Radio Frequency Identification Monitoring Research Articles

A Multibranch U-Shaped Tunable Encoding Chipless RFID Strain Sensor for IoT Sensing System

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is essential for modern large buildings and infrastructure. Radio frequency identification (RFID) widen a new paradigm for SHM in the Internet of Things (IoT) era. This article introduces a low-cost intelligent RFID monitoring system for future IoT applications. Through adding a multiparameter sensing strategy to the passive RFID tags that can be deployed on a large scale to form a sensor network, which expands the coverage of IoT in key positions health monitoring of buildings. In this work, a novel chipless RFID strain sensing tag is designed to characterize the magnitude and direction of metal surface strain, and a low-cost detection method suitable for large mechanical structures is proposed. The traditional strain antennas focus on identifying the strain characteristics without the function of encoding, and there are limitations, such as the rigid measurement methods and the expensive measurement instruments. The tag designed in this article integrates both strain sensing and encoding functions, and has the advantages of small size, high data capacity, and information reading is not easily affected by environmental noise. This article proposes an economical and flexible tag spectrum extraction method, which realizes the intelligent collection and transmission of tag data by connecting lightweight vector network analyzer (VNA) with microcontroller. Combined with the IoT, this method can be well applied to the security assessment and damage detection of large infrastructure structures, which provides a new approach to modern building health monitoring applications from integrated tag design to intelligent detection and risk assessment schemes.

Design and test of intelligent inspection and monitoring system for cotton bale storage based on RFID

To solve the inspection problems in cotton storage, as well as the need for environmental monitoring in the process of modern cotton bale storage, an intelligent inspection and temperature and humidity intelligent monitoring system based on RFID cotton bale was developed by adopting RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) technology, wireless temperature and humidity real-time monitoring technology and handheld terminal intelligent inspection technology. The system was composed of RFID positioning inspection module and temperature and humidity real-time monitoring and transmission module. The artificial neural network (ANN) based on the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to process the monitoring data of the system by Gaussian filtering, and an accurate classification model of RSSI and label position was established. The test results showed that: Through the comparative analysis of the RFID indoor positioning algorithm, the positioning error of the PSO-ANN algorithm was small. In the actual cotton bale warehouse test, the relative error of positioning and monitoring for RFID cotton bale intelligent inspection and monitoring system was less than 6.7%, which effectively improved the working efficiency of inspection personnel and the security of cotton bale storage. The relative error of temperature and humidity was less than 8% and less than 7%, which could display the temperature and humidity information in real time and meet the real-time demand. This study improved the management personnel's effective positioning and inspection of the cotton bale, prevented the loss of cotton bale, reduced the deterioration probability of cotton bale, and effectively improved the storage management level of the cotton bale. It was of great practical significance to realize the networking, automation, and intelligence of cotton bale storage management.

Detection of RFID cloning attacks: A spatiotemporal trajectory data stream-based practical approach

With the rapid development of the internet of things (IoT), radio frequency identification (RFID) technology plays an important role in various fields. However, tags are vulnerable to cloning attacks because they are limited by size and production costs. A cloning attack fabricates one or more replicas of a genuine tag, which behave exactly the same as the genuine tag and can deceive the reader to obtain legitimate authorization, leading to potential economic loss or reputation damage. Many advanced solutions have been proposed to combat cloning attacks. Existing trajectory-based RFID clone detection methods use historical trajectories for model training. However, the environment of the RFID monitoring area is complex and diverse and changes in real time. The features trained based on historical trajectories cannot effectively adapt to the complex environment. In this article, we make a novel attempt to counterattack tag cloning based on real-time trajectories. We propose the clone attack detection approach (deClone), which can intuitively and accurately display the positions of abnormal tags in real time. It requires only commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) RFID devices, unlike methods based on radio frequency (RF) fingerprints and synchronization keys, which require additional hardware devices or software redesign. According to the experimental results, our scheme improves the detection precision by 16.71% compared with that of the existing trajectory-based detection methods.

Effect of cold narcosis on foraging behavior of European honey bees (Apis mellifera ligustica) tracked using a radio-frequency identification (RFID) system

Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is both a commonly used method and a promising tool for investigating the foraging activities of bees. To prevent loss of electronic tags from individual bees, they must be immobilized long enough for adhesives to dry, but because narcosis can negatively affect bee health and behaviors, a very brief narcosis period is recommended. The present study assessed the impact of 30 min of cold narcosis, compared with carbon dioxide or no narcosis, on foraging activities using RFID monitoring. From each of three hives, 8 to 10 bees were placed in each of three narcosis treatments (n = 85), then tagged and monitored for homing success, activity after returning to the hive, and duration of flights outside the hive. Bees showed no significant differences in homing success and flight duration between cold narcosis treatment and the control (no narcosis), whereas bees narcotized by carbon dioxide showed significantly lower homing success and shorter flight duration than control bees. We conclude that for observing bee foraging behaviors using RFID systems, the effects of cold narcosis on ice for 30 min on foraging behaviors are acceptable, and cold narcosis is more practical for tagging many bees at once than physical immobilization using plunger cages.

Assessing Topsoil Movement in Rotary Harrowing Process by RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification) Technique

Harrowing is a process that reduces the size of soil clods and prepares the field for seeding. Rotary harrows are a common piece of equipment in North Italy that consists of teeth rotating around a vertical axis with a processing depth of 5–15 cm. In this study, the topsoil movement in terms of distance and direction were estimated at different rotary harrow working conditions. A total of eight tests was performed using two forward speeds of 1 and 3 km/h, two working depths of 6 and 10 cm and two levelling bar positions of 0 and 10 cm from the ground. In order to simulate and follow topsoil movement, Radio-Frequency Identification (RFID) tags were inserted into cork stoppers and distributed in a regular pattern over the soil. Tags were distributed in six lines along the working width and repeated in three rows for each test: a total number of 144 tags was tracked. Results showed that there were no significant differences between the performed tests, on the other hand the reported tests highlight the effectiveness of the RFID monitoring approach.

Efficient Missing-Tag Event Detection Protocols to Cope with Unexpected Tags and Detection Error in RFID Systems

This paper investigates the issue of missing-tag event detection in practical radio frequency identification (RFID) systems with the presence of not only unexpected tags but also the detection error. Among all the previous works, the recently proposed protocol “RFID monitoring with UNexpected tags (RUN)” is one of the first studies taking the unexpected tags into account. The protocol is proven to outperform conventional ones in terms of achieving a required reliability. Nevertheless, it completely ignores the effect of the so-called detection error, which is a common phenomenon in the literature of RFID, on tag reading. The phenomenon might result in the false-alarm detection of the event and it is believed that RUN is no longer efficient and reliable. We therefore propose two modified versions of the RUN protocol, namely, mRUN1 and mRUN2, as solutions for the issue. Similarly to RUN, the protocols execute multiple Aloha reading rounds to cope with the unexpected tags. On the other hand, they utilize tracking counters supposedly available at the reader to mitigate the effect of the detection error. While mRUN1 requires many counters to monitor the existence of each expected tag (the tag’s identity is already known), mRUN2 uses only one counter to deal with the event caused by either real missing tags or the detection error. Performance analysis will be investigated to find optimal parameter settings for the protocols. Computer simulation results are also provided to validate our analysis as well as to show the merit of the proposed protocols in comparison with the conventional protocols.

Assessing the Feasibility of Passive and BAP RFID Communications on Construction Site Scenarios

In order to efficiently manage construction operations, assessing the current status of both engineered components and the field processes making use of those components is regarded as critical. To date, active radio-frequency identification (RFID) technologies are slowly becoming adopted on construction sites by the owners and contractor organizations in order to track unique engineered components and the processes making use of those components. Although the construction industry has shown a strong interest in adopting active RFID tags due to their potential to innovate and streamline existing processes, such active RFID adoption and usage is regarded as costly and hence advances at a very slow pace. To date, there has not yet been a thorough study on passive and battery-assisted passive (BAP) tags to assess their feasibility to effectively communicate within construction sites. Construction sites are characterized by clustered scenarios under varying, unpredictable, and harsh conditions. In this paper, we report on our analysis and experimental results about the feasible utilization of passive and BAP tags to track the identification of construction components under clustered project site conditions. We modified an EPC RFID monitoring system to leverage and monitor the performance and characteristics of RFID communications in a clustered heating plant. Such communications were then compared with those monitored with the same technologies in an ideal laboratory environment with a clear free-air line-of-sight. The results indicate that, due to multipath effects in metal-crowded scenarios, tags can actually perform better in such scenarios.

Delay-aware and reliability-aware contention-free MF–TDMA protocol for automated RFID monitoring in industrial IoT

Abstract This paper presents a multi-frequency time division multiple access (MF–TDMA) protocol for Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) monitoring system in industrial Internet of Things (IoT). Unlike critical industrial control system which requires 1–2 ms response in communication, the monitoring system in industries normally demands a guaranteed delay in hundred-millisecond level. Under the context of IoT, massive items are monitored, the requirements of the monitoring system thus further include reliable communication, low-power low-cost flexible hardware structure, scalable system infrastructure, and quality of service (QoS) on demand. To fulfill these, we employ a flexible hardware infrastructure which uses a centralized coordinator and a set of readers to support multiple frequency channels or technologies to maximize the system capacity. The proposed MF–TDMA protocol provides a scheduled communication both in time and frequency with an optional automatic repeat request (ARQ), independent/uniform synchronization and control mechanism, and an optimization of time slot allocation to increase the transmission reliability while decreasing the latency to a guaranteed bound. The performance evaluation indicates that based on the proposed MF–TDMA protocol, the system can promise more than 95% of the tags to enjoy than 50 ms waiting time. And a delay bound of 100 ms is achieved when a 16-byte packet is transmitted at 256 kbps. Moreover, 100% packet transmission ratio can always be obtained thanks to the schedule and optimization mechanism.

Analysis of the Optimal Duration of Behavioral Observations Based on an Automated Continuous Monitoring System in Tree Swallows (Tachycineta bicolor): Is One Hour Good Enough?

Studies of animal behavior often rely on human observation, which introduces a number of limitations on sampling. Recent developments in automated logging of behaviors make it possible to circumvent some of these problems. Once verified for efficacy and accuracy, these automated systems can be used to determine optimal sampling regimes for behavioral studies. Here, we used a radio-frequency identification (RFID) system to quantify parental effort in a bi-parental songbird species: the tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor). We found that the accuracy of the RFID monitoring system was similar to that of video-recorded behavioral observations for quantifying parental visits. Using RFID monitoring, we also quantified the optimum duration of sampling periods for male and female parental effort by looking at the relationship between nest visit rates estimated from sampling periods with different durations and the total visit numbers for the day. The optimum sampling duration (the shortest observation time that explained the most variation in total daily visits per unit time) was 1h for both sexes. These results show that RFID and other automated technologies can be used to quantify behavior when human observation is constrained, and the information from these monitoring technologies can be useful for evaluating the efficacy of human observation methods.

Use of Radio Frequency Identification to Establish Emergency Medical Service Offload Times

Emergency medical services (EMS) crews often wait for emergency department (ED) beds to become available to offload their patients. Presently there is no national benchmark for EMS turnaround or offload times, or method for objectively and reliably measuring this. This study introduces a novel method for monitoring offload times and identifying variance. We performed a descriptive, observational study in a large urban community teaching hospital. We affixed radio frequency identification (RFID) tags (Confidex Survivor™, Confidex, Inc., Glen Ellyn, IL) to 65 cots from 19 different EMS agencies and placed a reader (CaptureTech Weatherproof RFID Interpreter, Barcoding Inc., Baltimore, Maryland) in the ED ambulance entrance, allowing for passive recording of traffic. We recorded data for 16 weeks starting December 2009. Offload times were calculated for each visit and analyzed using STATA to show variations in individual and cumulative offload times based on the time of day and day of the week. Results are presented as median times, confidence intervals (CIs), and interquartile ranges (IQRs). We collected data on 2,512 visits. Five hundred and ninety-two were excluded because of incomplete data, leaving 1,920 (76%) complete visits. Average offload time was 13.2 minutes. Median time was 10.7 minutes (IQR 8.1 minutes to 15.4 minutes). A total of 43% of the patients (833/1,920, 95% CI 0.41–0.46) were offloaded in less than 10 minutes, while 27% (513/1,920, 95% CI 0.25–0.29) took greater than 15 minutes. Median times were longest on Mondays (11.5 minutes) and shortest on Wednesdays (10.3 minutes). Longest daily median offload time occurred between 1600 and 1700 (13.5 minutes), whereas the shortest median time was between 0800 and 0900 (9.3 minutes). Cumulative time spent waiting beyond 15 minutes totaled 72.5 hours over the study period. RFID monitoring is a simple and effective means of monitoring EMS traffic and wait times. At our institution, most squads are able to offload their patients within 15 minutes, with many in less than 10 minutes. Variations in wait times are seen and are a topic for future study.

THE EFFICIENCY OF VEHICLE MONITORING LOCATIONS FOR A VOLUNTARY TRAVEL DEMAND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM

As many people are concerned about sustainable urban transportation systems, Travel Demand Management (TDM) is getting more attention as a viable option to reduce automobile dependency on an efficient way. Especially, voluntary participation-based TDM by offering incentives has been applied in many cities in recent years. The city of Seoul with 10 million population is offering incentives including an annual vehicle tax discount to increase the participation of Weekly No-driving Day (WND) program, a voluntary TDM program encouraging drivers to leave their cars home at least one weekday a week. The compliance of the program rule is monitored by Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) systems. In this study, to check the efficiency of the RFID monitoring system, the flow capturing location model is utilized to evaluate the adequateness of the RFID reader locations. Also, this paper proposes an optimal detection rate for the WND program based on economic evaluation results in consideration of costs and benefits of the program.

The Application of RFID Monitoring Technology to Patrol Management System in Petrochemical Industry

A lot of manufacturers tend to enhance the management efficacy and reduce the management costs by investing large resources in the research and development of radio frequency identification (RFID). For petrochemical industry, an effective, reliable, and secure patrol management system is primary. Nevertheless, traditional patrol management focuses on labor patrol that the field staff master in the corrosion, leakage, and pipe aging of production equipment. Although equipment inspection and patrol items are scheduled every day, some problems still need to be overcome. After completing traditional patrol tasks, extra time and manpower are required for organizing the patrol records and filling them into electronic document. In the process, it is likely to key in wrong data because of the numerous patrol items. Apparently, without systematic management, supervisors and shift leaders can hardly find out data errors and analyze the abundant data for complete risk evaluation and process security improvement. An RFID-based patrol management system suitable for petrochemical industry is proposed in this study. The system corresponds to the field environment requirements and regulations for petrochemical plants, integrates operation procedure and information procedure, and evaluates and includes various dimensions and variables through interviews and technological analyses to enhance the process security. Active processing equipment monitoring could enhance the preventive maintenance efficiency and promote the production capacity and industrial competitiveness.

Investigation of RFID-based Workflow Analysis

Investigation of RFID-based Workflow Analysis

RFID Probable <I>k</I>-NN Query Techniques in the Semi-Constraint Space

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 半限制空间内的RFID 可能性k-近邻查询技术 DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1001.2012.04060 作者: 作者单位: 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金(61003058, 60933001); 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)(2012CB316201); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(N110404006) RFID Probable k-NN Query Techniques in the Semi-Constraint Space Author: Affiliation: Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:作为一种监控与跟踪车流和人类活动等的潜在技术,RFID(radio frequency identification)已经在数据库领域得到了很大关注.RFID 监控对象上的k-近邻查询是一种最重要的时空查询,能够用来支持有价值的高层信息分析.但是,不同于没有限制的空间和基于限制的空间,RFID 监控场景通常被设置在一种半限制的空间内,需要新的存储和距离计算策略.此外,监控对象位置的不确定性对查询语义和处理方法提出了挑战.提出了半限制空间的概念, 并且分析了基于RFID 的半限制空间的模型.基于半限制空间,在给定一个动态查询点的基础上,提出了3 种模型和算法以有效地估计可能性k-近邻的查询结果,并采用一些特殊的索引技术加快查询的速度.实验对提出算法的效率和准确性进行了评估,表明了相关方法的有效性. Abstract:As a promising technology for monitoring and tracing the vehicle flows and human activities, radio frequency identification (RFID) has received much attention in database community. k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) query over RFID monitored objects is one of the most important spatio-temporal queries used to support valuable information analysis. Different from the constraint-free space and constraint-based space, however, RFID monitoring scenario is usually merged into a semi-constraint space, which desires new data storage and distance evaluation strategies. Furthermore, the uncertainty of the monitored object locations challenges the query semantics and processing methods. In this paper, the concept of semi-constraint space is proposed, and the RFID-based semi-constraint space model is analyzed. Based on the semi-constraint space, three models and algorithms are proposed to estimate the probable k-NN results given a dynamic query point. Some special indexing techniques are adopted to speed the query. The experiment evaluates the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithms and proves the effectiveness of relative methods. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

A Novel Method for Modeling RFID Data

The applications of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Electronic Product Code (EPC) in supply chain management have vast potential in improving effectiveness and efficiencies in solving supply chain problems. RFID data, however, have their own unique characteristics – including aggregation, location, temporal and history-oriented – which have to be fully considered and integrated into the RFID data model which is constructed for RFID application system. In this paper, we use an expressive temporal data model for RFID data. This data model is based on Entity-Relation (ER) model with minimum extension and highlights the state history and temporal semantics of the RFID system business processes. We also show common RFID data tracking and monitoring types, and propose methods to express such queries based on this data model.

RFID and CCTV-Based Material Delivery Monitoring for Cable-Stayed Bridge Construction

The effective management of construction materials is critical to the successful execution of large-scale infrastructure projects. A cable-stayed bridge construction, for which diverse and complex structural components must be monitored, is no exception. To improve the effectiveness and efficiency of bridge-component management, we developed a material delivery monitoring system using closed-circuit television (CCTV) and radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies. The RFID technology was used to identify the structural components of the cable-stayed bridge; CCTV cameras acquired site image data that helped field engineers confirm the delivery of construction components. The RFID information and image data were saved to a main server database for systematic management of construction materials. A case study conducted at a cable-stayed bridge construction site verified the applicability and capability of the developed system. The system has considerable potential to significantly improve the current...

A post‐retail consumer application of RFID in medical supply chains

PurposeThe purpose of the paper is to investigate the feasibility of using radio frequency identification (RFID) total asset visibility technologies for post‐consumer monitoring and ordering of medical supplies.Design/methodology/approachA laboratory experiment in a consumer context was designed. This involved the application of RFID tag technology for glucose monitoring and supply management.FindingsIt was found that embedded RFID monitoring of blood glucose levels can be used to effectively monitor and help manage patient care. An integrated system of monitoring and management with an effective medical supply chain information system is presented.Research limitations/implicationsThe laboratory study provides initial validation of the merits of the approach. Extensive human field‐testing would still be required prior to any strong inference about the viability of the technology in this application.Practical implicationsThe findings provide a directly relevant system design template for home managed patient care settings where self‐administered medication protocols are required. The findings may also be extended into consumable consumer products like food and beverages where the management of home‐based supplies are a critical component of supply chain effectiveness and consumer satisfaction.Originality/valueThe results extend the use of RFID as a total asset visibility tool for enterprise resource planning in a supply chain. Post‐consumer consumption monitoring, tracking, and automated re‐ordering have not been extensively addressed in the literature.

Demonstration (DEMO) of radiofrequency identification (RFID) system for tracking and monitoring of nuclear materials

The US Department of Energy (DOE) [Environmental Management (EM), Office of Packaging and Transportation (EM-45)] Packaging Certification Program (PCP) has developed a radiofrequency identification (RFID) tracking and monitoring system for the management of nuclear materials packages during storage and transportation. The system, developed by the PCP team at Argonne National Laboratory, involves hardware modification, application software development, secured database and web server development, and irradiation experiments. In April 2008, Argonne tested key features of the RFID tracking and monitoring system in a weeklong, 1700 mile (2736 km) demonstration employing 14 empty type B fissile material drums of three designs (models 9975, 9977 and ES-3100) that have been certified for shipment by the DOE and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission. The demonstration successfully integrated global positioning system (GPS) technology for vehicle tracking, satellite/cellular (general packet radio service, or GPRS) technologies for wireless communication, and active RFID tags with multiple sensors (seal integrity, shock, temperature, humidity and battery status) on drums. In addition, the demonstration integrated geographic information system (GIS) technology with automatic alarm notifications of incidents and generated buffer zone reports for emergency response and management of staged incidents. The demonstration was sponsored by EM and the US National Nuclear Securitymore » Administration, with the participation of Argonne, Savannah River and Oak Ridge National Laboratories. Over 50 authorised stakeholders across the country observed the demonstration via secured Internet access. The DOE PCP and national laboratories are working on several RFID system implementation projects at selected DOE sites, as well as continuing device and systems development and widening applications beyond DOE sites and possibly beyond nuclear materials to include other radioactive materials.« less

Unobtrusive Long-Range Detection of Passive RFID Tag Motion

This paper presents a novel method for detecting the motion of passive radio-frequency-identification (RFID) tags within the field of a detecting antenna. The method allows the unobtrusive detection of human interactions with RFID-tagged objects without requiring any modifications to existing communications protocols or RFID hardware. We use the response rate (a metric in lieu of the true received RF-signal intensity) at the reader to study the impact of tag translation, rotation, and coupling, as well as environmental effects. Performance is improved by introducing the idea of multiple tags/readers. Movement-detection algorithms are developed and integrated into the RFID monitoring system, and verified by experiments that demonstrate excellent results.