Radiological Features Of Patients Research Articles

The continuous rise in orbital subperiosteal abscess incidence in the Iranian pediatric population

In this study, we aimed to follow up on the surprising increase in the incidence of orbital subperiosteal abscesses (SPA) reported in the Iranian pediatric population in the post-COVID era. Pediatric patients (≤ 18 years old) diagnosed with orbital SPA following acute sinusitis who were hospitalized between October 1st, 2023, and March 31st, 2024 in Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran, were included. Demographic, clinical, microbiologic, and radiological characteristics of patients were reviewed. During the 6-month study period, 39 patients were admitted to our tertiary referral hospital. The average age of patients was 7.29 ± 4.13 years and 30 patients (76.92%) were male. The ethmoid sinus was involved in 100% of patients, and SPA involvement was in the medial wall in 27 patients (69.23%). The mean volume of SPA was 1.45 ± 1.77 cm3. Nineteen patients (48.72%) underwent surgical interventions, however, 20 patients (51.28%) received only medical treatment. The best corrected visual acuity of patients increased from 0.63 (0.20 LogMAR) on the first day of admission to 0.84 (0.07 LogMAR) according to the Snellen chart in the first month after treatment. It seems that the outbreak of orbital SPA in the Iranian children population in the post-COVID era is an increasing trend.

Reappraising imaging features of pancreatic acinar cystic transformation: be aware of differential diagnoses.

Imaging features of pancreatic acinar cystic transformation (ACT) have been published. We aimed to describe the clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with a presumed pancreatic ACT diagnosis, reappraising the value of these published imaging criteria. Single-center retrospective study (2003-2021) of consecutive patients with a presumed diagnosis of ACT as suggested by the local expert multidisciplinary case review board. Patients without available imaging (CT or MRI) for review were excluded. Patients were classified into "certain" ACT (if ≥ 2 imaging criteria and no differential diagnosis) or "uncertain" ACT (if ≥ 1 imaging criteria and suggested differential diagnoses). Sixty-four patients (35 males, [55%]) were included. ACT was considered "certain" for 34 patients (53%) and "uncertain" for 30 patients (47%). The number of ACT criteria did not differ between groups, with 91.2% of patients with ≥ 3 ACT imaging criteria in the "certain" group vs 93.3% in the "uncertain" group (p = 0.88). In the "uncertain" group, the main suggested differentials were branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm (18/30 patients, 60%), calcifying chronic pancreatitis (8/30 patients, 27%), both (three patients, 10%) and serous cystadenoma (one patient, 3%). Calcifications were significantly more frequent in the "uncertain" group (89% vs 63% in the "certain" group, p = 0.02). Published ACT imaging criteria are frequently associated with features suggesting differential diagnoses. They appear insufficient to reach a final diagnosis in a subset of patients. ACT displays a heterogeneous morphological imaging presentation challenging the non-invasive diagnostic work-up. Physicians' and radiologists' awareness of this entity is important to better understand its natural history and improve non-invasive diagnostic criteria. The criteria to help diagnose ACT are frequently associated with features suggestive of differentials. The main alternatives suggested when ACT diagnosis was "uncertain" were branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm and calcifying chronic pancreatitis. Published ACT diagnostic imaging criteria can be insufficient for a definite non-invasive diagnosis.

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis associated with cancer: analysis of the ACTION-CVT study

Nearly one fifth of patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) have cancer. When both of these conditions occur, especially in cases of cerebral vein thrombosis (CVT), patient management is often challenging. The aim of this study was to compare the characteristics and event courses in patients affected by CVT with and without cancer. Consecutive patients with CVT from the ACTION-CVT cohort study were included if cancer status was reported. Risk factors as well as the clinical and radiological characteristics of patients were compared. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to assess variables associated with cancer. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test, logistic regression analysis, and propensity score matching were used to investigate any association between cancer-related CVT and study outcomes (primary outcome at 3-months: recurrent VTE or major hemorrhage; recurrent VTE; major hemorrhage; recanalization status; all-cause-death). Overall, 1,023 patients with CVT were included, of which 6.5% had cancer. Older age (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.28 per decade increase; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08–1.52) and absence of headache (aOR 0.47; 95% CI 0.27–0.84) were independently associated with cancer. Patients with cancer had a higher risk of recurrent VTE or major hemorrhage (aOR 3.87; 95% CI 2.09–7.16), all-cause-death (aOR 7.56 95% CI 3.24–17.64), and major hemorrhage (aOR 3.70 95% CI 1.76–7.80). Recanalization rates, partial or complete, was not significantly different. CVT patients with cancer were more likely to be older, have no referred headache, and have worse outcomes compared to CVT patients without cancer.

Clinical and Radiological Assessment of Patients with Lung Cancer Using Chest CT Scan: An Observational Study in a Barcelona Hospital, Spain

Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the most common and deadliest types of cancer in the world. Chest CT scan is an important diagnostic tool for detecting and evaluating lung cancer. This study aimed to assess the clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with lung cancer who underwent chest CT scans at Barcelona Hospital, Spain. Methods: This research is a retrospective observational study involving 1059 patients diagnosed with lung cancer who underwent chest CT scans between 2018-2023. Patient data were collected from electronic medical records, including demographic information, clinical symptoms, CT scan findings, and histopathological diagnosis results. Results: The most common clinical symptom was cough (83.0%), followed by shortness of breath (58.8%), chest pain (45.6%), coughing up blood (20.3%), and weight loss (17, 9%). The most common CT scan finding was lung nodules (80.6%), followed by consolidation (39.7%) and pleural effusion (26.9%). The most common histopathologic diagnosis was adenocarcinoma (40.4%), followed by squamous cell carcinoma (29.5%), large cell carcinoma (17.9%), and neuroendocrine cell carcinoma (12.3%). Conclusion: This study provides an overview of the clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with lung cancer who underwent chest CT scans at the Barcelona Hospital, Spain. The findings of this study may help doctors in diagnosing and managing patients with lung cancer.

Identifying the Preoperative Radiological Risk Features in Patients with Leptomeningeal Carcinomatosis Undergoing Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage

Patients with leptomeningeal carcinomatosis (LMC) experience a poor prognosis and rapid progression, and cerebrospinal fluid drainage (CSFD) is used to manage intracranial hypertension and hydrocephalus in LMC patients. This study aims to describe a novel discovery of preoperative radiological features in patients who underwent CSFD for LMC. A retrospective review was conducted during the past 5 years of LMC patients with intracranial hypertension and hydrocephalus who underwent CSFD. We evaluated the patients' preoperative radiological features, clinical characteristics, and survival times. A total of 36 patients were included. Of the 36 patients, 34 underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunting, and 2 patients underwent only external ventricular drainage due to rapid progression. The median preoperative Karnofsky performance scale score was 40.0 (interquartile range [IQR], 20.0-40.0). The median survival time after surgery was 5 months (IQR, 0.00-10.43 months). Of the 36 patients, 24 (66.7%) had supratentorial cerebral edema before surgery, including 14 patients (38.9%) with features of disproportionately enlarged subarachnoid space hydrocephalus (DESH). Four patients (11.1%) exhibited cerebellar swelling and had a median survival time of 0.27 month (IQR, 0.00-0.56 month). Nine patients (25%) have enhancement lesions on the cerebellum. The survival curve analysis shows that patients with features of cerebellar enhancement have shorter survival times than other patients. Patients with DESH features have longer survival times compared with those with global cerebral edema. Patients with radiological features of cerebellar enhancement have shorter postoperative survival than other patients; however, those with supratentorial cerebral edema, especially features of DESH, could benefit from CSFD. Patients with cerebellar swelling should avoid undergoing CSFD.

Spontaneous Intracerebral Hematoma: A Single Center 10-Year Analysis

Objective: In this study, we aimed to contribute to the literature by determining data such as mortality rates, demographic, clinical and radiological characteristics of patients who applied to our hospital's emergency department between January 2011 and December 2020 with the diagnosis of SISH and were operated on in our clinic. Methods:53 patients who were operated on for SISH diagnosis between January 2011 and December 2020 were retrospectively examined. Patients with SISH on brain tomography (CT) were evaluated. Hematoma localization is lobar; those with frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital locations; Those in the thalamic, putaminal and basal ganglia were considered to be deeply located. Patients were divided into three groups according to the Glasgow coma score (GCS): GCS 5–8, GCS 9–12, and GCS 13–15. Results: In our cohort, the patients mean age was 62.8 years (range, 19–92). The overall mortality rate was 62.87%. Age showed no significant association with mortality. Mortality was associated with increased hematoma volume and low GCS score at the first presentation (p < 0.001). In receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, hematoma volume was an important predictor of surgical outcome; the optimal cut-off value of 59.5 cm3 was associated with 84.4% sensitivity and 90.5% specificity (p < 0.001). Similarly, the optimal GCS score cut-off value of 8.5 was associated with a 96.9% sensitivity and 71.4% specificity for predicting mortality (p < 0.001). Conclusions:Low GCS, increased hematoma volume, and especially the presence of concomitant hypertension (HT) are associated with poor prognosis in SISH patients.

Association of autoimmune pancreatitis and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm. A retrospective analysis from a tertiary care referral center

BackgroundAutoimmune Pancreatitis (AIP) is a rare chronic inflammatory disease affecting the pancreas. Chronic pancreatic inflammation represents a risk factor for pre-neoplastic conditions such as Intraductal Papillary Mucinous Neoplasia (IPMN). Due to the rarity of AIP, the incidence, and clinical features of IPMN occurring in AIP patients remains unknown. AimsIn the present study we aimed to explore the relationship between AIP and IPMN and to characterize the clinical features and outcomes of IPMN occurring in the context of AIP. MethodsWe retrospectively (2008–2020) analyzed the clinical and radiological records of a large single center cohort of patients with AIP and investigated the prevalence of IPMN. We then compared the clinical, laboratory and radiological characteristics of patients with IPMN and AIP with a cohort of patients with isolated IPMN. ResultsFive hundred and nineteen patients were included in this retrospective study. Sixteen patients had concomitant IPMN and AIP(3%); 61 patients had isolated AIP (12%); 442 patients had isolated IPMN (85%). The prevalence of IPMN in patients with AIP was higher than that observed in the general population (21%vs8-10%). Worrisome Features and High-Risk Stigmata were more frequently observed in IPMN occurring together with AIP compared to isolated IPMN(p < 0.05). Based on radiological features IPMN in the context of AIP was more frequently of main-duct type compared to isolated IPMN(p < 0.05). ConclusionOur data suggest that AIP represents a chronic inflammatory condition that might favor IPMN development with high-risk features. Prolonged surveillance of these patients and longitudinal studies are required to further test the association with AIP and malignant and pre-malignant conditions.

Analysis of radiological features in patients with post-stroke depression and cognitive impairment.

Post-stroke depression (PSD) and post-stroke cognitive impairment (PSCI) are common complications following a stroke, significantly impacting the quality of life and survival time of survivors. Currently, the comorbidity of PSCI and PSD is receiving increasing attention, as they share some common clinical characteristics, mechanisms, risk factors, radiological features, and treatment strategies. They influence each other, with the clinical prevalence of PSD comorbid with PSCI reaching as high as 26.15 %. The prevention, screening, diagnosis, and treatment of PSD and PSCI require collaboration across clinical, radiological, and neuropsychological evaluations. This paper aims to summarize the common radiological features of both conditions from a radiological perspective, which may aid in identifying early screening and predictive imaging biomarkers.

Clinical characteristics, bacterial coinfections and outcomes in COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis in a third-level Mexican hospital during the COVID-19 pre-vaccination era.

Damage due to respiratory viruses increases the risk of bacterial and fungal coinfections and superinfections. High rates of invasive aspergillosis are seen in severe influenza and COVID-19. This report describes CAPA cases diagnosed during the first wave in the biggest reference centre for severe COVID-19 in Mexico. To describe the clinical, microbiological and radiological characteristics of patients with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis associated with critical COVID-19, as well as to describe the variables associated with mortality. This retrospective study identified CAPA cases among individuals with COVID-19 and ARDS, hospitalised from 1 March 2020 to 31 March 2021. CAPA was defined according to ECMM/ISHAM consensus criteria. Prevalence was estimated. Clinical and microbiological characteristics including bacterial superinfections, antifungal susceptibility testing and outcomes were documented. Possible CAPA was diagnosed in 86 patients among 2080 individuals with severe COVID-19, representing 4.13% prevalence. All CAPA cases had a positive respiratory culture for Aspergillus species. Aspergillus fumigatus was the most frequent isolate (64%, n = 55/86). Seven isolates (9%, n = 7/80) were resistant to amphotericin B (A. fumigatus n = 5/55, 9%; A. niger, n = 2/7, 28%), two A. fumigatus isolates were resistant to itraconazole (3.6%, n = 2/55). Tracheal galactomannan values ranged between 1.2 and 4.05, while serum galactomannan was positive only in 11% (n = 3/26). Bacterial coinfection were documented in 46% (n = 40/86). Gram negatives were the most frequent cause (77%, n = 31/40 isolates), from which 13% (n = 4/31) were reported as multidrug-resistant bacteria. Mortality rate was 60% and worse prognosis was seen in older persons, high tracheal galactomannan index and high HbA1c level. One in 10 individuals with CAPA carry a resistant Aspergillus isolate and/or will be affected by a MDR bacteria. High mortality rates are seen in this population.

Clinical and radiological features of patients with organizing pneumonia caused by nontuberculous mycobacterial: cases reports and literatures review

Clinical and radiological features of patients with organizing pneumonia caused by nontuberculous mycobacterial: cases reports and literatures review

Comparison of Computed Tomography Findings in Lung Tuberculosis in Diabetic and Nondiabetic Patients.

Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the leading infectious causes of mortality globally. The purpose of this research is to examine the clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with TB and diabetes. The research comprised 276 TB patients, 52 of whom were diabetic and 224 of whom were not. During the evaluation of the patients' clinical histories, age, gender, diagnostic indicator, and whether or not they had undergone prior treatment were questioned, as were the requirement of inpatient treatment and the existence of drug resistance. Radiographically, they were questioned in terms of bilateral-unilateral extent, percentage of parenchymal involvement, cavitation, tree-in-bud appearance, the presence of ground glass, consolidation, miliary involvement, sequela fibrotic changes, parenchymal calcification, mediastinal lymphadenopathy, pleural effusion, and pleural calcification. In addition, segmenting was used to assess involvement in the affected lobes. When we look at the results of 276 patients, 182 males and 94 females, the mean age is 46.01 ± 17.83. Diabetes and TB coexistence are more prevalent in male individuals (P = 0.029). Smear positivity and the need for inpatient treatment were found to be higher in the clinical features of diabetic patients (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01, respectively). Radiologically, diabetes individuals are more likely to have larger mediastinal lymph nodes (P = 0.032). In the coexistence of both TB and diabetes, there are variations in radiological findings, complexity in treatment response, and patient management.

Evaluation of Demographic, Clinical, and Radiological Characteristics of Patients with Diabetes in Ischemic Stroke Patients

İskemik inme, dünya çapında sakatlık ve mortalitenin yaygın nedenlerinden biridir ve gelişmekte olan ülkelerde görülme sıklığı artmaktadır. Tip 2 diyabet, akut iskemik inme için iyi tanımlanmış bir risk faktörüdür. Diyabetin iskemik inme sonrası mortalite ve kötü klinik sonuçla ilişkili olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Diyabet ve iskemik inme halk sağlığı sorunlarıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı toplumumuzdaki diyabetli akut iskemik inme hastalarının demografik klinik ve radyolojik özelliklerini belirlemek ve diyabetli hastalarda iskemik inme rekürrensini etkileyen faktörleri belirlemektir. Bu çalışmada 2019-2021yılları arasında Bursa Uludağ Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Nöroloji bölümünde iskemik inme tanısı alan 862 hasta değerlendirildi. Hastaların demografik, klinik ve radyolojik özellikleri kaydedildi. Diyabetik olan ve olmayan hastaların iskemik inme rekürrensine etki eden faktörler sorgulandı. Bu çalışmada diyabetli akut iskemik inme hastalarında koroner arter hastalığı (p

Initial clinical and radiological features of patients with multiple sclerosis in Oman.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a lifelong demyelinating disorder with a varying disease course, resulting in different degrees of physical disability for affected patients. This study aimed to present the initial clinicoradiological features of Omani MS patients presenting to a tertiary care center in Oman. In this retrospective study, all Omani patients diagnosed with MS from January 2006 to December 2020, whose treatment and followup were conducted in our center, were included. Data was retrieved from the patients' medical records. Disability status was assessed according to the Expanded Disability Status Scale. A total of N=155 Omani patients were diagnosed with MS of whom 68.4% were female. The mean age at diagnosis was 28.6±8 years. The mean duration from symptoms to diagnosis was 1.9 years. Relapsing-remitting MS was diagnosed in 97.4% patients. Most common presenting symptoms were unifocal (84.5%), supratentorial (34.2%) and optic pathway (33.5%). At first assessment, 94.8% patients had no to mild disabilities and 3.2% had severe disabilities. During the mean follow up period of 61.2 months, the frequency of severe disabilities increased to 12.9%. Out of 155 patients, 98 (63.2%) had their initial brain magnetic resonance (MRI) report available for review, 62/98 (63%) of whom showed ≥ 20 T2-weighted (T2W) lesions. Of these lesions, 75/98 (76.5%) were periventricular, 66 (67.3%) juxtacortical, and 56 (57.1%) infratentorial. The most common initially prescribed disease modifying therapies (DMT) were interferons (104/155; 67%), followed by fingolimod (16; 10.3%), natalizumab (14; 9%) and dimethyl fumarate (4; 2.6%). The results of this study indicate that the demographic and clinicoradiological features of MS patients in Oman are similar to those reported elsewhere in the Arabian Gulf region.

Clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with plantar fasciitis

Aim: to study the clinical and radiological parameters of patients with plantar fasciitis.Materials and methods: the study involved 91 patients with plantar fasciitis, 73 (80.2%) women, 18 (19.8%) men. The mean age of the patients was 53.42 ± 9.16 years, disease duration was 30.32 ± 8.06 days, BMI was 24.75 ± 4.55 kg/m2. Patients underwent history taking, pain level and quality of life were assessed using the visual analogue scale, the SF-36 questionnaire and the AOFAS scale. The functional state of the feet was assessed using plantoscopy, Y-balance test, Friedland index. X-ray parameters were assessed using magnetic resonance imaging.Results: the disease is common among women aged 51 to 60 years. In 100% of cases, there is no traumatic etiological factor, 42.9% of the subjects note an increase in body weight as the cause, 35.2% – the relationship of the onset of pain with wearing flat shoes; men are more likely to associate the onset of symptoms with an increase in physical activity (83.3%). Subjective sensation of pain on the VAS does not depend on gender (p = 0.280), age (p = 0.509), disease duration (p = 0.371), BMI (p = 0.974). X-ray parameters of patients are characterized in 49.5% by the absence of heel exostosis, in other cases, the development of a heel spur is more typical for women (p = 0.019), its length does not depend on the duration of the disease (p = 0.845), age (p = 0.054), BMI (p = 0.196), lifestyle (p = 0.324) and does not correlate with the severity of pain (p = 0.691). The level of pain is directly proportional to the thickness of the plantar fascia (p &lt; 0.001, ρ = 0.459). Calcaneal edema is observed in 14.3 % of patients, soft tissue edema — in 18.7 %; there was no relationship between calcaneal edema (p = 0.604) and soft tissue edema (p = 0.541) with the severity of pain, and calcaneal edema directly correlates with BMI (p = 0.029).Conclusion: These studies suggest that among the predictors of the development of plantar fasciitis, the most significant are female gender, overweight, wearing flat shoes, and the disease itself is not always a consequence of the development of a heel spur.

Characteristic analysis and identification of novel molecular biomarkers in elderly glioblastoma patients using the 2021 WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors.

Elderly glioblastoma (GBM) patients is characterized by high incidence and poor prognosis. Currently, however, there is still a lack of adequate molecular characterization of elderly GBM patients. The fifth edition of the WHO Classification of Central Nervous System Tumors (WHO5) gives a new classification approach for GBM, and the molecular characteristics of elderly GBM patients need to be investigated under this new framework. The clinical and radiological features of patients with different classifications and different ages were compared. Potential prognostic molecular markers in elderly GBM patients under the WHO5 classification were found using Univariate Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. A total of 226 patients were included in the study. The prognostic differences between younger and elderly GBM patients were more pronounced under the WHO5 classification. Neurological impairment was more common in elderly patients (p = 0.001), while intracranial hypertension (p = 0.034) and epilepsy (p = 0.038) were more common in younger patients. Elderly patients were more likely to have higher Ki-67(p = 0.013), and in elderly WHO5 GBM patients, KMT5B (p = 0.082), KRAS (p = 0.1) and PPM1D (p = 0.055) were each associated with overall survival (OS). Among them, KRAS and PPM1D were found to be prognostic features unique to WHO5 elderly GBM patients. Our study demonstrates that WHO5 classification can better distinguish the prognosis of elderly and younger GBM. Furthermore, KRAS and PPM1D may be potential prognostic predictors in WHO5 elderly GBM patients. The specific mechanism of these two genes in elderly GBM remains to be further studied.

Clinical and radiological characteristics of brain abscess due to different organisms in hospitalized patients: A 6-year retrospective study from China

BackgroundBrain abscess (BA) is a rare but life-threatening infection. Early identification of the pathogen is helpful to improve the outcomes. This study aimed to describe the clinical and radiological features of patients with BA caused by different organisms. MethodsA retrospective, observational study of patients with known etiologic diagnosis of BA in Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University in China between January 2015 and December 2020 was conducted. Data on patient demographics, clinical and radiological presenting features, microbiological results, surgical treatment, and outcomes were collected. ResultsSixty-five patients (49 male, 16 female) with primary BAs were included. Frequent clinical presentations included headache (64.6%), fever (49.2%) and confusion (27.3%). Streptococcus viridans was associated with thicker wall of abscesses (6.94 ± 8.43 mm for S. viridans versus 3.66 ± 1.74 mm for other organisms, P = 0.031) and larger oedema (89.40 ± 15.70 mm for S. viridans versus 74.72 ± 19.70 mm for other organisms, P = 0.023). The independent factor associated with poor outcome identified by multivariate analysis was confusion (Odds ratio 6.215, 95% confidence interval 1.406–27.466; P = 0.016). ConclusionsPatients with BAs caused by Streptococcus species had nonspecific clinical signs, but specific radiological features, which might be helpful for early diagnosis.

Clinical and radiological characteristics of patients with spontaneous and post-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage: A retrospective observational study

Background/Aim. Several serious complications can accompany both spontaneous and post-traumatic sub-arachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) such as the development of intracranial hypertension, hydrocephalus, re-bleeding, cerebral hypoxia, cerebral vasospasm, impaired pituitary function, electrolyte imbalance, and electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities. Although there is a declining trend in mortality, the treatment of SAH and its complications represents a challenge even in imposing neurosurgical centers. The aim of the study was to compare some clinical characteristics and complications between spontaneous and post-traumatic SAH. Methods. The retrospective study included 138 patients treated at the Department of Neurosurgery from January 2018 to January 2023. There were 71 patients with spontaneous and 67 patients with post-traumatic SAH. Results. A predominance of spontaneous SAH in female and post-traumatic SAH in male patients (p &lt; 0.001) was found. There was a statistically significant difference in the frequency of hydrocephalus between groups of spontaneous and post-traumatic SAH patients (p = 0.013). Cerebral vasospasm was significantly more prevalent in patients with spontaneous SAH (p &lt; 0.001). A statistically significant association was also obtained between the thickness of the coagulum in these two groups (p &lt; 0.001). Patients with spontaneous SAH were significantly more likely to have a negative T wave in E CG findings (p &lt; 0.001). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference regarding electrolyte imbalance in these two groups of patients with SAH. Conclusion. There were statistically significant differences between gender distribution, the frequency of abnormal ECG findings in the form of a negative T wave, greater coagulum thickness, vasospasm occurrence, and a higher rate of hydrocephalus in patients with spontaneous SAH compared to patients with post-traumatic SAH.

Differential diagnostics of disseminated processes in the lungs

Introduction. Disseminated lung disease (ZL) is a hetero-geneous group of pathological conditions, the common feature of which is the radiological syndrome of pulmo-nary dissemination. The purpose of this study was to study clinical and radiological features in patients with pulmonary TB and mycobacteriosis. Research materi-als and methods. Medical records of 183 patients with a diag nosis (upon admission to the clinic) of disseminat-ed lung process of unknown etiology (ICD10-Z03.0) were analysed at the pulmonary TB therapy department. The diagnosis was verified in all patients: disseminated pul-monary tuberculosis proven in 91 patients, mycobacte-riosis of the respiratory organs in 59 patients, sarcoidosis of respiratory organs in 20 patients, nonspecific inflam-mation in 7 patients, oncology in 5 patients, and silico-sis in 1 patient. Subsequently, 150 patients with proven mycobacterial infection were analyzed. Results. Upon comparison, honestly significant differences between tuberculosis and mycobacterial infection (mycobacteri-osis) have been established: tuberculosis is significantly more common in men, with the lesion, as a rule, of the upper lobe localization (82.4%), positive tests (Diaskin and Tspot) were found in 89%, bronchiectasis was signifi-cantly less common in patients with tuberculosis. In all patients with tuberculosis, the diagnosis was confirmed positive culture for MBT or MBT DNA by PCR. Conclusion.Mycobacterial infections of the lungs (tuberculosis and mycobacteriosis) have statistically significant differences in patients’ gender, lesion localization, presence of bron-choectases, and the results of such tests as Diaskin and Tspot

Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy in Adult Patients With COVID-19: A Systematic Review of Case Reports and Case Series.

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare neurological disorder that is often associated with viral infections. Since the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a few COVID-19-associated ANE cases have been reported. Since very little is known about ANE, the present study aimed to determine the clinical, biochemical, and radiological characteristics of affected patients. A search was conducted on PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases for articles published up to August 30, 2022 using relevant keywords. Case reports and series in the English language that reported ANE in adult patients with COVID-19 confirmed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were included in this study. Data on the demographic, clinical, laboratory, and radiological characteristics of patients were extracted and analyzed using the SPSS software (version 26). The study included 30 patients (18 males) with COVID-19 and ANE who were aged 49.87±18.68 years (mean±standard deviation). Fever was the most-prevalent symptom at presentation (66.7%). Elevated C-reactive protein was observed in the laboratory assessments of 13 patients. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging were the most-common radiological modalities used for brain assessments. The most commonly prescribed medications were methylprednisolone (30%) and remdesivir (26.7%). Sixteen patients died prior to discharge. The diagnosis of COVID-19-associated ANE requires a thorough knowledge of the disease. Since the clinical presentations of ANE are neither sensitive nor specific, further laboratory and brain radiological evaluations will be needed to confirm the diagnosis. The suspicion of ANE should be raised among patients with COVID-19 who present with progressive neurological symptoms.

Comparison of demographic, clinic and radiological features of patients with axial spondyloarthritis accompanying familial Mediterranean fever to patients with each condition alone

Objective To compare the demographic, clinical, and radiological features of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) accompanying familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) to patients with each condition alone. Method Hacettepe University Hospital database was screened regarding ICD-10 codes for FMF (E85.0) and axSpA (M45). The diagnosis of FMF was confirmed by Tel-Hashomer criteria, and axSpA by the presence of sacroiliitis according to the modified New York criteria or active sacroiliitis on magnetic resonance imaging. As control groups, 136 gender-matched, consequent FMF patients without axSpA and 102 consequent axSpA patients without FMF previously treated with any biological agents were included in the analysis. Results In patients with FMF + axSpA compared to the axSpA group, age at axSpA symptom onset and age at diagnosis were lower [median with interquartile range (IQR): 21 (17–30) vs 27 (21–37), p < 0.001; 23 (21–38) vs 32 (24–43) years, p = 0.001], moderate to severe hip disease and total hip replacement were more prevalent (23.4% vs 4.7%, p < 0.001; 11.2% vs 2.8%, p = 0.016). In patients with FMF + axSpA compared to the FMF group, age at FMF symptom onset and age at diagnosis were higher [13 (6–30) vs 11 (5–18), p = 0.057; 23 (13–33) vs 18 (10–31) years, p = 0.033] and amyloidosis was more prevalent (6.6% vs 2.2%, p = 0.076). Although the M694V variant (in one or two alleles) was more prevalent in the FMF + axSpA group, the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion In patients with FMF + axSpA, the age of onset of axSpA was significantly earlier, moderate to severe hip involvement and amyloidosis were more common than in patients with each condition alone.