Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Networks Research Articles

Comparative Analysis of New Broadcasting Approaches in Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Comparative Analysis of New Broadcasting Approaches in Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Stability-based routing, link scheduling and channel assignment in cognitive radio mobile ad-hoc networks

One fundamental issue in cognitive radio mobile ad hoc networks (CR-MANETs) is the selection of a stable path between any source and destination node to reduce the end-to-end delay and energy consumption arisen from route reconstruction. In this way, we analyse the link stability by calculating the link life time that is dependent on failures caused by secondary users’ (SUs) movements and primary users’ (PUs) activities. We propose a joint stability-based routing, link scheduling and channel assignment (SRLC) algorithm in CR-MANETs, which is benefited from considering the link life time, amount of interference imposed on PUs and energy consumption. The proposed algorithm selects a frequency channel/time slot in a way that channel utilization and previous behaviours of SUs and PUs, are taken into account. In the proposed SRLC, the concept of load balancing is applied by avoiding to route packets through SUs with insufficient energy. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by evaluating the aggregate interference energy, end-to-end delay, goodput and the energy usage per packet transmission under three different scenarios. The results show our proposed scheme finds better routes compared to the recently proposed joint stable routing and channel assignment protocol.

Wireless Environment Aware Adaptive Scheduling Technique For Cellular Networks

<p>It is now well known that employing channel knowledge based on signaling techniques in wireless mobile ad-hoc networks (MANET) system can yield large improvements in almost all performance metric. Here we proposed the adaptive scheduling, in which the work done is based upon the bandwidth information of channel to provide better quality of service (‘QoS’) to the cell-edge mobile stations. Channel information is critical based on which scheduling is carried out. The bandwidth channel information contains estimation delay, the pilot channel noise and pilot contamination. Afterwards, Zero Forcing precoding methodology has applied for removing the interference at user nodes, destination nodes and gateway side. By extending the characteristics of ZF, the modified Zero Forcing (MZF) has proposed to achieve higher throughput rate and higher spectrum efficiency. The achievable-rates of the ZF and MZF has derived under the comprehensive model of imperfect bandwidth information.</p>

The Dynamic Routing Protocol Implementation Strategy of the Cooperative Control Awareness Combat Network

In view of the problem of dynamically setting up a fire aiming data chain between the sensors and the shooters in the same battle echelon in the awareness combat network (ACNET) of the future unmanned collaborative combat system, based on the wireless mobile Ad-hoc network technology, a closed loop routing control model is built, in which the information transmitted in the ACNET is regarded as a continuous fluid according to the requirement of the transmission packet and its link state. Based on this model, a high-speed mobile dynamic real-time routing protocol (HDRRP) and its implementation method are proposed. The routing strategy combines the cellular network and Ad hoc to design a node state routing and mobile cellular routing mode and algorithm, and automatically selects the corresponding routing algorithm according to priority. Thus, the sensing information and the combat target strike are organically integrated, and the data are delivered at high speed and in a real-time, dynamic, and reliable way. The simulation results show that this protocol can greatly improve the packet delivery rate, and compared with the traditional wireless mobile Ad-hoc network, it can shorten the transmission delay, has a better anti interruption performance, and reduces control overhead, route discovery time, and routing maintenance time.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: QOS distributed routing protocol for mobile ad-hoc wireless networks using intelligent packet carrying systems

The wireless network should provide high throughput and positive status and this paper suggest a system that supports real-time communications with excellence of service necessities for application based on wireless communications. In addition a hybrid network that interconnects both mobile networks and wireless networks. By inheriting the features of Solid Rocket Booster technology for mobile and wireless networks the race condition, and invalid condition problem has been solved. The number of packets received may vary based on the parameter like mobility, energy, memory, bandwidth, jamming and other parameter. In past years many algorithm has been proposed for increasing the probability of packet delivery but it’s still a challenge. This paper uses an algorithm called intelligent packet carrying systems; it provides a tracking mechanism that tracks nodes in rural places. The effectives and reability has been calculated and the results are obtained using OPNET simulator.

A new energy based power aware routing method for MANETs

A mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) is a self-configuring and self-directed functioning system that operates without infrastructure and rapidly deploys in a network. The MANET does not need centralized administration. It contains a mobile node for wireless transmission and MANETs that can be established anywhere. In addition, any instance of the ad-hoc network is effective since it is capable of eliminating the complexity of central admission and infrastructure. The MANET is widely in use in many fields such as military applications, mobile communication, and emergency situations. Energy consumption is an important issue in MANET because the mobile nodes are battery powered. In this paper, a dynamic energy ad-hoc on-demand distance vector routing protocol (DE-AODV) is proposed to minimize the packet delay, maximize the network lifetime, and reduce the energy consumption. The increase in node energy and dynamic supply of external energy is through a battery. The energy mechanisms consider whether the mobile nodes are in sleep, active, or transmit mode. The DE-AODV protocol is used to find out the selection of nodes which are energy-efficient and trustworthy to select the shortest route path from source to destination. The routing protocols use the external battery when there is a chance of link failure during packet transmission time. The proposed DE-AODV routing protocol provides efficient output when compared with other existing techniques. Simulation results show that the proposed system achieves better performance when compared with previous protocols in terms of packet delivery ratio, network stability rate, end-to-end delay of packets, end-to-end transmission, and throughput.

Localized Fault Tolerant and Connectivity Restoration Algorithms in Mobile Wireless Ad Hoc Network

Due to the dynamic characteristics of mobile wireless ad hoc networks, a node may join or leave/fail at any time, and links are usually intermittently unavailable. The destruction of the network connectivity would dramatically degrade the performance. To resolve this challenge, topology control is an efficient way to maintain network connectivity, which focuses on the adjustment of node transmit power in the past few decades. However, the adjustment of node movement has not been adequately addressed to restore the connectivity in mobile wireless ad hoc networks. In this paper, we propose three hybrid recovering algorithms, namely, cascade movement based on nearest nodes, cascade movement based on connected dominating set, and cascade movement based on critical nodes. With the adoption of Kalman filter, all these schemes can predict the movement of nodes so as to identify and maintain connectivity of mobile wireless ad hoc networks. Meanwhile, once a node fails or a link breaks down, they can also recover the connectivity immediately. We conduct extensive simulations on the metrics of the average number of participating nodes, the deviation from original direction, and the ratio of cascade movement for the three proposed algorithms, and the algorithm of cascade movement based on critical nodes achieves the best results.

Inter-Area Interference Modeling in Distributed Wireless Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Distributed wireless mobile ad hoc network has superiority of flexible networking, powerful extensibility, and low cost of operation and maintenance. Compared with the centralized ones, the distributed network can effectively solve a series of problems, such as the increase in operation and maintenance costs, the complex setting of center nodes, performance deterioration in large-scale scenarios, and hard to optimize routing. It has broad application prospects in ultra-dense networks of fifth-generation, distributed device-to-device communication, and industrial wireless sensor networks. Due to the absence of a control center, interference coordination in distributed network can only rely on the maintenance of neighbors. This paper first establishes the model of link interference and successful transmission probability under different hops of neighbor maintenance. We discover that the existing protocols with two-hop neighbor maintenance have serious inter-area interference which can jeopardize the performance, and maintaining three-hop neighbors have a 6-dB gain of receivers’ signal interference ratio. Hereby, this paper proposes and verifies a scheduling and channel reuse protocol under three-hop neighbor maintenance, laying a solid foundation for the practical application of distributed network.

Secure Routing in Mobile Ad hoc Network

Abstract— MANET is a wireless Mobile ad-hoc network which includes mobile nodes. In MANET mobile refers to the movable nodes which can change their location frequently. MANET is a network which has no central infrastructure; it is a self-managing and self-configuring network. In MANET devices can be heterogeneous like laptops, mobiles, PDAs etc. Due to the movement of the nodes and no infrastructure MANET can be used in disaster and emergency situations. MANET has the characteristics of dynamic topology, multi hop routing, energy constraint and easy setup. The nodes in the MANET work as a both host and a router, to make routes in the network. Due to all these flexible features of MANET there are many security vulnerabilities arises. In MANET routing is a main concern due to the mobility and the node work as a router. The security of the routing layer is essential because if any attack interrupts the communication then security of whole network can be compromised. There are different types of attacks in MANET: such as internal attacks, external attacks and other attacks of all layers. Network layer attacks are identified in this paper. Some routing protocols are used for the security of routing in MANET like SAODV, SRP, SEAD and Ariadne etc. In this paper we present a review of routing attacks and their possible solutions how to avoid from these attacks. Keywords- Mobile ad-hoc network, Routing, Attacks, Security

Trust and reputation aware geographic routing method for wireless ad hoc networks

We consider the problem of secure geographic routing (GR) in mobile wireless ad-hoc networks (WANETs). This paper presents a dependable and pragmatic trust and reputation aware geographic routing (TARA-GR) method for mobile WANETs to achieve self-adaptability, scalability, lightweight communication, and efficiency. It supports the GR decisions by the dynamic computation of consolidated trust value (CTV) of each node in the network by integrating direct and indirect trust values. With the calculated trust value, each source or forwarding node selects the trusted nodes to route the packets from the source to the destination. TARA-GR is integrated with a well known greedy perimetre stateless routing (GPSR) protocol. This integration is termed as TARA-GPSR. The simulation results have shown that TARA-GPSR significantly improved the network performance metrics, such as packet delivery fraction, throughput, and energy consumption.

A review on propagation of secure data, prevention of attacks and routing in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs)

Wireless communication is considered as a significant part in our modern innovation for transmitting the packets from source node to destination node. In the developing current situation of wireless communications mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) assumes a major part. In this paper, we have built up a definite review about the algorithms and systems utilised for fathoming the different issues such as security, authentication and routing. We have clarified three different classifications of issues that happen during broadcasting the packets by contrasting each and the past advancements in this paper. To acquire precise solutions to issues such as authentication, protection and security a vast number of protocols, routing strategy and algorithms have been utilised, however, it is exceptionally testing to discover the ideal and proficient technique that can be utilised internationally. In this paper, we have displayed an overview of different existing procedures and afterward basically investigated the work done by the different scientists in the field of MANETs.

A review on propagation of secure data, prevention of attacks and routing in mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs)

Wireless communication is considered as a significant part in our modern innovation for transmitting the packets from source node to destination node. In the developing current situation of wireless communications mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) assumes a major part. In this paper, we have built up a definite review about the algorithms and systems utilised for fathoming the different issues such as security, authentication and routing. We have clarified three different classifications of issues that happen during broadcasting the packets by contrasting each and the past advancements in this paper. To acquire precise solutions to issues such as authentication, protection and security a vast number of protocols, routing strategy and algorithms have been utilised, however, it is exceptionally testing to discover the ideal and proficient technique that can be utilised internationally. In this paper, we have displayed an overview of different existing procedures and afterward basically investigated the work done by the different scientists in the field of MANETs.

Fuzzy Based Detection of Malicious Activity for Security Assessment of MANET

Wireless MANET is particularly vulnerable due to its fundamental characteristics such as open medium, dynamic topology, distributed cooperation, congestion, energy constrained, variable capacity links and security. Due to security vulnerabilities and dynamic nature of network, wireless mobile ad-hoc networks may be unprotected against packet dropping attacks by any unauthorized node. This paper proposes fuzzy based secure architecture (FBSA) for mobile ad-hoc network in which node classification and detection of malicious activity is done through fuzzy detector. After detection of malicious activity, comparative study is performed on various parameters such as packet delivery ratio, average throughput, total packet forwarding and percentage of detection with variation in node speed.

Improving Cache Effectiveness Based on Cooperative Cache Management in MANETs

In wireless mobile Ad Hoc networks, cooperative cache management is considered as an efficient technique to increase data availability and improve access latency. This technique is based on coordination and sharing of cached data between nodes belonging to the same area. In this paper, we studied the cooperative cache management strategies. This has enabled us to propose a collaborative cache management scheme for mobile Ad Hoc networks, based on service cache providers (SCP), called cooperative caching based on service providers (CCSP). The proposed scheme enabled the election of some SCPs mobile nodes, which receive cache’s summaries of neighboring nodes. Thus, nodes belonging to the same zone can locate easily cached documents of that area. The election mechanism used in this approach is executed periodically to ensure load balancing. We further provided an evaluation of the proposed solution, in terms of request hit rate, byte hit rate and time gains. Compared with other caching management schemes, the simulation results show that the proposed CCSP scheme improves significantly the cache effectiveness and the network performances. This is achieved by improving data availability and reducing both overall network load and latencies perceived by end users.

Analysis of KDD CUP Dataset Using Multi-Agent Methodology with Effective Fuzzy Based Intrusion Detection System

ABSTRACTSecure environment construction against the several intrusions is an attractive research area in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET)-based real-time applications. Intrusion Detection System (IDS) evolved in network research studies improves the security and protects the resources from the various intrusions. The centralized and the distributed IDS are the major IDS categories. The central point failure in centralized IDS under heavy load introduces the security issues. The centralized system deficiency and hierarchical nature introduces the agent-based IDS. This article proposes the Multi-Agent IDS to detect the packet transmission failures and anomaly behavior in two different datasets namely KDD cup 1999 and the real-time traffic dataset. The Multi-Agent Based IDS (MAIDS) employs the distance and density-based algorithms for cluster formation. The rules formation in either association or sequential manner detects and classifies the attacks to the respective agent. Finally, the fuzzy-rules formulation in MAIDS predicts the intrusion type. The comparative analysis between the MAIDS and Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) regarding latency, overhead, and packet delivery ratio conveys that the MAIDS provided the better performance than the NIDS.

Comparative Study of Fuzzy Logic Mobility Based FLM-AODV Routing Protocol and AODV in MANETs

In mobile ad hoc wireless networks (MANETs), traditional protocol like AODV performs well for low mobility of nodes but not for high node mobility. So, it becomes important to consider mobility factor during the path selection procedure of routing protocol. Here, a fuzzy logic mobility based protocol (FLM-AODV) that considers the mobility factor is proposed. Due to the consideration of mobility factor, the proposed protocol has better performance than the traditional AODV. The experiment results show that the proposed protocol has advantages of improved average end-to-end delay and packet delivery ratio (PDR) over existing AODV protocol.

A Review of Various Swarm Intelligence Based Routing Protocols for Iot

The paper provides insight into various swarm intelligence based routing protocols for Internet of Things (IoT), which are currently available for the Mobile Ad-hoc networks (MANETs) and wireless sensor networks (WSNs). There are several issues which are limiting the growth of Internet of Things. These include the reliability, link failures, routing, heterogeneity etc. The MANETs and WSNs routing issues impose almost same requirements for IoT routing mechanism. The recent work of the worldwide researchers is focused on this area. protocols are based on the principles of swarm intelligence. The swarm intelligence is applied to achieve the optimality and the efficiency in solving the complex, multi-hop and dynamic requirements of the wireless networks. The application of the ACO technique tries to provide answers to many routing issues. Using the swarm intelligence and ant colony optimization principles, it has been seen that, the protocols’ efficiency definitely increases and also provides more scope for the development of more robust, reliable and efficient routing protocols for the IoT. As the various standard protocols available for MANETs and WSNs are not reliable enough, the paper finds the need of some efficient routing algorithms for IoT.

Impact of Multiple TCP Connection and Increment of Number of Nodes in Mobile Ad-Hoc Wireless Network

Impact of Multiple TCP Connection and Increment of Number of Nodes in Mobile Ad-Hoc Wireless Network

Integrated Approach to Find Trusted Path Under Blackhole problem in Ad-hoc networks using Digital Signature and BackTrace-AODV

Mobile wireless ad-hoc networks are independent, infrastructure less, dynamic and multiple hop networks designed for trusted environment which are deployed spontaneously any time anywhere in specified geographical area with no pre established infrastructure and central authority. The intrinsic features of like heterogeneity, constrained resources, lack of fixed infrastructure, network dynamics make these networks suffering from various vulnerabilities by untrust worthy entities to crumble the network operation. One such vulnerability is a black hole attack which is an unresolved threat and hazard to routing protocol of ad hoc network caused by faulty node. In this paper, we have integrated a detection technique using digital signature to diminish the impairment impact of black hole attack and BackTrace-AODV (BT-AODV) algorithm into AODV to find trusted route. The simulation experiments show that proposed technique performs effective in thwarting black hole attack. We also explore effects of number of mobile nodes on routing behavior of AODV with our proposed protocol and our scheme outperforms AODV with blackhole with more throughput and packet delivery ratio.

Emergency Information System Architecture for Disaster Management: Metro City Perspective

During the disaster, communication is a tedious job through wired networks, so Wireless Sensor Network and Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET) has been chosen to make a novel design. WSNs are event-driven networks useful in an emergency, where human can’t monitor properly. Within the range, proposed hybrid Adhoc Network will be able to communicate across the obstacle without the help of any fixed infrastructure as well as it will be able to communicate through the social media. This is a costly network due the use of smartphones within it, but high cost of technology is a one time investment only. This paper investigates the technologies to help in disaster management, and showing the problem in different scenarios. This paper also presents an architecture with method of communication helpful on and network model for the IS for natural disaster.