RFID Research Articles

Self-Aligned Ionic Doping of TiO2 Thin-Film Transistors for Enhanced Current Drivability via Postfabrication Superacid Treatment.

Oxide semiconductor thin-film transistors (TFTs) have shown great potential in emerging applications such as flexible displays, radio-frequency identification tags, sensors, and back-end-of-line compatible transistors for monolithic 3D integration beyond their well-established flat-plane display technology. To meet the requirements of these appealing applications, high current drivability is essential, necessitating exploration in materials science and device engineering. In this work, we report for the first time on a simple solution-based superacid (SA) treatment to enhance the current drivability of top-gate TiO2 TFTs with a gate-offset structure. The on-current of these transistors is limited by the relatively low mobility of TiO2 due to its d-orbital conduction nature. It is found that the on-current of TiO2 TFTs is nearly doubled via a quick dip in a SA solution at room temperature in ambient air. A series of experiments, including comparative I-V measurements of TFTs with different treatments and gate structures, C-V measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, and device simulation, were performed to uncover the underlying reason for the current enhancement. It is believed that the protons (H+) from SA are doped into the offset region of TiO2 TFTs, forming an electron double layer and thus boosting the on-current, with the top gate serving as a self-aligned mask for ionic doping. Furthermore, the ionic size and the proportion of the offset region to the channel play crucial roles in the effectiveness of ionic doping, while the position of the incorporated ions, whether in the channel or dielectric, may result in distinct shifts in the turn-on voltage (VON) and affect the functionality of ionic doping. This study provides a pathway for enhancing the current drivability of TiO2 TFTs via selective ionic doping enabled by SA treatment and deepens our understanding of ion incorporation in electronic devices. This approach could be applicable to other material systems and may also benefit TFTs with miniaturized dimensions, thus opening up unprecedented opportunities for TiO2 TFTs in future applications requiring high current drivability.

Exploring radio frequency identification tools for sustainable construction projects: a hybrid structural equation modeling and deep neural network approaches

Exploring radio frequency identification tools for sustainable construction projects: a hybrid structural equation modeling and deep neural network approaches

SP6.3 - Comparison of three new wireless non-radiation techniques for localization of non-palpable breast cancer - an updated systematic review and pooled meta-analysis

Abstract The method for finding non-palpable breast cancers has evolved due to technological advancements. New wire-free techniques have made implantation and retrieval easier with improved oncological outcomes. Although some evidences are available as to reduced requirement for re-operation with wireless techniques when compared to wire, in current clinical practice, the choice of selection amongst wireless technique depends on clinician preference and there is a lack of consensus. The objective of current systematic review and meta-analysis is to assess the clinical effectiveness between three new wireless non radiation localisation techniques, such as Magseed (Magnetic seed), Radiofrequency identification tag (RFID) and Savi-scout reflector localization from published literature over the last 3 years. Literature search as per PRISMA guidelines revealed twenty-six studies from 2020 to 2022 involving 6275 innovative agents analysing the 3 groups were identified. Statistical analysis using Medcalc software showed a pooled positive margin rate of 12.28% (95% CI, 10 -15%) and a re-excision rate of 11.29% (95%CI, 9 -14%) for all 3 innovative technique combined whereas studies that compare innovative techniques with wire, showed higher positive margin rate of 14.87% (95% CI, 12-18%) and re-excision rate of 16.23% (95% CI, 14-18%) for wire localization, along with considerable heterogeneity. In sub group analysis with Kruskal-Wallis test, there were no statistical significance for margin (p 0.797) and re-operation (p 0.464) rates between each group. Consolidated insertion and retrieval success for innovative group were 98.13% and 99.13% respectively. To establish the best localization approach, future RCT's will be required to assess quantitative cost-effective analyses.

Heart Rate Variability Estimation based on RFID Tag-Pair in Dynamic Environments

With the rapid development of smart healthcare, accurate Heart Rate Variability (HRV) estimation for the early detection of diseases has become a hot research topic. Advanced work uses the wireless signal to estimate the heartbeat in a contact-free way, which usually cannot separate multiple users or work in a dynamic environment. In this paper, we propose a lightweight heartbeat-sensing method based on RFID tag pairs, which focuses on HRV extraction in a more general sensing scenario. Based on the tag-pair design, we build a novel heartbeat and respiration model to describe the signal relationship between the two tags from the time and space domains. Based on the model, we propose a Calibrated Temporal-Spatial IQ-Shaping-based signal cancellation algorithm to cancel the respiration and extract the heartbeat. To remove the interference in dynamic measurement, we build an IQ-based signal model via a Principal Component Analysis-based interference estimation. To reduce the statistical error in HRV extraction, we further design a neural network to predict the HRV index. We have implemented a system prototype in a real environment with COTS RFID devices. Extensive experiments show that our system can achieve a median RMSSD error of 7.51ms, which satisfies the medical demand in HRV measurement.

Tomato Plant Residues, a Sustainable Fiber Source for Cardboard Packaging

Cardboard packaging is a good example of sustainable material use, yet even more sustainable solutions are available, such as replacing wood fibers with those from alternative sources like agricultural waste. In our research, we produced paperboard from fibers obtained from waste tomato stems using a pilot paper machine, and its basic, surface, and mechanical properties were then determined. Additionally, we produced corrugated cardboard from the tomato fiber-based paperboard and analyzed its performance under different environmental conditions. A comparative analysis was made with commercial corrugated cardboard to determine the differences in mechanical properties and the quality of the prints made using the flexographic printing technique. The results indicated that the properties of tomato fiber-based paperboard and corrugated cardboard are sufficient for many packaging applications. Analyses showed that the mechanical properties of both commercial and corrugated cardboard produced from tomato stems were affected by the environmental conditions, while the change in print quality was minor. Exposure to high humidity had a much greater effect than exposure to low temperature. High humidity lowered the tensile and bursting strength and resistance to compression, resulting in decreased strength and stiffness, while low temperature had a less severe effect. Nevertheless, corrugated cardboard made from tomato-based paperboard can be used for storage of fresh produce locally, as well as for transport packaging, provided the transport box is designed to address its poor stacking strength. The print quality of this cardboard is also suitable for transport packaging, and the readability of the UHF RFID tags remains satisfactory. The findings of this study have significant implications for the development of sustainable materials. The successful use of tomato stems, a waste product from agriculture, in the production of corrugated cardboard supports the circular economy by turning waste into a valuable resource.

Multilevel Printed Wearable Radio-Frequency Intelligent Identification Platform for Object Recognition.

As a noncontact target recognition technique, radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology demonstrates attractive potential in constructing human-machine interaction (HMI) systems. However, the current development of RFID technologies in HMI systems is hampered by critical challenges in manufacturing high-performance RFID readers with superior flexibility and wearing comfort. Hence, we propose a multilevel printing strategy to overcome the difficulties in manufacturing high-performance large-scale microwave systems. Compared to traditional processes, the RFID system fabricated by the hybrid additive manufacturing technique exhibits equivalent electromagnetic performance and has obvious advantages in terms of manufacturing cost and environmental friendliness. A printed reconfigurable antenna with intelligent radiation mode is seamlessly integrated with the reader circuit via a "one-step" printing technology. Additionally, through chemical doping and artificial intelligence (AI) prediction, we have developed a modified polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) encapsulation to miniaturize the system volume and enhance reliability. Electromagnetic and mechanical measurements demonstrated that our flexible RFID platform offers superior reliability and stability during long-term daily use. The RFID platform possesses exceptional capabilities in target positioning and accurate identification, demonstrating unique potential in noncontact sensing and recognition, which are highly demanded by flexible and wearable HMI systems.

A novel testing method for ultra-low-frequency vibration signal based on passive radio frequency tag sensing.

Ultra-low-frequency vibration is prevalent in many critical research fields. Nevertheless, for ultra-low-frequency vibration signals below 1Hz, there is currently a lack of a cost-effective and efficient measurement method. A new ultra-low-frequency vibration signal testing method based on the passive radio frequency tag phase is proposed using the Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) sensing method. By employing vibration detection on ultra-low-frequency vibration signals, the effectiveness of the proposed approach across different frequencies is validated while thoroughly considering factors such as measurement range, precision, distance, and occlusion effects. The results indicate that this method can accurately measure ultra-low frequency vibration signals as low as 0.01Hz, with an average relative error of only less than 1.5% for all measurement results, and the error decreases with increasing detection frequency. For the measurement of a 1Hz vibration signal, the average relative error is less than 1%. In addition, the measurement accuracy remains unaffected by distance or occlusion. Sensitivity and stability tests are also conducted. Continuous monitoring for 8 hours demonstrates the excellent measurement stability of the proposed method. Finally, a performance comparison has been made with laser displacement sensors commonly used in non-contact ultra-low-frequency measurement methods. The results show that the RFID sensing method can detect lower vibration frequencies and has a larger amplitude measurement range and better environmental adaptability. Overall, for ultra-low-frequency vibration, this method offers advantages such as high precision, passive non-contact operation, non-line-of-sight path monitoring, affordability, and convenience. These attributes render it suitable for extensive application in various engineering scenarios requiring ultra-low-frequency vibration testing.

Securing high-value electronic equipment: an internet of things driven approach for camera security

<p>This article addresses pressing challenge of securing high-value electronic equipment, notably cameras, which face dual threats of damage in high humidity conditions and theft due to their significant market value. To confront these issues, the study introduces innovative internet of things (IoT)-driven approach aimed at strengthening conventional storage box security. Central to this approach is integration of IoT technologies, such as Arduino and ESP32, to develop advanced safety storage box. This enhanced system features essential hardware components, including buzzer, password-protected keypad, radio frequency identification reader, and DHT11 sensor for humidity monitoring. Additionally, mobile alarm system is incorporated to promptly alert owners of any detected movement vibrations, thereby augmenting security measures. By leveraging these components, proposed methodology seeks to mitigate risks associated with camera theft and fungal contamination, thereby advancing electronic device security. The expected outcome is marked enhancement in protection of high-value electronic equipment, particularly cameras, through continuous real-time monitoring and proactive security measures. This research underscore’s critical role of IoT technologies in fortifying security measures for valuable electronic assets, contributing significantly to ongoing discourse on innovative strategies in field. Through its comprehensive approach, this study aims to offer practical solutions to mitigate security risks and safeguard electronic equipment against potential threats, thereby addressing critical need in realm of electronic device security.</p>

A Lightweight Segmented RFID Tag Antenna With a Combined Ferrite Core for Underground Applications

A Lightweight Segmented RFID Tag Antenna With a Combined Ferrite Core for Underground Applications

MEDROBO: Automated Medicine Delivery and Patient Monitoring System

The research aims to develop an innovative solution to automate the delivery of medicine to patients and monitor their vital parameters in healthcare facilities. Traditional methods often rely on human interventions for medicine delivery and patient monitoring, leading to inefficiencies and potential errors. To address these challenges, the proposed study introduces a robotic system capable of line-following method and real-time health parameter monitoring. The core functionality of the system revolves around a robot equipped with various sensors. The robot navigates hospital corridors by following predefined lines, allowing it to reach patients’ rooms without human assistance. RFID tags attached to patient beds facilitate the robot in identifying and locating specific patients, ensuring accurate medicine delivery. Furthermore, the robot integrates vital sign monitoring capabilities, including heart rate, Spo2, blood pressure, and temperature.

Extended segmentectomy for intersegmental lesions with intraoperative surgical margin assessment by radiofrequency identification markers

ObjectiveWe developed a technique to determine deep surgical margins using radiofrequency identification markers. This study assessed the feasibility of this technique during extended segmentectomy of intersegmental lesions. MethodsA single-center, prospective, single-arm study was performed from 2020 to 2023. Small pulmonary lesions suspicious for malignancy locating the virtual intersegmental plane based on 3-dimensional imagery were included. Markers were placed in the vicinity of the lesions using electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy. In addition to indocyanine green injection, surgeons used wireless signal strength to determine the best resection line without lung palpation to obtain surgical margins of 10 mm or the same size as the tumor. ResultsWe analyzed 75 lesions in 75 patients. Median lesion size and depth from the pleura were 12.0 mm and 23.6 mm, respectively. Three-dimensional imagery identified lesions at a median distance of 7.0 mm from the virtual intersegmental plane. The median marker-lesion and marker-virtual intersegmental plane distances were 5.8 mm and 4.9 mm, respectively. Complex segmentectomy was performed in 64 of 75 patients (85.3%). The indocyanine green and preoperative simulated intersegmental lines agreed in 92.0% (69/75). In 6 cases (8.0%), the resection line was determined using radiofrequency identification markers to obtain adequate margins because the indocyanine green undyed area was smaller than the preoperatively simulated one. In 1 patient, planned segmentectomy was converted to lobectomy because of a misplaced radiofrequency identification marker (1.3%). The successful tumor resection rate was 98.7%. The median surgical margin was 16.0 mm. ConclusionsUse of radiofrequency identification markers enabled precise extended segmentectomy with adequate surgical margins.

Rfid Technology in Library and Information Science

The radiofrequency identification system (RFID) makes it possible for devices like computers or machines to automatically recognize things, record metadata, or control certain targets. A technique called Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) makes it possible to identify objects without a direct line of sight. For administering the automated library and detecting theft, libraries are using the most recent technologies. The inventory, issuance, and return status of books, gadgets, and other objects in the library can all be monitored with the help of RFID systems. Additionally, it ensures that your library is secure and that no priceless resources are stolen from it. The library management system receives the ID number from the RFID system and uses it to retrieve the book, check it out, and produce a receipt. When a visitor returns a book, the tag responds with the ID number, and the system credits the user's account. The automated identification of library documents involved in a certain technical process requires reading data from the tag memory located in the working region of the RFID reader. Radio-frequency labels of the same type as the library labels but not those can also fall within the reading zone at the same time. Libraries must make sure that their RFID systems adhere to all applicable laws, keep them updated often, and instruct their employees and visitors on how to use them effectively.

Design and research of multi-information fusion RFID sensor for fruit and vegetable quality detection.

With the increasing demand for fruits and vegetables in the market, the development of cold chain logistics has put forward higher requirements for the quality of fruits and vegetables in storage. To ensure the freshness of fruits and vegetables during storage and transportation and avoid unnecessary loss, it is necessary to conduct real-time detection of their odor to ensure their quality. Therefore, based on nano-composite materials combined with Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology, this paper designs an integrated RFID sensor that can simultaneously detect temperature, carbon dioxide, and ethanol concentrations. The test results show that the sensor has a high sensitivity of 0.25dB/°C, 0.011dB/ppm, and 0.65MHz/ppm for detecting temperature, carbon dioxide, and ethanol concentration, respectively. The sensor also uses Printed Circuit Board (PCB) technology to make the sensor base, which has the advantages of low cost, easy portability, and mass production capability. The results obtained evidencethat the system meets the requirements of environmental monitoring for fruit and vegetable storage, runs stably, and has a high use value.

Smart Car Parking System

In this fast-growing economy, the number of vehicle users is growing tremendously, wasting a significant amount of time and fuel while searching for an available parking space. This work highlights the optimum utilization of parking slots without the physical intervention of humans by making use of an IoT-integrated embedded system. This study aimed to create a mobile application for car parking that uses NodeMCU as the Microcontroller, which is further integrated with Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) and the Internet of Things (IoT) to detect available parking slots, saving people’s time. When combined with an interactive mobile application, this technology provides an efficient solution by highlighting the availability and occupancy of parking spaces as green and red, respectively. It contributes to enhancing the quality of life of people living in congested metropolitan cities by digitizing the conventional parking system.

Redefining Libraries with Technology: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

Redefining Libraries with Technology: Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)

Cite_Stema SA Atendansiya: Modernizing Cite Students Attendance System with RFID Technology

In an era of technological advancements, the traditional practice of recording attendance through pen and paper in educational institutions is giving way to innovative solutions. This project focused on developing and implementing a Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) based attendance system in the College of Information Technology and Engineering, Notre Dame of Midsayap College, to address the challenges associated with the manual attendance process in school or departmental activities. The conventional penand-paper method has faced human error, time-consuming record-keeping, and limited accessibility. These limitations prompted the department to develop an RFID-based system to improve efficiency and enhance data accessibility. The RFID-based attendance system has the potential to revolutionize education and bring attendance management into line with modern digital technologies.

Spatial and temporal variability of movements among sympatric salmonids in an unfragmented inland watershed

AbstractObjectiveOur aim was to determine the movement patterns of three abundant salmonids—Brown Trout Salmo trutta, Mountain Whitefish Prosopium williamsoni, and Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus mykiss—in the Smith River watershed of Montana.MethodsWe tagged 7172 fish with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags, monitored their movements past 15 stationary PIT arrays over 4 years, and located tagged fish between arrays by conducting mobile surveys.ResultMovement patterns varied seasonally, among species, and among locations. Movement was greatest in the middle portion of the watershed, which included a pristine main‐stem canyon and lower reaches of major tributaries. Fish rarely left the canyon, but movement into the canyon from other regions was common. Mountain Whitefish were most likely to move, and Brown Trout were least likely to move. Most fish travelled less than 10 km, but some fish travelled over 100 km. Distinct movement patterns were not evident; rather, a continuous spectrum of movement behaviors was apparent. Movements by Mountain Whitefish and Rainbow Trout increased during their spawning periods. Movements peaked when mean daily water temperatures were between 11.3 and 17.1°C.ConclusionMovements were diverse and probably contributed to metapopulation dynamics, population resiliency, and species diversity. Fish movements along stream networks connect populations across diverse landscapes, and therefore, protecting and restoring stream connectivity along inland streams such as the Smith River is critical to maintaining productive fish assemblages.

Radiofrequency as a method of localizing impalpable breast lesions

BackgroundThe incidence of early stage breast cancer has risen as a result of increased detection of non-palpable tumors through the implementation of screening programs and greater public awareness. Performing breast-conserving surgery can be challenging due to the need for accurate localization of non-palpable breast lesions, particularly given the logistical difficulties associated with wire localization. After implementing a new technique for localizing non-palpable breast lesions (LOCalizerTM Radiofrequency identification TAG-Hologic®), a radiofrequency identification tag localization device manufactured by Hologic, Inc. in Marlborough, MA, was launched in 2017, our objective was to investigate its impact on surgical outcomes, whether there was an increase in re-excision rates for positive margins and whether the attainment of clear margins was dependent on the exact positioning of the RFID device. MethodA single-center single-arm interventional study, data were gathered both in a forward-looking manner for 1 year (prospectively) and by looking back at past records for 1 year (retrospectively) for a total period of two years. Individuals who were diagnosed with non-palpable breast lesions, as confirmed by histological analysis, or invasive breast cancer and who were scheduled to undergo breast-conserving surgery were eligible for inclusion in the study. The RFID (Radiofrequency Identification) method was used to localize the lesions prior to surgery. Either with a mammogram or ultrasound scan position of the Tag was recorded, including the distance of the lesion from the center of the lesion and the lesion depth from the skin in millimeters. The rate of re-excision was documented and examined in relation to the parameters mentioned above. ResultsTwo hundred and twenty RFID Tags were inserted in two hundred and seventeen (three patient had bilateral tags insertion), patients aged between 30 and 85 had a localizer Tag inserted between Oct 2020 and Oct 2022. Three patients had non-palpable breast lesions in both breasts. Fourteen were inserted under stereotactic guidance and two hundred and six under ultrasound guidance. Ten patients subsequently had wire insertion also due to Tag position. Of 210 procedures, RFIF Tags within the lesion was seen in hundred and sixty patients (76.19 %). An additional 50 procedures were performed using the RFID Tag system, which were not directly related to the lesion but were deemed appropriate to proceed with.Out of a total of 220 procedures, positive margins were observed in 38 cases (17.27 %). Among these cases, eleven (28.94 %) involved the use of the RFID Tag system, not within the lesion but adjacent to it (within 15 mm surrounding the lesion). ConclusionRFID is a good alternative to wire localization of non-palpable breast lesions. Re-excision rates are higher in patients with Tag outside the lesion compared to those with Tag within the lesion.

Design of a Novel RFID Reader for Oilwell Downhole Applications

RFID (Radio Frequency Identification), which transmits control data through electronic tags in a non-contact manner, provides a new approach for efficient and low-cost remote control of oil downhole tools. However, the interference of harsh downhole environments and the high-speed movement of tags seriously affect the performance of the current downhole reader. To effectively address this issue, in this study, a novel downhole RFID reader is presented. By introducing the half-duplex communication protocol to replace the current full-duplex communication protocol in the hardware circuits of the reader, its tag recognition ability can be improved. Then, the corresponding hardware circuits and software programs are designed. Furthermore, a sparse solenoid antenna is adopted to replace the traditional tightly wound solenoid antenna, which can provide a longer reading area range to cope with the high-moving tag, and its total length and spacing parameters between adjacent coils are designed in detail. The test results show that the proposed RFID reader based on a half-duplex communication protocol can communicate with tags normally, and its sparse solenoid antenna provides significantly more tag reading times than traditional tightly wound solenoid antennas under the same antenna inductance.

Digitalisation opportunities for livestock welfare monitoring with a focus on heat stress

Rising global temperatures due to climate change pose an increased risk of heat stress (HS) in livestock, which requires accurate prediction methods to improve animal welfare and mitigate heat-related economic losses. In this literature review, we aimed to critically examine the potential of digitalisation in precision livestock farming from the perspective of assessing heat stress in cattle. Particular attention was paid to the possibility of using sensors to record changes in behaviour, physiological parameters, and feed and water consumption as predictors for detecting and preventing heat stress and its consequences in animals. The use of already proven sensors, such as those that record animal behaviour, to assess physiological parameters related to heat stress may be promising, using innovative data processing technologies, which requires additional investigation in future studies. Precision livestock farming (PLF) technologies that enable real-time monitoring of herds under specific conditions, such as disease or stress, play a key role in increasing the efficiency of herd management. Sensors, cameras, microphones, GPS, accelerometers and RFID tags are commonly used to collect data on animal behaviour and physiological parameters, helping to detect stress. Machine learning algorithms applied to sensor data can distinguish between different states of declining cow welfare, helping farmers make quick decisions. In summary, the integration of sensors, artificial intelligence and precision devices can help prevent heat stress in farm animals, improving animal welfare and productivity, while mitigating the negative effects of heat stress caused by climate change.