Railway Communication Research Articles

Развитие транспортно-пересадочного узла Купчино

Purpose: Analysis of the current transport system in the intermodal hub and development of a proposal for the redistribution of passenger traffic in the intermodal hub of Kupchino with an increase in the capacity of the node in the conditions of passenger traffic increase that occurred because of the following: larger frequency in time schedule of passenger suburb trains in Vitebsk direction and population increase on the adjacent territory. Analysis of metro capacity and identification of “bottlenecks” of passenger traffic of station platform. Methods: Modeling in Anylogic, statistical research. Results: Imitative model of Kupchino intermodal hub using urban ground transport. Proposal has been developed to redistribute passenger traffic within Kupchino transport intermodal hub by building a concourse over the railways and the underground station adjacent to shopping and entertainment complexes with expansion of the list of services for passengers. Analysis and discovery of bottleneck number in the intermodal hub and method for their elimination is made. Scheme for the intermodal hub development, taking into account of intra-city railway communication, is proposed. Practical significance: The development of Kupchino intermodal hub in the context of passenger traffic increase, raise of underground entrance capacity, creation of new jobs. Formation of accessible and comfortable transport infrastructure for to serve passengers of all population groups, including those with limited mobility.

Low-Band Information and Historical Data Aided Non-Uniform Millimeter Wave Beam Selection Algorithm in 5G-R High-Speed Railway Communication Scene

Low-Band Information and Historical Data Aided Non-Uniform Millimeter Wave Beam Selection Algorithm in 5G-R High-Speed Railway Communication Scene

Research on Application and Quality Management of Optical Fiber Access Network Technology in Railway Communication Engineering

Research on Application and Quality Management of Optical Fiber Access Network Technology in Railway Communication Engineering

Государственная и частная почта: почтовый эпизод советско-германских отношений периода действия Брестского-Литовского мира 1918 г.

Mail and postage stamps are a single entity, maintaining such a connection even in times of serious socio-political upheavals. After the events of 1917, the new leadership of the postal and telegraph department was almost immediately concerned to stop the process of further destruction of postal and telegraph communications in Russia, which had begun in the previous period. Attempts were made to maintain the functioning of international postal communications by this time, although in the conditions of the actual state of war of Soviet Russia, primarily with Germany, this was seriously hampered. Only after the signing of the Brest Peace and its ratification on March 15, 1918, the international postal service began to revive. Nevertheless, in the difficult conditions of the initial period of the civil war, foreign nationals who were on the territory of Soviet Russia had to find alternative ways to send correspondence abroad to the state postal service. One of these methods was the creation of private mail. In the conditions of complex international relations in the spring - summer of 1918, the functions of private mail could be assumed by special structures that were created at foreign missions in Soviet Russia. One of these structures was the “German-Baltic Committee” in Petrograd, created at the German Consulate, opened after the signing of the Brest Treaty. Сommittee initiated the issue of a special stamp, which was first described in his memoirs by the Russian emigrant G. Shenets, and one of the most prominent representatives of Russian philately, K. Schmidt, conducted a study of its functioning. The circle of people who used this private mail was very limited. Letters and small packages were accepted, for the dispatch of which a fee of one ruble was charged, a stamp of the corresponding denomination was pasted by the committee's employees on all mailings and stamped with special stamps in German. These stamps were not sold to the public. From the Baltic provinces, special couriers brought back correspondence, which was again issued in the committee itself with the same stamps at the same tariff. Probably, the activity of this “private mail” turned out to be short-lived. The need for it, in fact, disappeared after the signing on August 8, 1918 of the agreement between Russia and Germany on postal, telegraph and railway communication, according to which all postal and telegraph relations between the two countries were regulated by the Convention on the Universal Postal Union and bilateral treaties and agreements concluded in this area between the Russian Empire and Germany, the effect of which were resumed according to the peace concluded in Brest-Litovsk. In general, the short-term activity of the German-Baltic Committee in the field of postal services, apparently, was more of a forced, extraordinary measure, although it fits well enough into the international situation associated with the period of the Brest Peace in relations between the RSFSR and Germany. On the other hand, this episode of international postal activity indicates that the leadership of Soviet Russia systematically followed the path of strengthening control over those areas of activity that ensured the monopoly right of the state to receive income from international activities.

Features of The Development of High Speed Railway Communications

In the global community, socially responsible investment (ESG) is becoming a trend, and when deciding whether to invest in financial instruments or a company, along with economic indicators, the degree of impact on both society and the environment is assessed. High-speed rail transport reduces the harmful emissions of pollutants to air, water and soil, and also has a lower noise level compared to road or air transport. The emergence of new materials and technologies is consistently increasing the speed records that rail transport can reach, and in combination with environmental friendliness, it can be called the "Transport of the future".

К ВОПРОСУ О РАЗВИТИИ ПРОФОРИЕНТАЦИИ ПРИ ПОЛУЧЕНИИ ПРОФЕССИИ В ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОМ ВУЗЕ

Currently, career guidance activities are not given enough attention. We believe that these activities should be carried out for students of general education schools, starting from the eighth grade, so that students have the opportunity for self-determination within their future profession. The paper shows the possibility of preparing a modern specialist for professional activity by means of higher mathematics, namely, the introduction of professionally oriented tasks into the learning process. Problems of this type are understood as mathematical problems with practical content, revealing the applications of mathematics in various areas of work, which prepares for a future profession. In addition, the professionally oriented tasks proposed by the authors can be used as an effective tool to increase motivation in the study of the discipline "Mathematics". The presented article describes the need for the use of professionally oriented tasks in the process of studying at a railway university on the example of studying mathematics when studying in the specialty 23.05.03 "Rolling stock of railways", specialization "Locomotives" at the Samara State University of Railway Communications. Since some of the graduates who graduated from a railway university in the specified specialty begin their professional activities as an assistant driver, we will dwell in more detail on the description of the profession of a driver, considering it from the point of view of the need to gain knowledge from a higher mathematics course.

Physical Layer Enhancement for Next-Generation Railway Communication Systems

This paper presents an overview of the challenges and state-of-the-art physical layer enhancement designs for next-generation railway communication, also known as high-speed train (HST) communication. The physical layer design for the HST should adapt from its counterpart in the general-purpose network because of the harsh propagation environment and extreme conditions, stringent latency and reliability requirements of dedicated railway applications, and frequency band scarcity caused by regulation. In this survey, we examine how conventional multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) family techniques such as beamforming, multi-cell MIMO, and relays can enhance the physical layer performance for HST. Physical layer enhancement assisted by novel reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) technology was also analyzed from different perspectives. Dedicated control channels, reference signals, waveforms, and numerology designs for train-to-infrastructure (T2I) and train-to-train (T2T) communication in sidelinks are also reviewed. Finally, a brief introduction to artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML)-aided HST physical layer design is provided. Several promising research avenues have also been suggested.

Railroad Theme in Soviet Poster

The article analyzes the representation of the railway image in the Soviet poster. The periods in the development of the poster and the peculiarities of the embodiment of the theme in each of the periods are highlighted. These features include endowing the image of the railway in general and the steam locomotive in particular with the symbolic meaning. This symbolism was developed in the first years of the Soviet power and was primarily associated with the understanding of the railway as a symbol of revolution, progressive development, the road to the bright future. During the years of "perestroika" the railroad in the poster became a symbol of repression. Analysis of a large number of posters made it possible to single out a variety of topics, which also changed from period to period, because of the historical events taking place in the country. Such consistently developing topics as military actions during the Civil War, overcoming devastation, the development of railway communication in the USSR, the organization of transport operations during the Great Patriotic War, the restoration of the railway in the post-war period, the construction of the Baikal-Amur Mainline, and the rethinking of Soviet history are outlined.

Development of the Land Transport System of the Rural Settlement Network in the Tomsk Uyezd (District-Union) in the Second Half of the 19th Century and the First Quarter of the 20th Century

The process of development of the land transport system — postal and zemstvo tracts, volost roads, railway communication is considered. The degree of influence of the transport component on the development of the rural settlement network of the Tomsk Uyezd (district-union) in the Tomsk Province in the second half of the 19th — first quarter of the 20th century is estimated. The author shows the role and significance of the Moscow-Siberian, Tomsk-Kuznetsk, Tomsk-Barnaul, Barnaul-Kolyvansky, Narymsky tracts, local volost roads, as well as the Trans-Siberian Railway on the process of formation of a group of rural settlements of peasant and “foreign” volosts of the Tomsk Uyezd. The work focused on cartographic materials of the corresponding period, as well as a schematic cartographic model of the key transport communications of the northern, central and southern groups of parishes. According to the author, the basis of the land transport network was formed at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. In the 1920s, there was only a modernization of the already established lines of communication.

Latency-aware secure transmission in MEC-assisted HSR communication systems

Mobile edge computing can provide short-range cloud computing capability for the mobile users, which is considered to be a promising technology in 5G communication. The mobile users offload some computing tasks to the edge server through the wireless backhaul link, which can reduce the energy consumption and the time latency. Meanwhile, due to the open characteristics of the wireless channel, the offloading tasks through the backhaul link may face the risk of eavesdropping. Therefore, the secure transmission based on physical layer security for the offloading tasks to the edge server is considered. The optimization problem of minimizing the energy consumption for the vehicular stations (VSs) in mobile edge computing-assisted high-speed railway communication system is studied in this paper. The energy consumption of the mobile users is generated by executing the local computing task and by transmitting the partial offloading task to the edge server. In this paper, a novel joint iterative optimization algorithm is proposed. By jointly optimizing the task scheduling, the task offloading and the transmission power, the energy consumption of all VSs is minimized under the constraint of the time latency. Numerical simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Modern technological solutions to ensure transport security

To ensure uninterrupted railway communication with the Republic of Crimea, within the framework of the largest national infrastructure project, the construction of a transport crossing through the Kerch Strait was completed in 2018, which also includes a railway component. The article considers the regulatory legal grounds for the use of modern stationary inspection and screening complexes that allow for the inspection of freight trains plying on the railway of the transport passage through the Kerch Strait.The uniqueness of the legal regime for the protection of this structure is complemented by the use of the latest technical means of ensuring transport security to prevent the commission of unlawful encroachments in the activities of the transport complex, including stationary inspection railway complexes.The principle of operation of inspection complexes, which is based on the physical method of introscopy, is shown, and their technical characteristics are given. The use of inspection railway complexes allows the transport security forces to identify objects and substances that are prohibited or restricted for movement into the transport security zone, practically without interfering with the technological processes of freight traffic, since the scanning of wagons is carried out while the passage is moving. Modern installations at a high level reliably protect the Crimean bridge from illegal encroachments.

Performance of Base Stations in Railway Digital Radio Communication Networks

Base station (BS) is a terminal device of a radio communication network, while railway radio communications play an important role in ensuring safety of passenger and cargo transportation.A proposed method for calculating the performance of base stations in railway digital radio communication networks is intended to calculate for the BS the probabilities of being in certain state.BS was decomposed and such functional elements as circuit groups and a radio frequency path were identified, as well as the central module ensuring the exchange of information with elements of this BS and with other BSs. A detailed study of each element has increased accuracy of the proposed method. Following the Markov model, BS is presented as a system in which all possible states are considered. Models for BS with two and three circuit groups have been constructed. The parameters of each functional element of the model can be obtained through observation over a certain period. The solution of the system of equations for each of the models presented in the article will allow obtaining the values of the system being in a certain state. The obtained characteristics can be used to calculate the reliability of the entire radio communication network, and then to assess quality of service provided to the users of this network.Conclusions are made about the possibilities of using the obtained models when designing new railway communication networks and when calculating quality indices of existing ones. The proposed models can be applied not only to railway radio communication networks but also to mobile communication networks of commercial operators.

ОЦЕНКА ПОТЕНЦИАЛА ОСВОЕНИЯ МИНЕРАЛЬНО-СЫРЬЕВЫХ РЕСУРСОВ РЕГИОНА С УЧЕТОМ МЕЖОТРАСЛЕВОГО БАЛАНСА (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ТУВЫ)

It is shown that the territory of Tuva is distinguished by the richness and diversity of mineral resources. A brief description of the main deposits of the republic (coal, non-ferrous metals, ore gold), which will be developed in the next 5-10 years, is given. An economic assessment of the development potential of Tuva's mineral resources was carried out using the methods of the revenue approach and intersectoral modeling. The assessment of the most significant mineral deposits of Tuva shows their high economic efficiency of implementation. During the implementation of projects for the development of deposits in the region (coal of the Ulug-Khem basin, Kyzyl-Tashty polymetallic deposit, Ak-SUG copper-porphyry deposit, Kar-Beldyr ore gold deposit) The GRP of the republic may increase sevenfold. It is also projected to increase tax revenues and create more than seven thousand new jobs. It is shown that the widespread implementation of investment projects in the field of subsurface use is caused by infrastructure restrictions (energy, transport), first of all - the lack of railway communication both with nearby regions of Siberia and with cross-border territories. The removal of infrastructure restrictions can not only create a developed mining complex in the region, but also turn it into one of the promising regions of Siberia, given its cross-border potential for trade and economic development.

ОБОСНОВАНИЕ ЦЕЛЕСООБРАЗНОСТИ ВНУТРИГОРОДСКОГО ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНОГО СООБЩЕНИЯ НА ПРИМЕРЕ САНКТ-ПЕТЕРБУРГСКОЙ АГЛОМЕРАЦИИ

This article discusses the following issues: justification of the feasibility of intra-city railway communication on the example of St. Petersburg, creation of a basic algorithm for commissioning this project for this purpose, the analysis of existing methods used for the introduction of new types of transport was carried out, the main advantages and disadvantages of railway communication are given, the basic algorithm for the introduction of intra-city railway communication is given, the possibility of implementing the project in St. Petersburg is considered. The commissioning of the intra-city railway network allows: to reconsider the issue of the development of the transport network of the agglomeration, promotes the development of an off-street mode of transport that can compete with the metro, redistribute passenger flows coming from the Leningrad region and the suburbs of St. Petersburg, improve the environmental situation in the region by reducing congestion at the entrance to the city by transferring to the intra-city railway communication, which will also reduce the travel time of all traffic participants.

RoF distributed antenna architecture- and reinforcement learning-empowered real-time EMI immunity for highly reliable railway communication.

Highly reliable wireless train-ground communication immune to the electromagnetic interferences (EMIs) is of critical importance for the security and efficiency of high-speed railways (HSRs). However, the rapid development of HSRs (>52,000 km all over the world) brings great challenges on the conventional EMIs mitigation strategies featuring non-real-time and passive. In this paper, the convergence of radio-over-fiber distributed antenna architecture (RoF-DAA) and reinforcement learning technologies is explored to empower a real-time, cognitive and efficient wireless communication solution for HSRs, with strong immunity to EMIs. A centralized communication system utilizes the RoF-DAA to connect the center station (CS) and distributed remote radio units (RRUs) along with the railway track-sides to collect electromagnetic signals from environments. Real-time recognition of EMIs and interactions between the CS and RRUs are enabled by the RoF link featuring broad bandwidth and low transmission loss. An intelligent proactive interference avoidance scheme is proposed to perform EMI-immunity wireless communication. Then an improved Win or learn Fast-Policy Hill Climbing (WoLF-PHC) multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithm is adopted to dynamically select and switch the operation frequency bands of RRUs in a self-adaptive mode, avoiding the frequency channel contaminated by the EMIs. In proof-of-concept experiments and simulations, EMIs towards a single RRU and multiple RRUs in the same cluster and towards two adjacent RRUs in distinct clusters are effectively avoided for the Global System for Mobile communications-Railway (GSM-R) system in HSRs. The proposed system has a superior performance in terms of circumventing either static or dynamic EMIs, serving as an improved cognitive radio scheme to ensuring high security and high efficiency railway communication.

Joint optimization of BS-VS association and power control in secure HSR communication systems

In this paper, the secure transmission for high-speed railway (HSR) communication system is studied. The considered HSR wireless communication system consists of a macro base station, B roadside base stations, and K vehicle stations (VSs) on the top of the train, and the eavesdropping user is a mobile unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). We consider maximizing the sum of the minimum security rate of each time slot as the objective function, and the constraint conditions contain the quality of service (QoS), switch requirements and the total power constraint. The original optimization problem is mixed-integer and non-convex, it is intractable to solve directly. The block coordinate descent (BCD) method is applied, and the original problem can be decoupled into two sub-problems. The one is the joint BS-VS association problem, and the other is the power control problem. The first sub-problem of optimizing BS-VS association can be solved by the successive convex approximation (SCA) algorithm, and the second one of optimizing transmit power can be solved by the lagrangian dual method. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms have good convergence.

Creation and Operation of Main Railways in Bukovina

This study aims to review the socio-political and economic preconditions of creation and beginning of operation of main railways in Bukovina. The analysis of scientific and memoir literature, recollections, review of archival sources allowed establishing the fact that the problem of formation and beginning of operation of the network of railways in Bukovina of the Austro-Hungarian period was not a subject of systematic and integral investigation. It was shown that the idea of building railways in Bukovina was also in the political and socio-economic interests of Austria in the south-eastern region of Europe because by laying railways, the imperial government provided itself with a favourable strategic position in the region. Based on the results of the study, it was established that with the construction of the Lviv-Chernivtsi-Iași railway, railway communications came to first place in the Austrian-Hungarian Empire in terms of material, technical, defense and economic potential.

Multi-feature fusion for high-speed railway propagation scene recognition based on LSTM networks

In order to fulfill the requirement of service quality of the 5G system, we consider multi-feature fusion methods in this paper to recognize the propagation scene of high-speed railway precisely. After that, the performance of system is improved by using some adaptive technologies. Firstly, we make an explanation on propagation scenes and channel feature parameters, and the dataset is split into two sets: training set and testing set. Then we propose a multilayer long short term memory(LSTM) architecture with a novel weighted score fusion scheme to learn classification from different propagation scenes and compare the results with usage of three regular fusion schemes. The result shows that the recognition accuracy of proposed model on testing dataset reaches 92.2%, the area under curve(AUC) of this model is better than the other three fusion schemes. Therefore, the proposed method provides an accurate recognition application for high-speed railway communication systems.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF COMPACT METHODS REPRESENTATIONS OF GRAPHIC INFORMATION

The main characteristics of graphic information compression methods with losses and without losses (RLE, LZW, Huffman's method, DEFLATE, JBIG, JPEG, JPEG 2000, Lossless JPEG, fractal and Wawelet) are analyzed in the article. Effective transmission and storage of images in railway communication systems is an important task now. Because large images require large storage resources. This task has become very important in recent years, as the problems of information transmission by telecommunication channels of the transport infrastructure have become urgent. There is also a great need for video conferencing, where the task is to effectively compress video data - because the greater the amount of data, the greater the cost of transmitting information, respectively. Therefore, the use of image compression methods that reduce the file size is the solution to this task. The study highlights the advantages and disadvantages of compression methods. The comparative analysis the basic possibilities of compression methods of graphic information is carried out. The relevance lies in the efficient transfer and storage of graphical information, as big data requires large resources for storage. The practical significance lies in solving the problem of effectively reducing the data size by applying known compression methods.

Railway communication system; Reliability; Mean time to failure; Markov process; Sensitivity

Policy-making is an undeniable decision-making process in every company where different kinds of decisions are taken based on different goals and preferences in each vision. “Prospective Multiple Attribute Decision Making (PMADM)” is one of the well-known decision-making frameworks that have been used as a flexible decision-making tool for developing policies and making future decisions over different periods. This study presents a multi attribute problem with three different visions where a decision-making process is required for each vision in order to prioritize the potential set of alternatives. Evaluation Based on the Distance from the Average Solution (EDAS) is used as a MADM model to show the applicability and feasibility of the PMADM framework. A vision-based weighting system (ViWeS) prepares a new opportunity to take proper decisions in different visions and time requirements. This research is analyzed three-time vision (Current, 2025, and 2030) and showed by changing the time, the rank of the alternatives also is changed. In numerical example is indicated in the current vision, Alternative 5 gets rank one and alternative six get rank 2, for 2025 vision, the rank one and two don’t change, and in vision 2030, the rank of one does not change, but the rank of second change from Alternative 6 to 3.