Radiobacter Infection Research Articles

Rhizobium radiobacter infection in a preterm infant and review of the literature

Rhizobium radiobacter infection in a preterm infant and review of the literature

Central line-associated Rhizobium radiobacter bloodstream infection in two allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant recipients.

Rhizobium radiobacter is a gram-negative, opportunistic phytopathogen that rarely causes human infections. We report two cases of Rhizobium radiobacter central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (alloHCT) recipients. We review previous reports and common microbiological characteristics associated with this organism. Two adult males developed R. radiobacter CLABSIs at day +81 and day +77 post-alloHCT. Patient one was asymptomatic on presentation while patient two was febrile. One patient had a polymicrobial infection, which has not been previously described. The presence of high-level ceftazidime resistance in both patients suggests third-generation cephalosporin resistance may be more common than previously recognized. For both patients, microbiologic clearance was achieved through peripherally inserted central catheter removal and initiation of intravenous cefepime. Antibiotic therapy was narrowed to oral levofloxacin for a total 14-day course from the time of first negative blood culture. There has been no subsequent recurrence of R. radiobacter infection at 12 and 5 months of follow-up for patients one and two, respectively. These two cases add to the scant literature characterizing R. radiobacter infection following alloHCT. Immunosuppressive agents for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis may have predisposed these patients to R. radiobacter infection. Our reports, and previously reported cases, suggest R. radiobacter exhibits low virulence, mild symptom burden, and does not confer a high mortality risk. In the alloHCT setting, further accumulation of cases is needed to aid in understanding clinical features and characteristics of R. radiobacter infection.

Rhizobium Radiobacter Sepsis in a Neonate: A Case Report and Literature Review

Background: Rhizobium radiobacter, a gram-negative organism, rarely infects newborn infants, and the literature on the outcome of infants and treatment options is sparse. Case Presentation: We present a healthy preterm neonate infected with R. radiobacter and treated successfully. As the literature is limited in neonates, we performed the literature review of studies that reported R. radiobacter infection in the neonatal population. The systematic search on April 15, 2020, across PubMed, Web of Science, and Medline identified 5 case reports to date. The neonates in those reports were otherwise healthy without underlying risk factors, had infection limited to the bloodstream, treated successfully with cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides without any sequelae. Conclusion: R. radiobacter sepsis infection in newborn infants can occur without underlying risk factors and can be treated with common antibiotics, and the outcome of the infected neonates is favorable.

Peritoneal Dialysis and Pet Bite–Related Peritonitis: First Reported Case of Rhizobium Radiobacter Infection from a Cat Bite

Peritoneal Dialysis and Pet Bite–Related Peritonitis: First Reported Case of Rhizobium Radiobacter Infection from a Cat Bite

Analysis of catheter-related blood infections due to Rhizobium radiation in pediatric patients

Objective To analyze catheter-related bloodstream infections due toRhizobium radiation (R. radiobacter) in pediatric patients. Methods Clinical data of 1 014 pediatric patients with intra-vascular catheterization were collected from February 2012 to February 2014, including age, length of time a catheter remained in place, laboratory findings and outcome ofR. radiobacter bloodstream infection in order to explore the factors forR. radiobacter infection. Results There were 26 children contractingR. radiobacter bloodstream infection children, and of them, 21 were under 2 years old (80.77%) , and the length of time for catheter dwelt in vessel longer than 5 days in 20 children (76.92% ). There were significant differences in age under 2 years old, length of time longer than 5 days for catheter remained in place, CD4 and CD4/CD8 between 26 children withR. radiobacter infection and uninfected children (P <0.01 ). The re-infection with different varieties of bacterial strains was found in 12 of allR. radiobacter infection children (46.15% ) after treatment, and of them, R. radiobacter bloodstream infection was detected twice in 2 children, and 2 died (7.69%). Conclusions Age under 2 years old, the length of time for intra-vascular catheter remained in place longer than 5 days, and weakened immunity are the important risk factors ofR. radiobacter bloodstream infection, and the improper medical care may be the cause of re-infections in pediatric patients with prolonged intra-vascular catheter-dwelling. Key words: Rhizobium radiation; Catheter-related; Blood; Infections; Risk factors; Immunocompromised; Pediatrics; Patient

Treatment of Rhizobium radiobacter Bacteremia in a Critically Ill Trauma Patient

To report the first case of Rhizobium radiobacter bacteremia in a critically ill trauma patient. A 36-year-old female trauma patient hospitalized at The Regional Medical Center at Memphis developed bacteremia due to Rhizobium radiobacter on hospital day 9. The central line catheter tip culture from the same hospital day was negative. No source for the R radiobacter bacteremia was identified. Empirical and definitive antibiotic therapy consisted of cefepime 2 g intravenously every 8 hours for at total of 8 days. On completion of antibiotics, the patient demonstrated clinical resolution by immediate defervescence and gradual normalization of her white blood cell count. She demonstrated microbiologic success of therapy with negative blood cultures on hospital days 22, 34, 45, and 61. She was discharged on hospital day 80. Rhizobium species are common soil and plant pathogens that rarely cause infections in humans. Previous reports of Rhizobium infections have been in immunocompromised patients; generally those with cancer or HIV infection. Intravenous catheters have commonly been cited as the source of infection. The trauma patient in this case constitutes a unique presentation of R radiobacter bacteremia when compared with other case reports. Her indwelling catheter was not the source of her infection, and her only identifiable risk factor for R radiobacter infection was hospitalization. However, she did possess potential reasons for development of an infection with an unusual organism such as R radiobacter. Potential immune modulating therapies included blood transfusions, opioid analgesics, benzodiazepines, general anesthetics, and surgical procedures. Finally, trauma itself has been associated with some degree of immunosuppression. All these issues may have placed the patient in this case at risk of an opportunistic infection like R radiobacter. Based on this case, R radiobacter may be considered a potential pathogen causing bacteremia in critically ill trauma patients.

Rhizobium radiobacter bacteremia in a neonate

Rhizobium radiobacter bacteremia is an infrequent cause of human infection. We report a rare manifestation of R. radiobacter infection in which bacteremia occurred in a newborn infant without other risk factors.

Asymptomatic catheter related Rhizobium radiobacter infection in a haploidentical hemapoetic stem cell recipient

Catheter related infections are reported as one of the most common source of nosocomial infections. Rhizobium radibacter infections are generally manifested by fever and leukocytosis. Here, a 14 months-old girl diagnosed as T (-) B (-) NK (+) severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is presented. She had received repeated (x3) unconditioned haploidentical hematopoetic stem cell transplantations. During the follow-up, she has been arised an asymptomatic infection with R. Radiobacter, which was isolated from central venous catheter and peripheral blood while she was clinically stable, free of symptoms, fever or leukocytosis. She was treated successfully with cefepime and amikacin and did not require catheter removal. So, it is once more clear that the blood cultures should be obtained on regular basis from all patients with an intravascular device, even they were asymptomatic.

Pseudo-outbreak of Rhizobium radiobacter Resulting from Contaminated Diluting Saline

Rhizobium radiobacter, a common environmental organism has been recognized as a rare cause of opportunistic infection in humans, usually associated with indwelling devices. We report a pseudo-outbreak of R. radiobacter infection in patients at a teaching hospital in Singapore. Eleven culture positive specimens were isolated from 9 patients from the 14th January to the 1st February, 2008. All isolates were susceptible to ampicillin, gentamicin, cotrimoxazole and ciprofloxacin. Seven patients were adult and 2 were children, with a median age of 44 years (range: 2 months 78 years). The 9 isolates from the adult patients were grown from tissue specimens collected during surgical procedures. The 2 paediatric isolates were grown from catheter tips. Patients were from 6 different orthopaedic, rheumatology, paediatric and otorhinolaryngology wards. There were 6 elective and 3 emergency procedures, 4 clean, 2 clean contaminated and 3 contaminated operations performed in 8 operating rooms by 6 different surgeons with 6 different anaesthetists. Skin preparation included povidone iodine (6), chlorhexidine (2) and alcohol (1). None of the patients were immunocompromised. None of the culture results were specifically treated and there were no documented complications on close follow-up except for one delayed surgical procedure. A review of the specimen processing techniques revealed that prior to plating, all specimens had been mixed with a commercial saline solution from a common dispenser in the microbiology laboratory. R. radiobacter was cultured from the saline from the dispenser as well as from the dispenser tip. Routine laboratory practices and precautions including autoclaving the dispenser routinely and boiling of the saline before use were resumed and the pseudo-outbreak ended. This pseudo-outbreak demonstrates the importance of prompt investigation of unusual organisms and the need for careful review of all laboratory procedures in parallel with thorough epidemiologic investigations.

Clinical and microbiological characteristics of Rhizobium radiobacter infections.

Data obtained from 1996 to 2002 on 13 patients with Rhizobium radiobacter infections were analyzed. Ten patients (76%) had underlying hematological malignancy or solid-organ cancer. Six patients (46%) had febrile neutropenia during the course of R. radiobacter infection. The majority (54%) of infections were catheter-related bacteremia, and 92% of infections were hospital acquired. All the patients survived. Eighteen isolates were recovered from the 13 patients, and each isolate was susceptible to cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, carbapenems, and ciprofloxacin. The pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles differed among the isolates recovered from different patients, indicating the absence of nosocomial spread of the organism.