Radio-frequency Tags Research Articles

Shopping Market Assistant Robot

The implementation of a service robot for shopping-market assistant is presented. The scaled prototype robot is a four-wheeled differential vehicle based on microcontrollers and ultrasonic sensors for following a person to a certain distance while groceries are selected. Each grocery is identified by a unique number through radio frequency tags. The grocery is placed in the basket of the robot by the user, this identifier is read and transmitted to a remote computer by means of ZigBee wireless communication protocol, querying to a database for information about the grocery, which is presented to the user on a color display with the bill. The results in convenience stores have been shown that the autonomous robot is a reliable tool for shopping assistant.

Increasing Accuracy: A New Design and Algorithm for Automatically Measuring Weights, Travel Direction and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) of Penguins.

A fully automated weighbridge using a new algorithm and mechanics integrated with a Radio Frequency Identification System is described. It is currently in use collecting data on Macaroni penguins (Eudyptes chrysolophus) at Bird Island, South Georgia. The technology allows researchers to collect very large, highly accurate datasets of both penguin weight and direction of their travel into or out of a breeding colony, providing important contributory information to help understand penguin breeding success, reproductive output and availability of prey. Reliable discrimination between single and multiple penguin crossings is demonstrated. Passive radio frequency tags implanted into penguins allow researchers to match weight and trip direction to individual birds. Low unit and operation costs, low maintenance needs, simple operator requirements and accurate time stamping of every record are all important features of this type of weighbridge, as is its proven ability to operate 24 hours a day throughout a breeding season, regardless of temperature or weather conditions. Users are able to define required levels of accuracy by adjusting filters and raw data are automatically recorded and stored allowing for a range of processing options. This paper presents the underlying principles, design specification and system description, provides evidence of the weighbridge’s accurate performance and demonstrates how its design is a significant improvement on existing systems.

A new RF tagging pulse based on the Frank poly-phase perfect sequence

Radio frequency (RF) spectrally selective multiband pulses or tagging pulses, are applicable in a broad range of magnetic resonance methods. We demonstrate through simulations and experiments a new phase-modulation-only RF pulse for RF tagging based on the Frank poly-phase perfect sequence. In addition, we introduce an extended version with a WURST modulation (Frank-WURST). The new pulses exhibit interesting and flexible spin tagging properties and are easily implemented in existing MR sequences, where they can substitute slice-selective pulses with no additional alterations.

Application of tracking implants in grape hybrids: Adjustments to production practices and new health-compliant methodologies

In order to adapt tracking implants in grapevine to production practices, four rootstocks belonging to two common Vitis hybrids [V. berlandieri×V. riparia (420 A, Kober 5BB, SO4) and V. berlandieri×V. rupestris (1103 Paulsen)] were tagged with radio frequency tags using the available methods: direct drilling of the pith from the distal cut of the rootstock or a “U” cut performed laterally on the rootstock below the grafting point. Tests were also combined with hot water treatments against phytoplasmas or applied to one-year-old grafted rootlings ready for transplantation in the vineyard to reduce tagging costs. In addition, novel health-compliant methodologies for ultra-high frequency (UHF) tagging were evaluated. To assess the effects of tag implantation in rootstocks, plant viability, functional vascular tissue area and tag reliability were calculated, as well as the effects of phytopathogenic fungi on wounds produced by tagging. The tagging procedure did not cause significant effects on viability and functional vascular tissue area. Tag reliability was set at more than 96%. Fungal infections caused less than 1% of infected vascular tissue area and tagging methods could be integrated with hot water treatments against phytoplasmas. Tracking implants were applied successfully to one-year-old rootlings that were ready for transplantation, even if tag reliability decreased. Novel semi-internal implants of UHF tags did not cause concerns about plant health but tags were exposed to environmental stress or fortuitous damage during farming practices.

Developing a User Monitoring System for the LPU-Laguna Library

The study aimed to develop a computer program that monitored the library users by means of capturing their attendance through radio frequency identification (RFID). A Radio Frequency (RF) reader, RF tag, web camera and computer were utilized to develop and perform the system's operation. The researcher used developmental method to fulfill its objectives. The system was able to capture the attendance of the library users with the aid of their identification card. The system is acceptable based on the test and evaluation made by the students during system implementation in the library. Several recommendations in connection with the tapping of identification card, the full utilization of capturing device, database update, client-server application, interface design and display of unreturned books.

Automatic Driving Systems Using Radio Frequency Tags for an Agricultural Crawler Vehicle

Automatic Driving Systems Using Radio Frequency Tags for an Agricultural Crawler Vehicle

Progress of flexible organic non-volatile memory field-effect transistors

Flexible organic non-volatile memory field-effect transistors (ONVMFETs) are promising candidates in the field of flexible organic electronic devices, which can be used in flexible radio frequency tags, memories, integrated circuits and large-area displays, because of their remarkable advantages such as flexibility, lightweight, low cost and large-area organic electronics. On the basis of the introduction of the development of flexible ONVMFETs in terms of substrates, structures and characteristics, the classification of flexible ONVMFETs is summarized. Meanwhile, we discuss the effects of mechanical stress and temperature on the performance of flexible ONVMFET. Finally, some prospects as well as the challenges are pointed out.

Research on RF Tag Performance on Metal Media and Design of Slotting Tag

Passive radio frequency (RF) tags in the UHF and microwave bands have recently drawn considerable attention with their great potential for use in inventory management, parcel and postal tracking. However, much more basic research is needed to increase the range and reliability of a passive RF tag’s radio link, particularly when the RF tag is placed onto a lossy dielectric object or a metallic surface. This paper presents two new useful forms of the radio link budget that describe the power link of an RF tag system when the tag is attached to an object, then the effects of a metal plate to antenna parameters when the antenna is horizontally placed near the plate. Furthermore, according to a series of tests for measuring the performance of an RF tag, relationship between distance from tag to a sheet of copper surface and readability is discovered. Moreover, the magnifying effect of an extra metal layer to readability is found too. Finally, according to the results of experiments, a design method of slotting RF tag which can be used to identify the goods location is proposed. This method can not only eliminate negative effect of metal disturbance, but enhance readability, which considers the convenience for use and manufacture cost as well.

Research on the System of Radio Frequency Identification and Localization Works in Microwave

Radio frequency identification and localization is a key technology in the Internet of Things. This paper reports an ARM Cortex-M3 processor based hand-held radio frequency identification and localization terminal and a 8051 processor based active radio frequency tags. The terminal and the tags utilize STM32F103VET6 and the low power consumption STC12LE4052AD as their master controller, respectively. Both of them use Nordic nRF24L01 as their radio frequency identification module. The system works in 2.4GHz ISM microwave band and can read, write and locate radio frequency tags within 20m indoors. The actual measurement of active radio frequency tags shows that this terminal is highly stable and comparable in 2.4GHz microwave frequency radio identification and localization.

Concept, Design and Implementation of Automatic Waste Management System

One of the main concerns with our environment has been solid waste management which in addition to disturbing the balance of the environment also has adverse effects on the health of the society. The detection, monitoring and management of wastes is one of the primary problems of the present era. The traditional way of manually monitoring the wastes in waste bins is a complex, cumbersome process and utilizes more human effort, time and cost which is not compatible with the present day technologies in any wa y. This paper proposes an advanced method in which waste management is automated. Radio frequency identification (RFID) is one of the most promising and anticipated technologies in recent years. The system makes use of radio frequency (RF) tags and web sup port. This work presented here certainly provides a novel approach in handling and disposing off the day to day solid wastes in an efficient and easy way. The system consists of four main subsystems namely Smart Trash System (STS), Local Base Station (LBS) , Smart Vehicle System (SVS) and Smart Monitoring and Controlling Hut (SMCH). The proposed system would be able to automate the solid waste monitoring process and management of the overall collection process. The technologies that would be used in the prop osed system are good enough to ensure the practical and perfect for solid waste collection process monitoring and management for green environment.

무선통신을 이용한 위치인식 시스템 개발

In this paper, Implementation of location estimation system using wireless communication technology based on Zigbee. Using wireless communication technology, calculation more accurate location information and service location information to the H/W and S/W has been developed. Receivers, repeaters, smart tag(location device), was developed for implement a location estimation system. The smart tag is built the 120~130KHz, 13~14MHz, 2.0~3.0GHz radio frequency tag. Receiver and repeater is applied to the tag module to recognize the location device`s active RFID tags transmit a wireless signal for tag identification. Common Entrance control system in contact with a smart tag, It was implemented to transfer the value of the tag to the access control server over a LAN.

Automation Highlights from the Literature

Automation Highlights from the Literature

An Optical to Wireless Data Link Using Radio Frequency Backscatter

The changes in the impedance of an antenna-coupled photo-detector under optical illumination are used to encode data on a backscattered wireless signal similarly to the standard techniques used for radio frequency identification and tagging. The effect is strong enough to allow retrieval of the information without requiring a dc supply at the optical to wireless interface.

The progress of flexible organic field-effect transistors

Flexible organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have revealed wide prospect in their applications to the flexible display, flexible sensor, flexible radio frequency tag and flexible integrated circuit due to their advantages such as foldability, light weight of device and low-cost fabrication process. On the basis of the introduction of advancement in the study of flexible OFETs in this paper, a broad overview about device structures of flexible OFETs, substrate materials, gate insulating layer materials, active layer materials and electrode materials used for flexible OFETs is given, the fabricating process of flexible OFETs is explained, and the effect of bending pattern on the performance of flexible OFETs is discussed. Finally, the application areas of flexible OFETs are summarized and prospected.

A Study on the System of Radio Frequency Identification and Localization Works in UHF

This paper designs a hand-held radio frequency identification and localization terminal based on ARM Cortex-M3 processor and active radio frequency tags based on 8051 processor. This terminal uses STM32F103VET6 as its master controller, these tags use STC12C2052AD as their master controller. They all use Nordic nRF905 as their radio frequency identification module. The system works in 433M/868M/915MHz ISM UHF band and can read, write and locate radio frequency tags within 50m indoors. The actual measurement of active radio frequency tags shows that this terminal is highly stable and comparable in 433M/868M/915M ultra-high frequency radio identification and localization. The test results of this system are also analyzed and presented.

Retained Surgical Items: A Problem Yet to Be Solved

Retained surgical items (RSI) continue to occur. Large RSI studies are few due to low RSI frequency in single institutions and the medicolegal implications. Consequently, RSI risks are not fully defined, with discrepancies persisting among published studies. The goals of this study were to better define risk factors for RSI, to clarify previously discrepant risk factors, and to evaluate other potential contributors to RSI occurrence, such as trainee presence during an operation. Multicenter case-match study of RSI risk factors was conducted between January 2003 and December 2009. Cases complicated by RSI were identified at participating centers using clinical quality improvement and adverse event reporting data. Case match controls (non-RSI) were selected from same or similar-type cases performed at each respective institution. Retained surgical item risk factors were evaluated by univariate and multivariate conditional logistic regression. Fifty-nine RSIs and 118 matched controls were analyzed (RSI incidence 1 in 6,975 or 59 in 411,526). Retained surgical items occurred despite use of confirmatory x-rays (13 of 27 instances) and/or radiofrequency tagging (2 of 32 instances). Among previously discrepant results, we confirmed that body mass index, unexpected intraoperative events, and procedure duration were associated with increased RSI risk. The occurrence of any safety variance, and specifically an incorrect count at any time during the procedure, was associated with elevated RSI risk. Trainee presence was associated with 70% lower RSI risk compared with trainee absence. Longer duration of surgery, safety variances, and incorrect counts during the procedure result in elevated RSI risk. The possible positive influence of trainee presence on RSI risk deserves additional study. Our findings highlight the need for zero tolerance for safety omissions, continued study and development of novel approaches to RSI reduction, and establishing anonymous RSI reporting systems to better track both the incidence and risks associated with this problem, which has yet to be solved.

Sponges and incorrect sponge count: Minor contributions to the process of detecting retained foreign bodies.

Background: Postoperative retained foreign bodies [RFBs] can be a serious event, but they are rare. The x-ray is the current gold standard to detect RFBs. There has been scant research on the process of detection as opposed to the consequence of RFBs. Surgical sponges incorporating automatic data identity capture technology (radiofrequency tags, barcodes) have been proposed to detect RFBs. Because resources in healthcare are scarce, careful consideration needs to be given to developing the right technology in order to maximize the process of RFB elimination. There have been few studies that identify factors contributing to the process of RFB detection. Study design: Our goal was to determine the frequency with which x-rays were ordered to detect abdominal surgery post operative RFBs and the indications for ordering them. We reviewed the Johns Hopkins Hospital's Department of Radiology database to retrospectively study the demographic and radiologic data on patients who underwent exploratory surgery for RFBs following abdominal procedures performed between April 2004 and April 2008. Results: Of the 13,335 portable abdominal x-rays taken during the period, 203 (1.5%) were ordered to assess patients for the presence of an RFB. Of these, 57 (28%) were taken because no RFB count was made (e.g., for emergency procedures), 57 (28%) were taken per procedure or protocol, 51 (25%) were taken because of an incorrect instrument count, and 39 (19%) were taken because of an incorrect sponge count. Of the 203 x-rays, 192 (95%) were negative for RFBs, 11 (5%) were positive or had suspicious findings, and of these 3 (2%) revealed more than 1 RFB. The 11 patients with positive or suspicious findings underwent exploratory procedures immediately during the same operation; of these, 8 (72%) actually had an RFB and 3 (28%) had a negative result at exploration. Conclusion: Multiple pathways lead to the decision to obtain X-rays for RFBs, of which sponges/Incorrect sponge counts make up only one in five. Therefore, technology that focuses on sponges alone may not majorly impact clinical outcome because x-rays will still be required in the majority of cases of suspected high risk.

Assessment of flight activity and homing ability in Asian and European honey bee species, Apis cerana and Apis mellifera, measured with radio frequency tags

The Asian honey bee Apis cerana and the European honey bee Apis mellifera are closely related and morphologically very similar. Where these species coexist, they appear to compete, but the outcomes of competition vary enormously between locations. Here, we report comparative behavioural data for A. cerana and A. mellifera in China gathered by tracking bees using radio frequency identification. Both species organise their division of labour by temporal polyethism and have remarkably similar demographic structure. Analyses of the homing capacities of both species following large-scale displacement suggest that A. mellifera colonies have a larger range than A. cerana. We observed that relocation of A. mellifera to a new environment disrupted colony function for 3 weeks. Our data show that A. mellifera and. A cerana occupy extremely similar behavioural niches, and therefore, the potential for competition between these species is very high.

Hand-Motion Crane Control Using Radio-Frequency Real-Time Location Systems

Human operators have difficulty driving cranes quickly, accurately, and safely because the heavy structure of the crane responds slowly and its payload oscillates. Manipulation difficulty is increased by nonintuitive control interfaces (such as buttons, levers, and joysticks) that require substantial experience to master. This paper presents a new type of interface that allows operators to drive a crane by simply moving a hand-held radio-frequency tag through the desired path. Real-time location sensors are used to track the movements of the tag and its position is used in a feedback control loop to drive the crane. Unfortunately, crane movements usually induce large-amplitude payload oscillations. Therefore, an input-shaping control element is used to limit payload swing. Experimental results on an industrial bridge crane validate the controller performance.

RFID Based Toll Deduction System

In this research paper we examine RFID based toll deduction system and how to make more efficient and perfect. The vehicle will be equipped with a radio frequency (RF) tag which will detect RF Reader located in on toll plaza. The amount will then automatically deduct from the bank account. This research paper can be considered scalable to implement in motor vehicles used today.