Radish Seeds Research Articles

Acute Phytotoxicity and Antifungal Effect of Nanochitosan Particles on Colletotrichum fructicola with Low Susceptibility to Chitosan.

Colletotrichum fungus complex affects several crops and tropical products, which suffer significant losses due to anthracnose. The use of chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs), alone or in combination with bioactive compounds, has been recommend for agronomic applications. However, there is very little information on their phytotoxicity, and there is no information about the effect on microorganisms with low susceptibility to chitosan. This work aims to compare their antifungal effect against isolates of C. fructicola with low susceptibility to chitosan and to study the toxicological effects of CNPs on the germination of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and radish (Raphanus sativus) seeds. Levels of phytotoxicity of high-to-very high and moderate-to-very high were observed for lettuce and radish seeds, respectively, with greater detrimental effects on the radicle elongation after exposure to CNPs concentrations of 4-5g L-1. For the three C. fructicola isolates, the CNPs did not inhibit the fungal growth; however, the cell viability decreased as the CNPs concentration increased, and a complete inhibition of the viability was found for H4-1 and 003 isolates at a CNPs concentration of 5g L-1. Morphometric alterations characterized by a reduction in the average length of the terminal hyphae, distortion, and a higher number of branches in the hyphae, were observed. To our knowledge, this is the first report where the effect of nanochitosan particles in Colletotrichum fructicola, with experimentally proven low sensitivity to chitosan, was studied.

Anthropogenic Impact on Soils of Cities Irkutsk, Angarsk

The morphological field description of soil profiles of the territory of Irkutsk region was carried out. Samples of soils, soil-forming rocks and vegetation were taken for further physical and chemical analyses to determine soil properties in the studied areas. Sample preparation of soils was carried out, phytotoxicity of soils was analyzed. Processing of the obtained data was carried out, as a result of which the percentage of germination of radish seeds in the upper horizons of soils of the key areas of Irkutsk and Angarsk cities was revealed, the length of shoots and the length of roots in the soils of the studied samples were measured, the index of soil toxicity was calculated.

Impact of Ozone Exposure on the Biochemical Composition of Wheat, Broccoli, Alfalfa, and Radish Seeds During Germination

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the use of gaseous ozone (O3) to promote the germination of edible seeds. While its ability to improve seedling vigor and stimulate germination is acknowledged, there has been limited research on the impact of gaseous O3 on the biochemical profile, including phenolic compounds (TPC) and antioxidant activity, of cereals, seeds, and their sprouts. The lack of information has led to the initiation of this study, which aims to assess the impact of ozone treatment duration at a concentration of 50 ppm 1 L min−1, ranging from 1 to 5 h, on the biochemical attributes of broccoli (Brassica oleracea), radish (Raphanus sativus), alfalfa (Medicago sativa) seeds, and sprouts, as well as wheat (Triticum aestivum) grains and sprouts. By optimizing O3 exposure parameters, including duration, this approach has the potential to serve as a valuable tool for enhancing the microbiological and nutritional quality of seeds and cereals. The findings revealed that O3 treatment generally had an adverse impact on TPC in seeds, cereals, and sprouts, resulting in a significant reduction in TPC post O3 treatment. Wheat grains, in particular, displayed the lowest TPC following ozone exposure, with an average decrease of 39.4% compared to the untreated sample. However, it is noteworthy that alfalfa seeds exhibited a positive response to 4 and 5 h O3 treatment, manifesting an average increase in TPC of 13.0% and 27.7%, respectively. In turn, broccoli, radish, and wheat sprouts displayed the lowest TPC, with values of 47.7%, 20.2%, and 18.0% lower than the control samples, respectively. This study revealed that plant responses to O3 exposure varied, and the effects of O3 treatment on TPC levels depended on O3 exposure time. Furthermore, the effect of O3 on the sugar content of the seeds, cereals, and sprouts varied among different plant types, with some showing an increase in content and others showing no substantial changes. This suggests that, depending on the type of seed, O3 may have both positive and neutral effects.

Ozonation combined to BAC filtration for secondary effluent treatment containing moderate concentration of heavy metals

The treatment of industrial and urban effluents is a recognized strategy for environmental preservation, which brings benefits not only to fauna and flora but also to human health. In this paper, the combination effect of ozonation (O3) and biological activated carbon (BAC) filtration treatments on the inorganic contaminants removal, disinfection, and mitigation of toxicity in secondary effluent from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) were evaluated. Disinfection efficiency was evaluated using total coliforms and Escherichia coli inactivation, and toxicity was investigated by Eruca sativa germination, Artemia salina larvae and Daphnia similis. The O3-BAC system was efficient to remove metals, disinfect the samples and reduce toxicity. The combined treatment reduced 99.9 % of the assessed metal concentration and ≥ 96 % on samples enriched with 2x the concentration allowed by Brazilian legislation. O3-BAC also demonstrated superior bactericidal performance compared to BAC and O3 alone, exhibiting a 5-log reduction within 24 h against total coliforms and 4-log reduction in E. coli, whereas BAC and O3 achieved ≤ 3-log inactivation. Regarding toxicity, the bioassays demonstrated that the combined treatment effect improved the relative germination of E. sativa (∼97 %), and the relative root elongation showed no differences compared to the control group (∼100 %). Similar behavior was also observed in the analysis with wheat and radish seeds, with no differences noted between the treated samples and the positive control. In relation to A. salina, no toxic results were observed even at high metals concentration. Additionally, BAC treatment reduced D. similis immobilization from 97 ± 6 % to a level with no observed effect. The observed synergy suggests that the O3-BAC combination may address a variety of pollutants and improve treatment efficacy.

Effect of The Water Origin on The Biological Properties of Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) Aqueous Extracts

Plant extracts, due to the high content of various biologically active compounds, have found their wide application in the foods, pharmaceutical industries, and agricultures, for the production of valuable and useful bioproducts. The aqueous plant extracts are most often used. The effect of the water origin used in their preparation on the extract’s composition has not been studied enough, which limits their use. The study was aimed to compare the biological effect of sage (Salvia officinalis L.) extracts prepared using water of different origins (distilled, tap, spring, bottled). The preparation of aqueous extracts was carried out in two ways, differing in the extraction temperature. In the first method, boiling water was used to prepare the extract; in the second, cooled boiled water was used. The sage leaves mass for extract preparation was 1.65 and 3.30 g. The biological activity of the extracts was assessed by testing them for radish germination. It was shown the sage leaves extracts prepared using various waters origin can differ by one and half times in their allelopathic effect on radish seeds. It was proved the qualitative composition and mass of the substance extracted from the plant depend on the water origin used for extracts preparation. Thus, using the same amount of plant material to prepare extracts, you can increase their biological activity by fifty percent with the right choice of water.

Photosystems functioning, the content of chemical elements, flavonoids and brassinosteroids in leaves of chimera Cornus controversa

he formation of chimera is a well-known phenomenon in variegated ornamental and wild plants, but the biochemical peculiarities of this phenomenon are not well studied. The purpose of this work was to conduct a comparative study of the photosynthetic apparatus functioning, the content of macro-, microelements, flavonoids and brassinosteroids in the variegated and green leaves of the periclinal chimera Cornus controversa plant grown in the collection of M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden of the NAS of Ukraine. Sampling was made during the period from June to October 2022. The content of photosynthetic pigments and brassinosteroids was measured spectrophotometrically, autofluorescence of leaf tissues was studied using an inverted microscope with a multi-channel fluorescence imaging system, Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) – using GreenSeeker devices and fluorimeter, the level of macro- and microelements – using plasma emission spectrometer. Phenolic secondary metabolites were separated by HPTLC. To assess the protective capacity of flavonoids, a bioassay on the germination of radish seeds Raphanus in the presence of AlCl3 was used. It was shown that green leaves of C. controversa chimera, compared to variegated ones, had a twice as high NDVI index, maintained photosynthetic function longer in autumn, and had higher content of macronutrients (Mg, Ca and S) but lower concentration of toxic metals (Al, Cu, Fe, Zn, Ti). Instead, variegated leaves accumulated more brassinosteroids and phenolic metabolites, which were found not only to reduce the toxic effect of aluminum but also to have a growth-stimulating effect on the roots of radish seedlings. Such specialization of green and variegated leaves may contribute to better plant chimeras adaptation to environmental pollution. Keywords: brassinosteroids, Cornus controversa, macroelements, microelements, NDVI index, periclinal chimera, phenolic metabolites, photosynthetic pigments, tissue autofluorescence

Evaluation of the acute phytotoxicity of phototreated textile effluent using cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and radish seeds (Raphanus sativus)

Water, as a vital resource, plays a crucial role in human activities, notably in the textile industry, whose operations can significantly impact the quality of this resource. It is imperative to explore solutions, such as the adoption of advanced oxidative processes, which encompass the degradation of dyes present in effluents through the action of hydroxyl radicals. To evaluate the effectiveness of this treatment, acute phytotoxicity tests are carried out to analyze the responses of plant organisms to the effluents. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the acute phytotoxicity of a natural textile effluent subjected to heterogeneous photocatalysis and homogeneous photo-fenton treatments. Acute phytotoxicity tests were performed with cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and radish (Raphanus sativus) seeds, both for the treated effluent and in natura. The results revealed a sensitivity of cucumber seeds to effluent in natura and resistance to radish seeds. Regarding the phototreated effluents, the results showed an increase in seed germination rate and contributed to enhance this germination. Phytotoxic tests were also carried out with sodium chloride and sodium sulfate, and the toxicity of these substances to cucumber and radish seeds was confirmed.

Influence of Foliar Spray with Different Doses of Zinc (ZnSO4) at Various Crop Stages on Seed Quality Parameters of Harvested Seeds

A laboratory experiment was conducted to analyze the influence of foliar spray and stages of zinc application on seed quality parameters of harvested radish seeds cv. Japanese White in laboratory of the Department of Seed Science and Technology, Dr Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan (HP). There were 12 treatment combinations as 0g/l zinc at bolting stage, 0g/l bolting +14 days after first application, 0g/l at bolting +14days +28 days after first application 1g/l zinc (ZnSO4) at bolting stage, 1g/l bolting +14 days after first application, 1g/l at bolting +14days +28 days after first application, 2g/l at bolting, 2g/l at bolting +14 days after first application, 2g/l at bolting +14 days after first application+ 28 days after first application, 3g/l zinc at bolting stage, 3g/l bolting +14 days after first application, 3g/l at bolting +14days +28 days after first application. The experiment was laid out in CRD (completely randomized design) as well as RCBD( Randomized complete block design) design Among treatment combinations Zn2S1 (2g l-1 at the time of bolting) was found superior in every aspect of quality attributes i.e. 1000 seed weight (14.36g), germination of harvested seeds (85.75%), seedling length (24.20cm), seedling dry weight (11.31mg), seedling vigour index-I (2,075.08) , seedling vigour index- II (966.77), electrical conductivity (0.017 dSm-1), accelerated ageing test (78.25%) and cold test (81.00%).

The Effects of Different Thiol-Containing Compounds on the Degradation of Sulforaphene.

Sulforaphene (4-methylsufinyl-3-butenyl isothiocyanate, SFE), produced by myrosinase hydrolysis of glucoraphenin (4-methylsulfinyl-3-butenyl glucosinolate) found in radish seeds, is strongly associated with cancer prevention. In this study, we investigated the stability of SFE (purity above 98%) under various thiol-containing compounds at 25 °C, such as sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), glutathione (GSH), and cysteine (Cys). We observed that the degradation of SFE was closely related to the presence and dissociation capacity of thiol-containing compounds in the solution, particularly the thiol group. We found that the degradation rate of SFE was influenced by incubation with NaHS, GSH, and Cys, with distinct degradation products detected for each of these thiol-containing compounds. Compared to GSH, sulfide and Cys played important roles in promoting the degradation of SFE. Furthermore, we found substantial quantities of hydrogen sulfide in conjunction with SFE during the hydrolysis process of seeds, and a heat treatment of the seeds resulted in increased production of SFE. However, the introduction of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria to the hydrolytic system did not exhibit any inhibitory effect on the degradation of SFE. These results provided a guideline for industries to improve the stability of SFE during preparation.

Assessment of phytochemicals, antioxidant, anti-hemolytic, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer potential of flowers, leaves and stem extracts of.

To evaluate phytochemicals and in vitro biological potential of flowers, leaves and stem extracts of Rosa arvensis. Presence of twenty secondary metabolites was confirmed and then phenolic and flavonoid contents were quantified spectrophotometrically. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy was conducted to ascertain functional groups and antioxidant potential was examined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity and total reducing power assays. Human erythrocytes were used to assess anti-hemolytic activity and five bacterial strains were examined to determine antibacterial potential of plant extracts. Radish seeds were used to perform phytotoxic activity and cytotoxic potential was evaluated via brine shrimps and PC3 cell lines. Highest phenolic contents were detected in the methanolic extract of Rosa arvensis flower (RAFM) [(151.635 ± 0.005) gallic acid equivalent mg/g] and highest flavonoid contents in the chloroform leaf extract (RALC) [(108.228 ± 0.004) quercetin equivalent mg/g]. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis showed the presence of wide range of functional groups. The antioxidant assays indicated highest DPPH scavenging activity [IC50 (23.5 ± 0.6) μg/mL] in the methanolic stem extract (RASM), highest total antioxidant capacity [(265.1 ± 0.9) μg/mL] in RAFM and highest reducing potential [(209.9 ± 0.6) μg/mL] in leaf extract (RALM). Highest anti-hemolytic activity [(90.0 ± 0.5) μg/mL] was recorded in RAFM and brine shrimp cytotoxicity potential [(52.3 ± 0.3) μg/mL] in RASM. The antimicrobial activity was detected highest [(21.1 ± 0.5) mm inhibition zones] in RALM against Streptococcus aureus. In the end, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activity results depicted less than 50 % inhibition in the methanolic extracts. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings will be helpful in designing pharmaceutical regimens and therefore, more studies can be recommended to isolate and characterize compounds associated with the biological activities of Rosa arvensis.

Usage of an intense electromagnetic field for pre-sowing treatment of oil radish seeds

Usage of an intense electromagnetic field for pre-sowing treatment of oil radish seeds

An exploration of the influence of ZnO NPs treatment on germination of radish seeds under salt stress based on the YOLOv8-R lightweight model

BackgroundSince traditional germination test methods have drawbacks such as slow efficiency, proneness to error, and damage to seeds, a non-destructive testing method is proposed for full-process germination of radish seeds, which improves the monitoring efficiency of seed quality.ResultsBased on YOLOv8n, a lightweight test model YOLOv8-R is proposed, where the number of parameters, the amount of calculation, and size of weights are significantly reduced by replacing the backbone network with PP-LCNet, the neck part with CCFM, the C2f of the neck part with OREPA, the SPPF with FocalModulation, and the Detect of the head part with LADH. The ablation test and comparative test prove the performance of the model. With adoption of germination rate, germination index, and germination potential as the three vitality indicators, the seed germination phenotype collection system and YOLOv8-R model are used to analyze the full time-series sequence effects of different ZnO NPs concentrations on germination of radish seeds under varying degrees of salt stress.ConclusionsThe results show that salt stress inhibits the germination of radish seeds and that the inhibition effect is more obvious with the increased concentration of NaCl solution; in cultivation with deionized water, the germination rate of radish seeds does not change significantly with increased concentration of ZnO NPs, but the germination index and germination potential increase initially and then decline; in cultivation with NaCl solution, the germination rate, germination potential and germination index of radish seeds first increase and then decline with increased concentration of ZnO NPs.

Improving the sowing quality of radish seeds using biological preparations and plant growth regulators

Improving the sowing quality of radish seeds using biological preparations and plant growth regulators

Hydrogen nanobubbles and oxidative windows: Investigating how varying hydrogen concentrations influence seed germination and stress defense

The hydrogen molecule can effectively regulate plant growth and development, improving plant resistance to abiotic stresses. However, studies regarding the optimal concentration of hydrogen and the associated mechanisms of action in organisms are lacking. This study showed that the maximum germination rate of radish seeds decreased from 90 % to 50 % under the stress of cadmium ions (Cd2+), and hydrogen nanobubble (NB) water significantly alleviated the stress effect of Cd2+ on radish seed germination. A hydrogen concentration of 0.8 ppm had the best effect, reducing Cd2+ accumulation in radish seeds by 63.23 % and increasing the maximum germination rate from 50 % to 65 %. At concentrations exceeding 1.2 ppm, the beneficial effect of hydrogen was weakened or even reversed. Consequently, we integrated the concept of the oxidative window into a REDOX balance model and demonstrated that an appropriate hydrogen concentration can effectively maintain the REDOX state within organisms. Transcriptome sequencing analysis revealed that hydrogen NB water modulated Cd2+ absorption and accumulation in seeds by regulating cell wall components, alleviating oxidative stress through oxidoreductase activity, and enhancing nutrient synthesis and metabolism. This collectively alleviated the inhibitory effect of Cd2+ on seed germination. This study is helpful for further understanding the effect of hydrogen concentration on the REDOX balance of seed germination, providing a theoretical basis for selecting hydrogen concentration to improve its effectiveness in agricultural fields.

Impact of radish seeds (Semen Raphani) on the absorption and transportation of ginsenosides in the Caco-2 cell model: a UPLC-ESI-MS analysis

This study examined the impact of Semen raphani on the absorption of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (ginseng) using a Caco-2 cell model and Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS). Six primary ginsenosides (Rg1, Re, Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd) were quantified. Results showed that Semen Raphani increased the efflux rate of ginsenosides, particularly at higher concentrations, suggesting it inhibits their absorption. The research elucidates the intestinal absorption process of ginsenosides and the antagonistic mechanism of Semen Raphani against ginseng.

Evaluación de la calidad del agua subterránea para uso agrícola en Balzar, provincia del Guayas, Ecuador

Water is a natural and vital resource for living beings and ecosystems. Groundwater is of great importance for human consumption and agricultural activities, but over the years, it has become an increasingly scarce resource. The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of groundwater extracted from wells used for crop irrigation in Balzar, province the Guayas, Ecuador. Four treatments and three repetitions were used; groundwater extracted from three wells plus a distilled water core. Physical, chemical, microbiological analyzes and a toxicity test with dark incubation were carried out on seeds of radish (Raphanus sativus), cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and corn (Zea mays). Turbidity exceeded permitted levels under TULSMA regulations and bicarbonate and chlorine levels exceeded the permitted limit. The microbiological analysis reflected fecal coliform values above 1000 UFC.100 mL-1 of water, indicating the presence of contaminants in the water sources. Phytotoxicity tests carried out with radish seeds showed a stimulation of radicle growth in well one and mild toxicity in wells two and three. For cocoa and corn seeds, moderate and mild toxicity was evident, respectively in the three wells. Although the maximum permissible limits were exceeded in some variables, the water from the three wells can be used for irrigation; however, there is a need to take measures to improve the quality of the water in these wells.

The impacts of pullulan soaking on radish seed germination and seedling growth under salt stress.

Pullulan can not only provide a source of organic carbon but also has excellent properties. However, current research is mostly limited to the physical properties of the high-molecular-weight components of pullulan, and little is known about the application of its low-molecular-weight components. This study was designed to explore the impact of presoaking of radish seeds in a pullulan solution on seed germination and subsequent seedling growth under salt stress conditions. Pullulan soaking was found to enhance the germination rates of radish seeds subjected to salt stress, while also enhancing the aboveground growth of radish seedlings. Pullulan soaking resulted in increases in chlorophyll, soluble protein, and soluble sugar concentrations in the leaves of these seedlings, together with greater peroxidase activity and root activity as well as decreases in Na+ and malondialdehyde concentrations. This provides an important reference for the application of pullulan in plant protection.

Production and Quality of Radish Seeds with Sulfur in Top Dressing and Organic Compost at Planting Fertilization

Aims: This study evaluates the effects of top dressing sulfur (S) fertilization, with and without organic compost before planting, on radish seed production and quality. Study Design: Eight treatments were studied in a factorial scheme (4 x 2): four S doses in top dressing fertilization (0, 60, 120, 180 kg ha-1 of S), with or without organic compost (50 t ha-1) in fertilization before seeding. Place and Duration of the Study: The experiment was carried out in the São Manuel Experimental Farm (22°46’ South, 48°34’ West, 740 m above sea level) in the School of Agriculture (FCA) of the Sao Paulo State University (UNESP) located in São Manuel, SP, Brazil. Radish sown happened in April, and harvest and seed analysis occurred in October 2017. Methodology: Radish seeds were manually harvested (188 days after being sown), cleaned, and dried. Evaluations of seed production per plant, weight of 1000 seeds, and seed quality (germination (%), germination first count, germination speed index, and dry weight of normal seedlings) were performed. Results: Applying organic compost increased radish seed production and the weight of 1000 seeds. Where no organic compost was applied, the higher the S dose, the greater the seed production per plant. With organic compost fertilization, the highest seed production and the weight of 1000 seeds were obtained with top dressing fertilization with 68 kg ha-1 of S. Germination and germination speed index were not affected by either factor, organic compost fertilization or S dose. Where no organic compost was applied, the higher the S dose, the lower the leachate level in the electrical conductivity test. Conclusion: The radish base fertilization with organic compost plus top dressing S fertilization (68 kg ha-1) is indicated for radish seed production.

Fabrication of iron nanoparticles using different bioactive precursors, their characterization and bioactivity evaluation

This study deals with the green synthesis of Iron nanoparticles (FeNPs) using plant extracts of Polygonum plebeium (Knotweed) and Camellia sinensis (Green tea), focusing on their antibacterial potential, biocatalytic action as well as prospective applications as nanofertilizers. Plant materials underwent a thorough cleaning and were processed into aqueous extracts. The synthesis of FeNPs involved blending these extracts with ferric chloride solution, resulting in a versatile nanomaterial that was subjected to various characterization techniques, such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, and DLS-Zeta unveiling critical nanoparticle attributes of the synthesized nanoparticles, including the size, crystallinity, morphology, stability, and elemental composition. The synthesized FeNPs exhibited substantial antibacterial activities, against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Additionally, the biocatalytic properties of the synthesized FeNPs were investigated through dye degradation. These nanoparticles further, were demonstrated for their potential as nanofertilizers, enhancing the germination and growth of tomato and radish seeds. The merging of nanotechnology and plant-based synthesis represents a promising intersection with the capacity to revolutionize diverse fields.

Ecotoxicological Evaluation of Two Types of Commercial Detergents on Radish (Raphanus Sativus) Seeds

This study aimed to evaluate the ecotoxicological effect of commonly used liquid and powder detergents on the parameters of germination capacity, root and hypocotyl growth, germination index, and median lethal dose (LD50) in seeds of Raphanus sativus (radish). Seeds were acclimatized under standardized conditions. Bioassays were prepared from a 50% standard solution, obtaining concentrations of 10;20;30;40;40;50 ppm of both detergents, each bioassay followed the completely randomized block experimental design: four replicates, one positive control, six seeds for 72 hours, ANOVA was implemented using Excel 2019. The germination percentage for the powder detergent (A) was 27.67%, while the liquid (B) did not present problems in the development. The root and hypocotyl inhalation for detergent A was 6.75 and 17.65% and B 38.24% and 50.45%, respectively; the germination index for detergent A and B was 5.80 and 38.24%, respectively. The median lethal dose was only 20.27 mg/L for detergent A. It was possible to establish that the increase in the concentrations of the detergents, decreases the determined parameters, consequent of the detergents with surfactants and sulfactants. Keywords: bioassay, germination, ecotoxigenology, Raphanus sativus, detergents, root elongation. Resumen El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar el efecto ecotoxicológico de los detergentes de uso común líquido y en polvo sobre los parámetros de la capacidad de germinación, crecimiento radicular e hipocótilo, índice de germinación y la dosis letal media (DL50) en semillas de raphanus sativus (rábano). Las semillas fueron aclimatadas en condiciones estandarizadas. Se prepararon bioensayos a partir de una solución patrón del 50%, obteniendo concentraciones de 10;20;30;40;50 ppm de ambos detergentes, cada bioensayo siguió el diseño experimental de bloques completamente al azar: cuatro repeticiones, un control positivo, seis semillas durante 72 horas, se implementó el análisis de varianza ANOVA mediante Excel 2019. El porcentaje de germinación para el detergente en polvo (A) fue de 27, 67%, el líquido (B) no presentó problemas en el desarrollo; la inhibición radicular e hipocótilo para el detergente A fue 6,75 y 17,65% y el B 38,24% y 50,45%, respectivamente; el índice de germinación para el detergente A y B: 5,80 y 38,24%, respectivamente. La Dosis Letal Media solo se presentó en el detergente A fue de 20,27 mg/L. Se logró establecer que el aumento de las concentraciones de los detergentes disminuye los parámetros determinados, consecuente de los detergentes con tensoactivos y surfactantes. Palabras Clave: Bioensayo, germinación, ecotoxigología, Raphanus sativus, detergentes, elongación de las raíces.