming (95 %), and day labor (97 %). Farmers were found to practice climate-smart practices of homestead agroforestry (100 %), rainwater harvesting (99 %), weeding (98 %), and management of debris (95 %) in their respective homesteads. The results disclosed that Moringa-based homestead in Sylhet can be a potential option for attaining SDGs indicators of escalation of household income (SDGI = 90), access to food, nutrition, and medicinal resources (SDGI = 103.6), facilitation of natural treatment of diseases (SDGI = 104.6), de-escalation of gender discrepancy in terms of production activities (SDGI = 103.64), own source of fuel (SDGI = 58.44), both off-farm and on-farm income opportunity (SDGI = 100.52), ecosystem health maintenance by resilient practices (SDGI = 104.6). Farmers ranked food security capacity as a major motivational factor, while the low economic return was a major demotivational factor. The escalation of Moringa-based homesteads needs to be prioritized while facilitating credit, and institutional support to extend encouragement to non-adopters for wider integration of Moringa-based homesteads, and appropriate utilization of the existing resources for greater profitability.

Public health and water scarcity: the spatial distribution of quarter-disease patterns and access to clean water and safe drinking water in the water-scarce region of Makassar, Indonesia

Abstract The scarcity and insufficient or poorly regulated water and sanitation will lead individuals to become vulnerable to different preventable health risks. When people lack even a basic drinking water solution, they rely on surface water and/or wastewater that is not risk-free. Furthermore, WHO (2019) stated that at least 2 billion individuals around the globe are using drinking water sources that are infected with feces. Tallo is one of the sub-districts in Makassar that is experiencing water scarcity, forcingly encouraging the community to use the available water sources, such as dug wells and rainwater. This study aimed to describe the spatial distribution of three-month disease patterns and access to clean water and safe drinking water in Tallo. Primary data was obtained from a face-to-face survey of 98 beneficiaries of Rainwater Harvesting (RWH) Tametotto and water clay filter in Tallo, while the spatial data was obtained from the spatially analyzed data by ArcGIS 8.0. The results revealed that the distribution of three-month diseases highly presented in diarrhea (8%) spatially shown around the river area, dermatitis (5%), and typhoid (3%). In addition, the most consumed drinking water is gallon mineral water, while the highest clean water accessed was from the artesian well in the entire research area. It concluded that the spatially distributed of the quarter diseases was diarrhea in the river area of Tallo (RT 3 and RT 4), and respondents mostly consumed gallons of mineral water for drinking and used artesian wells for Water, Hygiene, and Sanitation (WASH) in the whole area. It encouraged the government sectors to provide an appropriate water supply for Tallo as one of the water-scarce regions in Makassar and deliver education to people regarding WASH and the importance of safe water to avoid the occurrence of waterborne diseases.

Economic Evaluation of Using Different Water Sources in the culture of African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus; Burchell, 1822) at Ediba-Qua, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria

The objective of this paper is to evaluate the economic use of different water sources in the culture of the African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus; Burchell 1822) at Ediba-Qua, Calabar, Cross River State, Nigeria using standard appropriate techniques. Results obtained showed that cost of feeding increased significantly at (p < 0.05) with growth rate and weight gain in fish reared in borehole water having the highest cost (₦ 21617.86 ± 31.77) and least in rainwater (₦ 13635.93 ± 48.16). Profit index was highest in C. gariepinus reared in borehole water (16.99 ± 0.70), and least in stream water (15.74 ± 0.42) indicating that borehole water is the best water source for C. gariepinus with regards to profitability. This study has shown that fish farmers and fish intending farmers who are challenged by borehole water supply for fish culture can alternatively harvest rainwater or collect stream water to rear fish that could be utilized at a subsistent level.

Interactions between volatile air pollutants and atmospheric water production – Effects of chemical properties, mechanisms, and transfer processes

Regional water scarcity is among the most urgent challenges of global climate change. Atmospheric water harvesting is a promising method to mitigate these challenges, and the atmospheric water generator (AWG) is already an established technology. Although this method can produce over 10,000 L of water per day, the water's quality has not been studied in depth. Air pollutants, especially volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are potential contaminants of water produced from air. We evaluated the chemical and physical parameters of different VOCs that might influence their ability to be transferred from air to AWG water. Our findings strongly suggest that the ability to form hydrogen bonds is a key factor in this transfer. Henry's law constant, polarity, and intrinsic solubility were the main predictors of a VOC's transfer to AWG water. Hence, aliphatic or aromatic compounds (such as benzene or octane) were not found at significant concentrations in AWG water (e.g. above WHO guidelines), whereas ammonia and alcohol compounds were. This should be taken into consideration when analyzing potential contaminants in harvested atmospheric water. The condensation process itself was also found to enhance the transfer of VOCs into water droplets, and higher relative humidity (%RH) also increased VOC transfer. Gas-phase infrared spectrum analysis of VOCs at different %RH revealed possible interactions between water vapor and specific VOCs in the air. However, our main conclusion from this study is that VOC transfer from the air into AWG water occurs predominantly via dissolution in the condensed droplets, and strongly depends on their chemical properties of polarity and hydrogen-bond formation.

Potential Water Collection From Air by Chloride Perovskites.

Directly capturing water from the air has become a compelling strategy to secure water resources. Yet, challenges persist with sorption-based hygroscopic materials, such as inadequate water adsorption efficiency, material degradation post-adsorption, and the need for energy input during water collection. This study introduces an alternative category of sorbent materials potentially for atmospheric water harvesting-metal chloride perovskites-that exhibit spontaneous water vapor adsorption and liquid water collection. This water uptake capability stems from the uncoordinated polar ions that form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, while the cubic lattice imparts a solid framework ensuring structural stability and inhibiting hydrolysis. The methylammonium lead chloride perovskite pellets exhibit efficient water collection performance, with a record absorption rate of 0.841 L m-2 h-1 and a total water collection of 3.675 L m-2 within a 7-h cycle. This initiative attempts to provide a new material class candidate for the potential application of passive atmospheric water harvesting.

A Comprehensive Review of Water Harvesting: Analyzing Previous Studies.

A Comprehensive Review of Water Harvesting: Analyzing Previous Studies.

Sugarcane bagasse derived composite sorbent for sorption based atmospheric water harvesting

The escalating global concern surrounding water scarcity is significantly impacting the quality of life, particularly in arid and land-locked regions. Sorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (AWH), employing a sorbent to capture atmospheric moisture, emerges as a sustainable solution to mitigate the global water crisis. However, developing efficient, eco-friendly, easily synthesised, and cost-effective sorbents poses a challenge. Herein, an efficient composite sorbent derived from waste sugarcane bagasse-based activated carbon (SBAC), impregnated with a low-cost hygroscopic CaCl2 salt, has been prepared. The composite SBAC/CaCl2 showed good performance across a wide working range between 10–90 % relative humidity, with water uptake ranging from 0.24 to 2.44 g/g. At moderate temperature and humidity (25 °C, 60 % RH), SBAC/CaCl2 exhibited a water uptake of 1.2 g/g and achieved over 80 % of its equilibrium water uptake within 90 min. Also, the sorbent showed excellent solar driven desorption with desorption efficiencies reaching over 93 % and 85 % for 1 sun and 0.5 sun illumination, respectively, within 60 min. The sorption kinetics and adsorption isotherm showed excellent fit with the linear driving force model and Dubinin Astakhov isotherm model. The practical solar-driven atmospheric water harvesting performance of the SBAC/CaCl2 composite was also successfully demonstrated using a custom-built device under outdoor conditions and the harvested water met the quality standards of drinking water. Furthermore, the prepared sorbent exhibited cyclic stability and storage reliability with no performance degradation even after repeated cycles. This work highlights the significant potential of waste biomass derived sorbents for sustainable AWH applications.

A Super-Hygroscopic Solar-Regenerated Alginate-Based Composite for Atmospheric Water Harvesting.

Global water scarcity is leading to increasingly tense competition across populations. In order to complement the largely fast-depleting fresh water sources and mitigate the challenges generated by brine discharge from desalination, atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) has emerged to support long-term water supply. This work presents a novel alginate-based hybrid material comprised of porous silico-aluminophosphate-34 (SAPO-34) as fast-transport channel medium as well as hydrophilicity and stability enhancer, and graphene-based sheets as light absorber for solar-enabled evaporation, both optimally incorporated in an alginate matrix, resulting in a composite sorbent capable of harvesting water from the atmosphere with a record intake of up to 6.85 gw gs -1. Natural sunlight is solely used to enable desorption achieving increase of the temperature of the developed network up to 60°C andresulting in release of the sorbed water, with impurities content well below the World Health Organization (WHO) upper limits. After 30 cycles of sorption and desorption, the composite hydrogel displayed unchanged water uptake and stability. This work provides an impactful perspective toward sustainable generation of water from humidity without external energy consumption supporting the emergence of alternative water production solutions.

Pilot study on liquid desiccant systems in greenhouse for water saving and climatecontrol

In regions with hot and arid climates, meeting the growing demands for irrigation and food production is crucial. Greenhouse farming offers a promising solution, significantly enhancing agricultural water efficiency by producing high-value crops with reduced freshwater consumption compared to traditional methods. However, the reliance on freshwater-dependent evaporative cooling systems in greenhouses poses a significant challenge, consuming up to 80 % of total freshwater usage. This challenge underscores the urgent need for innovative solutions to reduce freshwater use while maintaining optimal greenhouse conditions.This study proposes integrating a desiccant system with conventional evaporative cooling to improve humidity control and reduce freshwater consumption. This innovative approach enables greenhouse establishment in humid coastal areas previously deemed unsuitable, offering a sustainable alternative to traditional cooling methods. The proposed system includes liquid desiccant, desiccant pads, a chiller, and a fan, aiming to reduce or eliminate water use during nighttime cooling cycles. Additionally, the system has the potential to harvest water from ambient air, further reducing overall water consumption. Through this case study, we address the critical issue of freshwater overuse in greenhouse agriculture, presenting a solution that could revolutionize water management practices in arid and semi-arid regions.

Charge self-shuttling triboelectric nanogenerator based on wind-driven pump excitation for harvesting water wave energy

The most important ocean energy sources are wind energy and water wave energy, both of which are significant to carbon neutrality. Due to uneven distribution and random movement, the conversion efficiency from the two energies into electrical energy is limited, so the coupling of them is necessary. However, the current energy harvesting technologies generally target one certain type, or are simple mechanical coupling. Here, we propose a composite water wave energy harvesting scheme with wind excitation based on triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs). A rotation TENG driven by wind is introduced as a pump to inject charges into the main TENG. For the main TENG driven by water waves, a specially designed charge self-shuttling mode is applied (CSS-TENG). Under the pump excitation, the shuttling charge amount is increased by 11.8 times, and the peak power density reaches 33.0 W m−3, with an average power density of 2.4 W m−3. Furthermore, the CSS-TENG is expanded into an array by parallel connection, and the practical applications are demonstrated. This work organically couples the wind and water wave energy in the ocean scene, through the charge pumping and self-shuttling mode, providing a new pathway for the synergistic development of clean and renewable energy sources.

Artificial recharge initiatives in India: Challenges and future scope

Artificial recharge of aquifers is regarded as a fundamental supply-side strategy in India to address the prevalent issue of groundwater over-exploitation. Rainwater harvesting and artificial recharge are often implemented as cohesive sets of interventions because of the significant collateral benefits of rainwater harvesting. Central and state governments have implemented various schemes that incorporate rainwater harvesting and artificial recharge. Several studies are underway to investigate the optimal selection of construction sites, structural types, and designs based on local hydrogeology, groundwater flow patterns, terrain conditions, and water demand. These investigations aimed to assess the impact of these factors on resource replenishment and water quality enhancement. Studies have been conducted to determine the extent to which such initiatives yield socio-economic advantages. The discourse has encompassed crucial concerns, such as the accessibility of source water for recharge, conflicts between upstream and downstream stakeholders, and the increasing recognition of various demand-side measures for the sustainable administration of groundwater reservoirs. The paper highlights that there has been a rise in the number of studies regarding artificial recharge post-2020. Overall, this paper showcases the challenges for the implementation of artificial recharge structures with special focus on aspects such as site suitability, water quality concerns, operational problems and governance. The study also sheds light on the future scope of artificial recharge for the sustainable use of groundwater resources. More studies should be performed considering large-scale implications of artificial recharge structures considering resilience towards climate change and water quality and quality concerns.

Modern Methods and Solutions for Water Resources Management in the Wadi-Watir Region (Egypt)

The main problem of water resources in Egypt is the increasing demand and decreasing supply, especially after the construction of the Ethiopian Renaissance Great Dam. One of the best solutions is the use of unusual alternative management techniques, including as a major one, rainwater harvesting and distribution. This paper examines the use of unconventional approaches to water management in arid regions based on rainfall accumulation. Using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and hydrological modelling, the suitability of the Wadi-Watir catchment (Egypt) for rainwater storage was assessed and optimal locations for the construction of storage structures were identified. The results of the study showed that 19% (666 km2) of the study area is highly suitable for the aims and objectives; 16% (573 km2) of the catchment area has limited realisability. Twelve sites were found to be suitable for the construction of storage dams. Fourteen sites are identified as optimal for the placement of percolation (filtration) reservoirs along watercourses. The area considered ideal for above-ground percolation (filtration) tanks is 25.9 km2. The optimum area for farm ponds is 1.34 km2. As a result, the construction of water storage structures is proposed to improve water management in the Wadi-Watir region. The implementation of the rainwater harvesting structures (SRF) was divided into three phases depending on the severity of the flash flood hazard. The first, second and third phases can meet 62.24% (34.24 mil m3) of the water demand. This approach is a new and modern solution to the problem of water scarcity under socio-economic and environmental pressures while achieving the goals of sustainable development in Egypt. The article is based on the dissertation research of Mohamed Mostafa Ezzeldin Abdelrahim (MGSU, dissertation council № 24.2.339.07, March 2024).

Optimizing Building Orientation for Passive Cooling

This research paper explores the application of passive design strategies in three museums in Lagos, Nigeria: The National Museum, Jaekel House, and the Heritage Museum in Badagry. The study focuses on building orientation as a key passive design strategy and evaluates its effectiveness in enhancing energy efficiency and thermal comfort in tropical climates. With the use of data collection from Google Earth Pro, a comparative analysis examines the architectural features and design elements of each museum, highlighting their use of building orientation, shading devices, and landscaping to optimize passive cooling and natural lighting. The innovative layout and strategic orientation of the National Museum demonstrate a successful integration of passive design strategies, while Jaekel House's use of deep overhangs and vegetation showcases a deliberate commitment to sustainable architecture. The Heritage Museum in Badagry, with its historical significance, presents an intriguing case study for passive design. While limited information is available, satellite imagery suggests an optimal orientation for passive solar design, complemented by deep overhangs and a reflective roof. The findings suggest that the three museums can benefit from further enhancements to their passive design strategies, including the integration of renewable energy sources, smart building systems, green roof systems, and water harvesting and management systems. In addition, educational initiatives can raise awareness and promote sustainable practices among visitors and the local community.

Lithium-based water-absorbent hydrogel with a high solar cell cooling flux

The lifetime and photovoltaic conversion efficiency of the solar cell will decline as the temperature rises. Herein, a versatile hydrogel allowing atmospheric water harvesting and evaporative cooling is introduced to passively reduce the working temperature of the solar cell. As a flexible substrate, the lithium-rich and highly absorbent polyacrylamide hydrogel is employed to satisfy these specifications. Preferentially, the water-saturated hydrogel, which is bonded to the backside of the solar cell, collects the waste heat produced by the cell and dissipates it into the atmosphere by water evaporation. Importantly, the hydrogel naturally gathers atmospheric vapor at night or on overcast days to revive its cooling ability. This configuration endows the PV cell with a cooling flux of up to 529 W m−2 and thus reduces the working temperature of a polycrystalline silicon cell by 26 °C at 1 sun (=1 kW m−2) illumination. More importantly, the hydrogel arrangement supports 6.2 % and 17 % improvements in average open-circuit and maximum power output (or photovoltaic efficiency), respectively. This is devoid of limits on access to liquid water resources, making it a potential option for efficient and sustainable solar cell power generation.

Assessing the role of technology transfer and participatory technology development on farmers crop yield and income in Shawa village of Zalingei, Central Darfur State

This study is aiming at assessing the role of technology transfer and participatory technology development on farmers’ crop yield and income in Shawa village of Zalingei locality during 2022/2023 cropping rainy season. Clustered random sampling technique applied. Demonstration farm was established in an area of 1.5 feddan. Farmers field schools (FFSs) of 25 men and women farmers selected. Participatory Technology Development (PTD) for men and women farmers was also developed in an area of 1.5 feddan. Improved seeds will be grown versus local check. Each treatment comprising NPK fertilizer micro dose (0. 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 gram/ hole) randomly practiced. Fertilizer micro dose with percentage of 17-17-17 was added and mixed with seeds per hole at planting method. All farmers experienced to practical and theoretical farming of FFSs training in all research technical packages of land preparation, sowing date, seed preparation, seed dressing, thinning, weeding, water harvesting, soil conservation, pests and diseases control, seed production technologies, harvest and post harvest technologies. Results of partial crop budget revealed that all crops finically gave positive net returns. The highest yield kg/ha was obtained by Sorghum Wad-Ahmed 3500, Sorghum Butana with 3250, 3000 kg/ha for sorghum local and G/nut Gibaish, while the lowest yield/ha shown by sesame local (776 kg/ha). Therefore, the highest net returns was recorded by sorghum Butana (SDG 329048), sorghum wad-Ahmed (SDG 295477), sorghum local (SDG 269048) and G/nut Gibaish (SDG 108990). While the lowest net returns was computed by G/nut local with SDG 21,381. Results of marginal analysis revealed that sorghum Butana gave the highest MRR 1230. Results of Participatory Technology Development (PTD) of improved yields against local indicated that, the highest yield obtained by sorghum Wad-Ahmed and G/nut Gibaish (1100 and 950 kg/feddan), respectively. While the lowest yield obtained by sesame local (195 kg/feddan). The increased over decreased of improved versus local showed that sorghum wad-ahmed exceed local by 11%, millet Ashana 36%, sesame Promio 13% and groundnut Gibaish exceed local by 25%. The study recommended strengthening research extension farmers and enhancing farmers’ participatory technology development.

Feasibility of Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting at Grey Iron Foundry, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India

Feasibility of Rooftop Rain Water Harvesting at Grey Iron Foundry, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India

Wettability gradient of photoresponsive electrospun yarns for harp-based fog water harvesting

Wettability gradient of photoresponsive electrospun yarns for harp-based fog water harvesting

Synergistic photocatalytic breakdown of azo dyes coupled with H2 generation via Cr-doped α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles

This research addresses the scalable and inexpensive synthesis of α-Fe2O3via hydrothermal method without any precipitating agent as well as the enhancement of solar driven photocatalytic and H2 production through doping different chromium proportions. Competency of α-Fe2O3, both pure and doped with chromium, to function as photocatalyst was evaluated by its interaction with multiple dyes, which was real-time monitored utilizing (Internet of Things) IoT technique. By adding chromium, the rate of deterioration increased substantially from 15 to 94% for TB under sunlight in a remarkably brief 20 min by employing a very small amount of Cr0.8Fe1.2O3 (0.3 g/L), as evidenced by high degree of mineralization i.e. 85% and LC-HRMS. Also, the rapid breakdown of Trypan Blue (TB) was indicated by BOD5/COD ratio. Moreover, Cr-doped α-Fe2O3 displays excellent H2 production (~ 132 μmol h−1 g−1) as compared to α-Fe2O3. This work highlights the potential utilization of Cr-doped α-Fe2O3 for the purification of industrial waste water and green energy harvesting.

Enhancing Urban Sustainability and Resilience: Employing Digital Twin Technologies for Integrated WEFE Nexus Management to Achieve SDGs

This research explores the application of digital twin technologies to progress the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within the water-energy-food-environment (WEFE) nexus management in urban refugee areas. The study in Irbid Camp utilizes a detailed 3D Revit model combined with real-time data and community insights processed through advanced machine learning algorithms. An examination of 450 qualitative interviews indicates an 80% knowledge level of water conservation practices among the community but only 35% satisfaction with the current management of resources. Predictive analytics forecast a 25% increase in water scarcity and an 18% surge in energy demand within the next ten years, prompting the deployment of sustainable solutions such as solar energy installations and enhanced rainwater collection systems. By simulating resource allocation and environmental impacts, the digital twin framework helps in planning urban development in line with SDGs 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities), and 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production). This investigation highlights the capacity of digital twin technology to improve resource management, increase community resilience, and support sustainable urban growth, suggesting its wider implementation in comparable environments.