Railway Communication Research Articles

Signal processing for enhancing railway communication by integrating deep learning and adaptive equalization techniques.

With the increasing amount of data in railway communication system, the conventional wireless high-frequency communication technology cannot meet the requirements of modern communication and needs to be improved. In order to meet the requirements of high-speed signal processing, a high-speed communication signal processing method based on visible light is developed and studied. This method combines the adaptive equalization algorithm with deep learning and is applied to railway communication signal processing. In this research, the wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) techniques are used, and fuzzy C equalization algorithm is used to softly divide the received signals, reduce signal distortion and interference suppression. The experimental results showed that increasing the step size could reduce the equalization effect, while increasing the modulation parameter will increase the bit error rate. Through deep learning to achieve channel equalization, visible light communication could effectively mitigate multi-path transmission and reflection interference, thereby reducing the bit error rate to the level of 0.0001. Under various signal-to-noise ratios, the system using the channel compensation method achieved the lowest bit error rate. This outcome was achieved by implementing hybrid modulation scheme, including Wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and direct current-biased optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DCO-OFDM) techniques. It has been proved that this method can effectively reduce the channel distortion when the receiver is moving. This study develops a dependable communication system, which enhances signal recovery, reduces interference, and improves the quality and transmission efficiency of railway communication. The system has practical application value in the field of railway communication signal processing.

Antenna Deployment Optimization for Coverage Performance Improvement in High-Speed Railway Communications

Antenna Deployment Optimization for Coverage Performance Improvement in High-Speed Railway Communications

A novel method for reducing the effect of doppler frequency shift in high-speed railway mobile communication using machine learning

Currently, high-speed railway systems are rapidly expanding worldwide, necessitating reliable and efficient mobile communication solutions. However, the Doppler frequency shift caused by the high speeds of trains presents significant challenges to communication systems, particularly those using OFDM in LTE. This paper presents a novel for Doppler frequency compensation in high-speed railway communication based on the results of estimating the train's velocity using machine learning algorithms. By leveraging advanced algorithm such as neural networks, our method dynamically predicts and compensates for Doppler shifts in real-time. In this proposed novel, the Doppler frequency value is calculated based on the actual train’s velocity and the scenario of a high-speed railway, then the Doppler frequency is used to compensate the carrier frequency offset (CFO) directly at the Access Point (AP) device on the train. We conduct simulations to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed solution in a high-speed railway scenario. The results demonstrate a marked improvement in communication reliability and data integrity, highlighting the potential of machine learning to enhance the performance of mobile communication systems in high-speed railways. The results of the proposed model are evaluated based on the system’s bit error rate BER after the CFO compensation decreases and the ratio of average energy per bit (Eb) to noise power density (N0) (Eb/N0) increases. This shows that the proposed solution works effectively and reduces the system’s bit errors while improving the communication performance. This study opens new avenues for integrating intelligent systems in transportation networks, ensuring seamless connectivity, and improving passenger experience

Wireless Perception of High-Speed Railway Communication: Challenges, Framework, and Future Directions

Wireless Perception of High-Speed Railway Communication: Challenges, Framework, and Future Directions

Coverage Analysis for High-Speed Railway Communications with Narrow-Strip-Shaped Cells over Suzuki Fading Channels.

Unlike circular cell coverage in public land mobile communications, narrow-strip-shaped cell coverage should be considered in high-speed railway (HSR) communications. Moreover, for the coverage analysis in HSR communications, most works ignore the effect of small-scale fading, which results in an inaccurate coverage performance evaluation. In this paper, we focus on the coverage analysis for HSR communications with narrow-strip-shaped cells over the Suzuki fading channel, where the composite channel fading includes path loss, lognormal shadowing, and Rayleigh-distributed small-scale fading. Based on the channel model, we first analyze the statistical characteristic of the received signal-to-noise ratio. Then, we derive analytical expressions of the edge coverage probability (ECP) and the percentage of cell coverage area (CCA). To link the edge coverage performance and the average coverage performance of a cell, we express the percentage of CCA as a summation of the ECP and a positive increment. As special cases, we also obtain the coverage performance expressions for the systems without small-scale fading. Through Monte Carlo simulations, the accuracy of the derived expressions is verified. Numerical results also show that the small-scale fading has a strong effect on coverage performance and cannot be ignored. In addition, the effects of key parameters are also discussed.

Communication security analysis of fully electronic interlocking systems

Communication security in fully electronic interlocking systems is one of the key factors ensuring the safe and reliable operation of the entire system. EN50159 is an important standard in the European railway communication sector, aimed at ensuring the safety, reliability, and efficiency of railway transportation. According to the communication security standards of EN50159, there are six types of security risks in closed communication: data duplication, deletion, insertion, misordering, delay, and corruption. This paper analyzes and explains the aspects of communication security that need to be considered based on the safety communication standards of China's railway signaling system and the signal safety standards in EN50159, focusing primarily on communication security and reliability.

A reconstruction and recovery network-based channel estimation in high-speed railway wireless communications

The integration of high-speed railway communication systems with 5G technology is widely recognized as a significant development. Due to the considerable mobility of trains and the complex nature of the environment, the wireless channel exhibits non-stationary characteristics and fast time-varying characteristics, which presents significant hurdles in terms of channel estimation. In addition, the use of massive MIMO technology in the context of 5G networks also leads to an increase in the complexity of estimation. To address the aforementioned issues, this paper presents a novel approach for channel estimation in high mobility scenarios using a reconstruction and recovery network. In this method, the time-frequency response of the channel is considered as a two-dimensional image. The Fast Super-Resolution Convolution Neural Network (FSRCNN) is used to first reconstruct channel images. Next, the Denoising Convolution Neural Network (DnCNN) is applied to reduce the channel noise and improve the accuracy of channel estimation. Simulation results show that the accuracy of the channel estimation model surpasses that of the standard channel estimation method, while also exhibiting reduced algorithmic complexity.

Влияние санкций на развитие транспортной логистики в современной России

The development of the infrastructure of the international transport corridor (ITC) “North – South” is considered, changes in the tonnage of the marine fleet due to an increase in the number of cargo shipments along the ITC “North – South” are analyzed. As a result of the beginning of EU sanctions against Russia, namely the ban on the import of many goods into Russia, as well as limits on the transportation of goods along European highways and the ban on Russian ships entering and parking at ports, measures are being taken at the level of the Government of the Russian Federation aimed at developing transport logistics focused on the south. These measures are aimed at expanding the volume of cargo transportation: both domestic and international. The “North – South” route starts from St. Petersburg and ends at the port of Mumbai (India). It is an alternative route passing through the Suez Canal. The problem of the functioning of railway communication between Iran and Azerbaijan within the framework of the “North – South” transport corridor is considered. The structure of trade turnover of the countries participating in this corridor is shown, it is noted that the corridor has a beneficial effect on the economy of the Astrakhan region. The bottlenecks of this corridor and ways to eliminate these barriers are outlined. The corridor is not only an economic prerogative of the state, but also a strategic direction. Prospects for increasing cargo traffic have been identified, cargo transportation along the “North – South” MTC in 2023 amounted to 17.6 million tons. The data of the Ministry of Transport of the Russian Federation are presented, which assess the positive growth of cargo traffic along this corridor to 41 million tons by 2030. Conclusions are drawn about the prospects for Russia to further develop the transport corridor, which in the future will become one of the main trade routes in the country.

Thermal stress simulation analysis of aerospace optical fibers and connectors and related extensions to high-speed railway area

Aerospace optical cables and fiber-optic connectors have numerous advantages (e.g., low loss, wide transmission frequency band, large capacity, light weight, and excellent resistance to electromagnetic interference). They can achieve optical communication interconnections and high-speed bidirectional data transmission between optical terminals and photodetectors in space, ensuring the stability and reliability of data transmission during spacecraft operations in orbit. They have become essential components in high-speed networking and optically interconnected communications for spacecrafts. Thermal stress simulation analysis is important for evaluating the temperature stress concentration phenomenon resulting from temperature fluctuations, temperature gradients, and other factors in aerospace optical cables and connectors under the combined effects of extreme temperatures and vacuum environments. Considering this, advanced optical communication technology has been widely used in high-speed railway communication networks to transmit safe, stable and reliable signals, as high-speed railway optical communication in special areas with extreme climates, such as cold and high-temperature regions, requires high-reliability optical cables and connectors. Therefore, based on the finite element method, comprehensive comparisons were made between the thermal distributions of aerospace optical cables and J599III fiber optic connectors under different conditions, providing a theoretical basis for evaluating the performance of aerospace optical cables and connectors in space environments and meanwhile building a technical foundation for potential optical communication applications in the field of high-speed railways.

Integrating 5G and Terrestrial Trunked Radio into Railway Communication System for Railway Safety and Information Security

Integrating 5G and Terrestrial Trunked Radio into Railway Communication System for Railway Safety and Information Security

Comprehensive Survey: Quality of Service in Railway Communication Using Information-Centric Networking and Light Fidelity

Comprehensive Survey: Quality of Service in Railway Communication Using Information-Centric Networking and Light Fidelity

Project for the development of the Eurasian transport framework in the countries of Central Asia

The paper puts the importance of an international transport corridor for the Republic of Kazakhstan. Two directions of railway communication within the latitudinal Central Eurasian Corridor have been identified. A technique has been developed for applying simulation modeling to identify the bottlenecks on the way of railway flows. Bottlenecks include the intersections of vehicular and pedestrian traffic with rail traffic. In such places, conflicting flows are formed, which may be accompanied by a merger of individual flows. Using the methods of structural analysis, synthesis, system analysis and step-by-step inclusion (or exclusion), the input parameters of simulation models of objects and processes have been established for the case study of Aktobe city in the Republic of Kazakhstan. A graphical model of the behavior of groups of objects for conflicting flows in bottlenecks has been developed, being the basis for the simulation model.

Location and History Information Aided Efficient Initial Access Scheme for High-Speed Railway Communications

Location and History Information Aided Efficient Initial Access Scheme for High-Speed Railway Communications

Predicting the Life of Varistors via a Nonlinear Coefficient Based on a Small-Scale Data Model

With the great leaps forward in the development of the railway, the importance of safe operation and maintenance has become increasingly prominent. Varistor is the key component insurge protective devices for railway communication and signaling equipment, it is necessary to study a description model of the varistor degradation process and predict its lifetime through condition monitoring. Among the monitoring parameters, nonlinear coefficient is an important index to measure the health of varistors. Considering that the degradation process of varistors is the cumulative effect of surge history, and its nonlinear coefficient has a time–series relationship, a life prediction model for varistors based on BiLSTM is proposed. The model innovatively uses nonlinear coefficient as the characterization of the deterioration degree of varistors and uses a small-scale network to predict the development trend of nonlinear coefficient automatically and accurately. Verified by surge impact experiments, the model can accurately predict the state of nonlinear coefficient according to historical data and has the potential for engineering applications in predicting the life of varistors.

Karoli Gaspar University, Budapest

The border issue was very important in relations between the South Caucasian first republics, emerged in 1918. Despite disagreements regarding the Zagatala region and some other territories, there has never been an armed conflict between Baku and Tbilisi. Both Baku and Tbilisi understood perfectly well that any military conflict would be harmful for both states. Politicians from both countries really assessed the situation, and this indicates their professionalism and dignity. The issue of determining the border between Georgia and Azerbaijan has never reached the level of complicating the resolution of other issues or, moreover, aggravating the situation between the two states. It should also be taken into account that Georgia and Azerbaijan had much more common interests than controversial issues. One of the most important issues was the export of Baku oil, which passed through the Baku-Batumi oil pipeline and required coordinated actions of both states. One of the ways for transportation of the Baku oil was via the Baku-Batumi oil pipeline, and the other was by rail. Oil transported through the pipeline was mainly destined for Europe. For its needs, Georgia transported oil and various types of petroleum products mainly by rail. The treaties on transit, telegraph communications, and postal communications were signed between neighboring Georgia and Azerbaijan. The conclusions of these treaties were of great political and economic importance for both states. The agreement on railway communication, concluded on March 8, 1919, was of great significance. In order to protect the borders and independence of their states, the Georgian-Azerbaijani mutual defense treaty was signed on June 16, 1919 in Tbilisi. The establishment of Soviet power in Azerbaijan strained relations between Baku and Tbilisi. Soviet Russia used Soviet Azerbaijan, as well as Soviet Armenia, as a springboard for the occupation of Georgia

ARCHITECTURE OF RAILWAY STATION BUILDINGS OF THE RAILWAY IVANO-FRANKIVSK–VORONENKA

The buildings of the Ivano-Frankivsk–Voronenka railway station date back to 1892–1894. The oldest of them were implemented according to three typical projects of the Imperial and Royal Austrian State Railways. They have a spatial, structural and art relationship with the railway stations of Halychyna, Bukovyna and other regions of the sub-Austrian part of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy. In the interwar period (1921–1939), the damaged buildings of railway stations were restored and new railway stations of Delatyn and Tatariv appeared. After the Second World War railway buildings were rebuilt with a tendency towards simplification. Not seldom passenger buildings appeared on the stop platforms in forms of simple semi-open pavilions. Nowadays, some of the historical buildings are also used for residence, most of them are in good and satisfactory state. All railway stations and stopping points are of the on-bank type, connecting landing platforms with station buildings and settlements on the same ground level. 7 from the 11 original typical railway station buildings of the imperial period have been preserved up till now. They form a chain which is interspersed with the unique buildings of Delatyn, Tatariv, Yaremche and a few passenger buildings near the landing platforms. The primary compositional and stylistic integrity of the architecture of the railway buildings is preserved. All historical buildings of the railway stations of the studied group are worthy and should have the status of an architectural monument. The use of buildings may go beyond transport needs. They can accommodate hotels, restaurants, museums, exhibitions, clubs and other public institutions. This corresponds to the modern trend of understanding and using of such objects. When establishing a regular connection by daytime regional trains in clock mode of railway communication, unified landing platforms with their connection to settlements and with informational and service provision should be arranged. The resources of existing railway station buildings and other passenger facilities should be included in this process.

User-Assisted Base Station Caching and Cooperative Prefetching for High-Speed Railway Systems

With the aim of reducing the transmission latency, this paper proposes a scheme of user-assisted base station (BS) caching and cooperative prefetching for high-speed railway (HSR) communications. In the model under consideration, neighboring BSs periodically exchange information, including the coverage area and communication rate, to facilitate content caching and prefetching. As an additional means, users can cache contents that are different from BSs. Specifically, we construct an optimization problem for content caching and prefetching that minimizes the overall transmission latency. Moreover, this problem is decomposed into two subproblems, namely the one aiming to maximize the available throughput of BSs and the other attempting to maximize the user cache utilization subject to the constraint of the BS cache. We demonstrate that the objective function of the first subproblem is equivalent to a monotone submodular function subject to matroid constraints. Therefore, it can be efficiently solved with a greedy algorithm. Meanwhile, the user cache issue can be viewed as a weighted sum maximization problem. Simulation results are presented to verify that the proposed scheme can not only reduce the average transmission latency but also improve the hit probability and system throughput.

Railway Communication as a Measure of Spatial Relations of Polish Cities in 2023

Railway Communication as a Measure of Spatial Relations of Polish Cities in 2023

SDR-Based 28 GHz mmWave Channel Modeling of Railway Marshaling Yard.

Compared with railway communication service requirements on the mainline, requirements in hotspots such as stations and yards are more complicated in terms of service types as well as bandwidth, of which railway-dedicated mobile communication systems such as 5G-R facilitated with dedicated frequency support cannot meet the entire communication requirements. Therefore, other radio-communication technologies need to be adopted as a supplement, among which the mmWave communication system is a promising technology, especially for large bandwidth communication between train and trackside. However, there is a lack of evaluation of the 28 GHz mmWave channel characteristics for the railway marshaling yard scenario. In this paper, the railway marshaling yard mmWave propagation scenario is deeply analyzed and classified into three typical categories, based on which, a measurement campaign is conducted using an SDR channel sounding system equipped with a 28 GHz mmWave phased-array antenna. A self-developed software under the LabVIEW platform is used to derive the channel parameters. Conclusions on the relationship between the parameters of MPC numbers, time-spread, and received power and position, as well as the impact of typical obstructions such as the Catenary, adjacent locomotives, and buildings are drawn. The statistical results and conclusions of this paper are helpful for facilitating the design and performance evaluation of future mmWave communication systems for railway marshaling yards and can also be further extended and applied to the research of mmWave utilization in 6G and other future communication technologies for more scenarios.

EMI and IEMI Impacts on the Radio Communication Network of Electrified Railway Systems: A Critical Review

The electrified railway system has been rapidly rolled out in many countries and regions in the past decades, along with the transportation decarbonization agenda. The latest development in power electronics and electrical railway systems has increased the risks of electromagnetic interference (EMI) and intentional EMI (IEMI) emissions, introducing new challenges to the railway radio communications network. It is vital to have a robust and reliable railway communication network that can be resistant and immune to these interferences for the safe and efficient operation of modern railway systems. Yet, the source and new features of EMI and IEMI emerging along with the latest technological development have not been thoroughly investigated and understood. This review paper aims to fill the research gap. First, railway communications systems are introduced. The EMI and IEMI are discussed at the whole system level, and the corresponding impacts on the signaling and communication systems are reviewed comprehensively. Current electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) methods are surveyed, and challenges of tackling the impacts of EMI and IEMI on the signaling and communication systems are discussed. Finally, future research directions are outlined.