Rail Transit Construction Research Articles

Combinatorial Network Layout and Optimization of Urban Rail Transit

Traffic congestion and disorderly development of land will affect the development of cities. How to make efficient use of urban land is a major issue for cities. Based on this, the problems existing in the planning and construction of urban rail transit in our country were analyzed. The method of rail transit network layout, as well as the site size, site selection and spacing optimization methods were analyzed. The combinatorial network layout planning of Metro Line in a city was studied. According to the layout of rail transit stations, a layout optimization model was proposed. Three basic network layouts were used to lay down the subway lines in this city, and the site size, spacing and intersection points were planned. The effective utilization rate of urban land was increased, and people's travel time was saved, so as to provide a new idea for the layout of rail transit

A Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) Simulation of PM10 Dispersion Caused by Rail Transit Construction Activity: A Real Urban Street Canyon Model.

Particle emissions derived from construction activities have a significant impact on the local air quality, while the canyon effect with reduced natural ventilation contributes to the highest particulate pollution in urban environments. This study attempted to examine the effect of PM10 emissions derived from the construction of a rail transit system in an urban street canyon. Using a 3D computational fluid dynamic (CFD) model based on a real street canyon with different height ratios, this study formulates the impact of height ratio and wind directions on the dispersion and concentration of PM10. The results indicate that parallel flow would cause the concentration of PM10 at the end of the street canyons in all height ratios, and the trends in horizontal, vertical and lateral planes in all street canyons are similar. While in the condition of perpendicular flow, double-eddy circulations occur and lead to the concentration of PM10 in the middle part of the street canyon and leeward of backwind buildings in all height ratios. Furthermore, perpendicular flow will cause the concentration of PM10 to increase if the upwind buildings are higher than the backwind ones. This study also shows that the dispersion of PM10 is strongly associated with wind direction in and the height ratios of the street canyons. Certain measures could, therefore, be taken to prevent the impact on people in terms of the PM10 concentration and the heights of street canyons identified in this research. Potential mitigation strategies are suggested, include measurements below 4 m according to governmental regulations, dust shields, and atomized water.

Importance Degree Research of Safety Risk Management Processes of Urban Rail Transit Based on Text Mining Method

China’s urban rail transit (URT) construction is coming into the stage of rapid development under the guidance of national policies. However, the URT construction projects belong to high-risk projects and construction safety accidents occur frequently. Presently, safety risk management is in continuous development. Unfortunately, due to risk data deficiencies and lack of relationship between participants and safety risk factors, most of the research results cannot be well applied to URT projects. To overcome the limits, this paper has applied the text mining method into safety risk analysis. Through word frequency analysis and cluster analysis, 15 safety risk factors and 3 participants are identified from 156 accident reports. In addition, the accident descriptive model has been established, which is composed of indirect safety risk factors (management defects), direct safety risk factors and participants. In this model, each accident is the standardized description of the corresponding accident information. This is useful for risk data accumulation and analysis. Then the network structure analysis and risk assessment methods are utilized to make clear 63 relationships among participants, management defects and direct safety risk factors. Subsequently, the risk value of each relationship is evaluated. These safety risk information is integrated into the accident descriptive model by using accident points. Finally, ABC analysis which is a popular and effective method used to classify items into specific categories that can be managed and controlled separately is used to analyze the safety risk management’s core process(A), important process(B) and general process(C) in the accident descriptive model. The research results show that the constructor should pay attention to construction coordination, safety specifications, safety measures and personnel education, the supervisor should attach importance to timely communication, the monitoring unit should pay attention to advanced forecast and dynamic control. The main research contributions are as follows: (1) A method of obtaining risk data from unstructured content has been provided; (2) The accident descriptive model could be utilized for risk data continuous accumulation; (3) The emphases of URT construction safety risk management are made clear.

Sources of Funds in Light Rail Transit Financing

The construction of Light Rail Transit (LRT) infrastructure requires a large amount of funding, larger than the existing Regional Budget (APBD), and therefore requires a funding scheme with high financial feasibility to cover this financial gap. This research is aimed at identifying and determining suitable sources and their respective proportion for such scheme using secondary data from literature study and records on the capacity of funding sources, and primary data from in-depth interviews, descriptive analysis and analysis on the capacity of each funding source. It is expected that the result of this research can identify feasible sources of funding and their proportion to be applied in the construction of LRT.

MASYARAKAT PALEMBANG DI TENGAH PEMBANGUNAN LIGHT RAIL TRANSIT (LRT) (Analisis Wacana Kritis Kapitalisme, Sosialisme dan Nasionalisme Dalam Etika Islam)

Since the construction of Light Rail Transit (LRT) in the city of Palembang, almost all mass media in this bustling city making it as the main topics. Since the beginning of construction of LRT in early December 2015, one of the major newspapers in South Sumatra, Sumatera Ekspres (Sumatera Ekspres Online) also made the news about LRT construction in Palembang as the discussion that never run out of stories. Construction of social reality world LRT near the commodification of pride as well as complaints and it continued to come and go. The contributions of media in raising, framing, and discoursing, it was no doubt of providing significant input in the minds of readers, viewers, or listeners. From here, the information about the construction of LRT was studied through the analysis of the social construction of reality and it based on the theory of social construction from Berger and Luckmann. From this analysis, it was that through social interaction dialectic of the three forms of reality. It called obtained concepts, ie, objective reality, symbolic reality, and subjective reality. The informations of the construction of LRT in Palembang contributed to the moral duty of the media personnel in implementing ethics communication especially in Islam ethics. The messages are delivered not just a phenomenon, but as an icon of social construction of meaning that had been there in the community. LRT construction is part of a combination of capitalism, socialism and nationalism of this country, this time it starting from the provinces that are in the middle of the island of Sumatra, South Sumatra, especially in urban areas, the city of Palembang.

Review on Malaysian Rail Transit Operation and Management System: Issues and Solution in Integration

In any context, operation and management of transportation systems are key issues which may affect both life quality and economic development. In large urban agglomerations, an efficient public transportation system may help abate the negative externalities of private car use such as congestion, air and noise pollution, accident and fuel consumption, without excessively penalizing user travel times or zone accessibility. Thus, this study is conducted to appraise the Malaysian rural rail transit operation and management system, which are considered important as there are many issues and solution in integration of the services that need to be tackled more conscientiously. The purpose of this paper is to describe some of the most important issues on integration of services and rail transit system in Malaysian and how to solve or reduce these problems and conflicts. In this paper, it consists of the historical development of rail transit construction in Malaysia. This paper also attempts to identify the important issues related to rail transit services and integration in Malaysian rural rail operation and management system. Comparison is also conducted with other countries such as UK, France, and Japan. Finally, a critical analysis is presented in this paper by looking at the possible application for future Malaysian rail transit operation system and management, especially focusing on enhancing the quality of Malaysian rural rail transit. In conclusion, this paper is expected to successfully review and appraise the existing Malaysian rural rail transit operation and management system pertaining to issues & solution in integration. It is also hoped that reformation or transformation of present service delivery quality of the rail transit operation and management will enable Malaysia to succeed in transforming Malaysian transportation system to greater heights.

A financing mode of Urban Rail transit based on land value capture: A case study in Wuhan City

While urban rail transit has gained increasing popularity, there are still many problems related to obtaining financial resources for constructing it in China. It is proved that the Land Value Capture (LVC) theory can provide theoretical support for exploring new financing mode of urban rail transit to solve these problems. This paper reviews the concept of LVC and the existing LVC finance mechanisms, in particular, Joint Development (JD). It is revealed that JD can’t be directly copied and reproduced in mainland China. The characteristics of land acquisition policy as well as the practice of rail transit construction in mainland China are summarized, and based on the findings, the Predetermined Land Reserve Mode (PLR) is proposed. The essence of this proposed mode is to link the reserve of specific land parcels with the relevant rail transit project and ensure it benefits from the predetermined land reserve. Rail transit companies, with the authorizations from the government, can reserve suitable land parcels prior to the planning and construction of the rail transit system so that they can capture the increased land value after the land transfer. PLR is a new finance mechanism based on LVC and it is different from JD under comparative analysis. Analytical results show that PLR has unique advantages. To demonstrate the performance of PLR, a case study of constructing the urban rail transit system in Wuhan City, China, is presented in this paper, and it shows that the PLR is well suited for financing the urban railway systems in cities of mainland China.

Can urban rail transit curb automobile energy consumption?

With the rapid development of China's economy and the speed of urbanization, China's automobile sector has experienced rapid development. The rapid development of the automobile sector has increased energy consumption. According to the results of this paper, automobile energy consumption accounted for about 10.73% of total energy consumption in China in 2015, about 3.6 times the proportion a decade ago. With the deterioration of urban traffic conditions, relying on expanding the amount of vehicles and city road network cannot solve the problem. Urban rail transit is energy-saving and less-polluting, uses less space, has large capacity, and secure. Urban rail transit, according to the principle of sustainable development, is a green transportation system and should be especially adopted for large and medium-sized cities. The paper uses the binary choice model (Probit and Logit) to analyze the main factors influencing the development of rail transit in Chinese cities, and whether automobile energy consumption is the reason for the construction of urban rail transit. Secondly, we analyze the influence of urban rail transit on automobile energy consumption using DID model. The results indicate that the construction of urban rail traffic can restrain automobile energy consumption significantly, with continuous impact in the second year.

The Zhengzhou 27 Subway Station Under Fire Smoke Control Multiple Ventilation Mechanism Perfect Research

As an important facility of modern urban traffic, Metro has the characteristics of large passenger volume, high speed and accurate time. Therefore, in recent years, with the rapid development of urban rail transit construction in our country, the subway line length and passenger traffic volume have been increasing. But along with the development of subway traffic, fire accidents happen frequently. The subway with ventilation conditions, lighting conditions, characteristics of the internal environment is complex, fire safety evacuation and rescue work more difficult, so the fire safety design features of subway tunnel fire and tunnel has become a new research topic.

Urban Rail Transit in China: Progress Report and Analysis (2008–2015)

The rapid and large-scale construction of urban rail transit in China in recent years has drawn worldwide attention. The progress report and analysis would be a good reference for regional urban transit planning and policy, and for financial investment and service improvement in future. This paper offers a high-level summary of infrastructure statistics. In particular, this paper reviewed the spatial service coverage, passenger service performance and operational efficiency of urban rail transit in Mainland China and analyzed the development characteristics, such as the developing scales and multi-type urban rail transit modes based on the Annual Report of the China Urban Mass Transit work from 2008 to 2015. Suggestions and trends for further development of urban rail transit in China are proposed.

Measuring time accessibility and its spatial characteristics in the urban areas of Beijing

Construction of road infrastructure is fundamental to city operation and development, as well as an important pathway and focus in physical urban-rural integration. The long-term implementation of a system of ring roads plus radiating roads in Beijing has strongly impacted urban infrastructure construction and space-time accessibility. Particularly, recent rapid growth of private car ownership in Beijing has imposed greater loads on its road system, seriously hampering urban commuting efficiency and negatively impacting quality of life. To address such challenges and enhance the rapid development of transport infrastructure, Beijing has accelerated rail transit construction since 2008 in an effort to improve commuting capacity. This paper aims to measure time accessibility and its spatial characteristics in urban areas of Beijing by applying a comprehensive method that combines vector and raster attribute data generated from road network and subway transport infrastructure. By using a dual index of accessibility and road density, the study further reveals the features of and differences in spatial accessibility and the construction of road systems in urban areas of the northern and southern parts of Beijing. The findings of this study can provide a scientific basis for future urban planning and road system construction both in general and with respect to Beijing, given its aspirations to become a world city.

INCE/J Vibration Measurement Manual for Buildings—Part 3: Measurement example of building vibrations

The environmental impact on humans in buildings is caused by ground-borne vibration from rail transit systems, road traffic, construction sites, and industrial plants. To estimate the effect of vibration on humans, it is necessary to measure the tri-axial vibrations in the vertical and horizontal directions in buildings specified in ISO 2631-2:2003 or “Vibration Measurement Manual for Buildings” publicized by the Technical Subcommittees on Environmental Vibration Evaluation of The Institute of Noise Control Engineering of Japan. In this measurement example of building vibrations, vibration measurement was carried out for eight hours in a three-story, wooden detached house adjacent to a construction site. The residents perceived discomfort or annoyance from the vibration caused by the demolition work at the construction site. Five vibration measurement devices recorded simultaneously the vibration accelerations on the floor of each story, the concrete substructure and the asphalt pavement surface near the substructure. The 1/3 octave band vibration accelerations of each floor were estimated by the vibration perception threshold range of the vibration measurement manual. The vibration amplifications caused by building structural resonance was evaluated as ratios and level differences in the vibration accelerations measured at the ground near the substructure and floors in the houses.

경량전철사업 시스템엔지니어링 전산모델 검증에 관한 연구

경량전철시스템의 건설은 노선당 수천억 원에서 조 단위의 건설비가 소요되는 대형 복합인프라 사업으로, 건설된 시스템은 장기간 운영되기 때문에 생명주기관점에서 사업을 추진하는 것이 매우 중요하다. 시스템엔지니어링은 고객의 요구를 성공적으로 구현하는 수단 및 방법론으로 경량전철사업과 같은 대형 사업에 매우 유용하다. 이러한 시스템엔지니어링 접근법을 경량전철사업에 적용하기 위해 개발된 전산모델 SELRT(Systems Engineering application model for Light Rail Transit project)가 현장에서 활용되기 위해서는 모델에 대한 검증이 필요하다. 시스템엔지니어링에서의 검증은 시스템요구사항을 만족하였음을 확인하는 것이다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 시스템엔지니어링 방법론에 따라 검증 절차와 검증 아키텍처를 제시하고, 이에 따라 시스템요구사항을 식별하였다. 또한 시스템요구사항을 검증하기 위해 국제 표준규격 등 참조규격을 참고하여 검증요구사항 및 검증항목과 검증기준을 도출하였으며, 검증절차에 따라 SELRT를 시연하고 결과를 검증요구사항과 비교하였다. 그 결과 시스템요구사항과 검증요구사항의 추적성, 검증요구사항별 검증방법, 전산도구의 시연결과가 상호 연결되고, 최초요구사항이 SELRT에 명확히 구현되었음을 확인할 수 있어, 제안된 방법이 SELRT 검증에 유효하며, SELRT도 경량전철사업현장에서 활용될 수 있음이 확인되었다. The construction of a light rail transit (LRT) system is a large and complex infrastructure project involving hundreds of billions of won in construction costs for a single route, and it is very important to carry out such a project from a life-cycle perspective because of its long-term operation. Systems engineering is a means and methodology to successfully implement customers' needs, and it is useful in large projects such as light rail transit. An application model called Systems Engineering for Light Rail Transit (SELRT) was developed to support systems engineering activities in light rail transit projects. In order to utilize SELRT, it is necessary to ensure that system requirements are met. As such, in this paper, we present a verification procedure and architecture based on a systems engineering-based methodology, thereby identifying the system requirements and deriving the verification requirements to confirm the SELRT model for the proposed method. The results show that the traceability of the system requirements and verification requirements, the verification method for each requirement, and the demonstration results for computerized tools are mutually connected, and that the initial requirements are clearly implemented in the SELRT. The proposed method is valid for verifying the SELRT, which can also be utilized in a LRT project.

New challenges in construction mechanics of urban rail transit

This paper aims to raise concerns about construction mechanics. Firstly, operating railway transit at present and scales of ongoing rail transit projects are briefly introduced. Then, major constraints of urban rail transit construction are analysed in two aspects, including complexed geology conditions and strict environmental requirements. Difficulties caused by geology conditions contains excess settlement and overall failure in very soft soil, the delayed ground collapse and cutter wear of shield tunnelling in sandy cobble stratum, construction safety threats in complex stratum, water bearing stratum and gas-bearing stratum. About environmental restrictions, difficulties of constructions crossing existing railways, buildings and cultural relics are summarised. These difficulties challenge construction mechanics in failure behavior descriptions and calculation precisions. In the end, this paper considers that breakthrough in construction mechanics should be seek in mechanical models, shakedown solutions subjecting slight dynamic load, and multi-factor forecasting models.

Analysis on Passenger Distribution Based on Precise Comprehensive Traffic System

Building a comprehensive traffic system is a new pattern and also a necessary choice of China’s traffic development. Based on the background of urban mass construction of rail transit, this paper takes the hidden danger of traffic system as a breakthrough point, focusing on secure guarantee measures, and come up with an idea that we should take the coordination and cooperation between road transit and rail transit as well as internal system of rail transit in the public traffic system as a breakthrough, and build a precise urban comprehensive traffic system. The author has also done a quantitative research on scale of passenger flow which is influenced by operation failures in rail transit network, which is regarded as a key problem of precise comprehensive traffic system.

Study of Rail Transit and Urban Spatial Structure Based on Urban Economics

The spatial changes of utilization intensity of urban lands are decided by the dual substitute relation of transportation costs and rent’s substitute and elements substitute (producer) or consumption substitute (residence). The land use intensity affects the urban spatial form directly. This paper aims to study the relation between construction of rail transit and urban spatial form from the perspectives of urban economics, urban traffic conditions and spatial structure evolution. It takes the metropolitan areas of Tokyo and Singapore as sample cases to analyse the influence of urban development brought by the rail transit.

Intercity Rail Transit and Integrated Development of the Pearl River Delta Urban Cluster: Based on the Perspective of Network Analysis

Intercity rail transit is an important power promoting the integrated development of urban clusters. This paper adopts a social network analysis to analyze the impact of the intercity rail development on the integration of the Pearl River Delta urban cluster in 2010, 2012, and 2020, respectively. The results show that the development of intercity rail transit is generally conducive to enhancing the network development trend of the Pearl River Delta urban cluster, strengthening the inter links and promoting the division of labor within the urban cluster, reinforcing the status of the center cities, thus promoting the integrated development of the Pearl River Delta urban cluster. However, the development of intercity rail transit still cannot break the former core–periphery structure, which may aggravate the unbalanced development among cities. Therefore, on the one hand, accelerating the construction of intercity rail transit is an important path to promote the integrated development of the Pearl River Delta urban cluster; on the other hand, it is necessary to optimize the intercity rail network planning, so that the adverse impact could be mitigated.

A generalized life-cycle cost model for rail transit: making decisions between at-grade mode and underground mode

The life-cycle cost of a rail transit system is critical to decision makers when choosing the appropriate mode, e.g., at-grade versus underground, to build a rail transit system over the past decades in China. This is particularly true when private sectors are involved through alternative delivery methods such as public-private partnerships (PPPs). This article proposes a generalized life-cycle model that considers various attributes of rail transit systems common to big cities in China. Line 1 of Shijiazhuang rail transit was employed as a case study to validate the model, where the life-cycle costs of at-grade and underground mode were analysed using both traditional methods mode and the proposed methodology. The analysis results show that, in terms of the generalized life-cycle cost, the underground mode is preferred over the at-grade mode, which is consistent with the current practices of rail transit construction in China.

Application of Geographic Information System (GIS) in Urban Rail Transit Construction Safety and Operation Monitoring

With the construction and development of urban rail transit, Geographic Information System (GIS), a high performance computer based tool is playing a critical role in research and application of the integrated information management. Through the characteristic analysis of the urban rail transit construction situation and operation status, the paper establishes different geographic information data layers including subway lines, stations, construction schedule, quality risk, operating system and emergency resources. Then, it applies the GIS software and service to realize data display, query and analysis with the corresponding data system, knowledge discovery, and algorithm model. Besides, the paper particularly describes the function application cases of GIS technology in many aspects of urban rail transit, which shows that it can improve the management level and safety quality in different stages.

都市区轨道交通建设与功能布局优化研究—以宁波都市区为例

区域轨道交通建设是促进都市区功能布局优化的重要措施。本文首先分析了区域轨道交通建设对优化都市区功能布局的促进作用，研究分析了宁波都市区整体发展现状，总体评述了宁波都市区交通系统发展的现状与水平，最后提出了宁波都市区区域轨道交通建设的优化建议。 Construction of regional rail transit is of great importance to urban functional layout improvement. This paper first evaluated the overall development of Ningbo metropolitan area, as well as the transportation system development within the region. And then the main existing problems were analyzed for the system, while positive effects of regional rail transit construction on urban functional layout were also pointed out. Finally, the paper made some suggestions to improve re-gional rail transit construction in Ningbo metropolitan area.