Radio Data System Research Articles

ВИКОРИСТАННЯ РЕФЕРЕНТНИХ СТАНЦІЙ В НАВІГАЦІЇ

One of the most important instruments on a ship is the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receiver, which is designed to determine the ship's position. But these receivers, working with open source, determine the location of the vessel with an accuracy of (10 ... 15) m. In some situations, much greater accuracy is required. For this purpose, there were created stations that operate in differential mode, with their help you can determine the location of the vessel with an accuracy of 2-4 meters. Transmission of differential corrections from the base station to the consumer can be carried out using radio communication, satellite communication systems (for example, INMARSAT), as well as using digital data transmission technology RDS (Radio Data System) on the frequencies of FM radio stations. Currently, many countries already have a developed network of base (differential) stations, constantly broadcasting corrections to a certain territory. For example, in the USA, differential corrections are transmitted by the Coast Guard through marine radio buoys operating at frequencies (283.5...325.0) kHz. This research article analyzesthe influence of reference stations on the accuracy of determining the location during navigation. By comparing the known coordinates (obtained as a result of precision geodetic surveying) with the coordinates measured by the receiver and the calculated ranges, the basic navigation receiver forms corrections that are transmitted to consumers via communication channels. Combining several differential stations into a single computer system allows you to perform operations on the transportation of oversized cargo in restricted conditions (rivers, canals, ports, etc.), conducting hydrographic work with great accuracy. For water transport, the precise positioning system has many applications: dredging, prevention and analysis of accidents during the navigation in restricted areas, control of mooring of ships. Accurate navigation systems are technologies of the future. Their application is one of the main trends in the development of modern science and industry. Keywords: Global Navigation Satellite System, reference stations, differential mode, GNSS receiver, accuracy.

СУЧАСНЕ ЦИФРОВЕ СУДНОБУДУВАННЯ

In this article, we will look at what modern IT developments are changing in the world now and make life easier both on water and on land. Updated remote diagnostics system RDS (Radio Data System), a solution from the ABB Ability portfolio. Representations of the ABB Ability Digital Powertrain solution. Dynamic positioning system ABB Ability Marine Pilot Control. 2019: ABB Ability Electrical Distribution Control System. 2020: ABB Ability Smart Sensor.

Super-Resolution Time of Arrival Estimation for a Symbiotic FM Radio Data System

A symbiotic FM radio data system (SRDS) refers to a kind of digital broadcasting whose signal co-exists with the FM in channel. The SRDS signal has a symmetrical split spectrum in the band of the host FM signal spectrum. Like the FM signal, this kind of broadcasting signal also has a wide range of ground coverage. When used as an alternative to the positioning, navigation and timing (PNT), it will be meaningful for intelligent artifacts in safety-of-life applications. However, SRDS signals not only have much narrower bandwidth than GNSS signals, but also multiple peaks of auto-correlation function, which poses a serious challenge to the time of arrival (ToA) estimation. In this paper, we propose a super-resolution ToA estimation algorithm for the SRDS signals. Specifically, the properties of the auto-correlation function of SRDS signal are deduced concretely, and a two-step ToA estimation algorithm for the SRDS signal is proposed accordingly. Simulations are conducted with different configurations of quantization bits, SNR, oversampling rates and multi-path. The results show that the meter-level ranging performance can be obtained in the single-path Gaussian channel, and the ranging performance degrades from tens of meters to a hundred meters in multi-path environments.

Carrier frequency offset estimation for FM and symbiotic FM radio data system hybrid signal

The symbiotic FM radio data system (SRDS) is a radio data system that a specially designed OFDM signal co-lives with FM signal, which enables a significantly higher data rate than existing radio data systems. The cyclic prefix of the OFDM symbol has the same length as the OFDM body, which enables the analytic separation of the co-channel OFDM and FM signal at receiver side, utilizing the fact that the OFDM body and prefix is equal. In this work, we show that the OFDM body and prefix cannot be viewed as equal when there is sufficient carrier frequency offset (CFO). Thus, we propose a two-step CFO estimation algorithm for FM and SRDS hybrid signal. The first step estimates the coarse CFO by exploring the characteristics of the FM signal. Once the coarse CFO is removed, the residual CFO is small enough for FM and OFDM separation. The second step fine estimates CFO from the OFDM-only signal using its repeated PN structure after the separation. Detailed mathematical equations are formulated and simulation results are given. The results show that the proposed algorithm works fine with the simulation setup and has a final residual CFO less than 3.9Hz.

Transmission of track name information on the FM radio station using Radiotext

The article develops a method of transmitting artist names and their tracks on FM radio using the additional function Radiotext in the radio data system (RDS), considers its principle of operation and scope, shows an example of basic software settings, received from the air information with the artist's name track. The main functions of the RDS system are considered.

Synchronous LoRa Communication by Exploiting Large-Area Out-of-Band Synchronization

Many new narrowband low-power wide-area networks (LPWANs) (e.g., LoRaWAN, Sigfox) have opted to use pure ALOHA-like access for its reduced control overhead and asynchronous transmissions. Although asynchronous access reduces the energy consumption of IoT devices, the network performance suffers from high intra-network interference in dense deployments. Contrarily, synchronous access can improve throughput and fairness, but it requires time synchronization. Unfortunately, maintaining synchronization over the narrowband LPWANs wastes channel time and transmission opportunities. In this paper, we propose the use of out-of-band time-dissemination to relatively synchronize LoRa devices and thereby facilitate resource-efficient slotted uplink communication. To this end, we conceptualize and analyze a co-designed synchronization and random access mechanism that can effectively exploit technologies providing limited time accuracy, such as FM radio data system (FM-RDS). While considering the LoRa-specific parameters, we derive the throughput of the proposed mechanism, compare it to a generic synchronous random access using in-band synchronization, and design the communication parameters under time uncertainty. We scrutinize the transmission time uncertainty of a device by introducing a clock error model that accounts for the errors in the synchronization source, local clock, propagation delay, and transceiver's transmission time uncertainty. We characterize the time uncertainty of FM-RDS with hardware measurements and perform simulations to evaluate the proposed solution. The results, presented in terms of success probability, throughput, and fairness for a single-cell scenario, suggest that FM-RDS, despite its poor absolute synchronization, can be used effectively to realize slotted LoRa communication with performance similar to that of more accurate time-dissemination technologies.

BER‐optimal selection of peak frequency deviation for RDS2

RDS2 is a newly proposed enhancement of the radio data system (RDS) for frequency modulation (FM) broadcasting, aiming at increasing the data rate. This Letter investigates the BER of the data streams of RDS2. Specifically, the authors propose a selection criterion for the peak frequency deviations of the individual data streams, based on a minimax-BER approach. They also theoretically verify that symbol shifting reduces the peak deviation of the RDS2 data signal by an amount of 25%. Simulation results confirm their theoretical findings.

Emergency Broadcast System Based On GIS

Nowadays, disaster occurs more and more frequently, which brings huge losses to the society. Presented a GIS based emergency broadcast system (GIS-EBS), to provide rapid, accurate information to the public, can reduce the people’s losses maximum. Different from the traditional radio data system (RDS), by adding broadcasting terminal control instruction on the FM signal, GIS-EBS extended the RDS protocol, which can control each radio terminal’s state. And through the extended RDS protocol, GIS-EBS can broadcast and release the emergency information to the right place and the people most in need in the shortest time.

An improved Huffman coding with encryption for Radio Data System (RDS) for smart transportation

ABSTRACTAs the development of Radio Data System (RDS) technology and its applications are getting more and more attention and promotion, people concern their personal privacy and communication efficiency, and therefore compression and encryption technologies are being more important for transferring RDS data. Unlike most of the current approaches which contain two stages, compression and encryption, we proposed a new algorithm called Swapped Huffman Table (SHT) based on Huffman algorithm to realise compression and encryption in a single process. In this paper, a good performance for both compression and encryption is obtained and a possible application of RDS with the proposed algorithm in smart transportation is illustrated.

ROCS: Exploiting FM Radio Data System for Clock Calibration in Sensor Networks

Clock synchronization is critical for many WSNs due to the need of inter-node coordination and collaborative information processing. Existing protocols based on message passing achieve satisfactory clock synchronization accuracy, however, incur prohibitively high overhead especially in large-scale networks. In this paper, we propose a new clock synchronization approach called ROCS which exploits the radio data system (RDS) from FM radio stations. First, we design a new hardware FM receiver that can extract a periodic pulse from FM broadcasts, referred to as RDS clock. We then conduct a large-scale measurement study of RDS clock in our lab for a period of six days and on a vehicle driving through a metropolitan area of over $40\,\rm {km}^2$ . Our results show that RDS clock is highly stable and hence is a viable means to calibrate the clocks of large-scale city-wide sensor networks. To reduce the high power consumption of FM receiver, ROCS adaptively calibrates the native clock via the RDS clock. We implement ROCS in TinyOS on our hardware FM receiver and a TelosB-compatible WSN platform. Our extensive experiments using a 12-node testbed and our driving measurement traces show that ROCS achieves accurate and precise clock synchronization with low power consumption.

Managing Identity Tensions during Mobile Ecosystem Evolution

The idea of an ecosystem suggests a holistic framing of how heterogeneous actors relate to one another and of the dynamics of their relationships. Because of the dynamics some relationships will become uncertain, posing significant challenge to the identity of participating organizations. Unfortunately, the Information Systems (IS) literature has not examined how organizations develop and negotiate their identities during ecosystem evolution. We fill this void by exploring identity challenges that Swedish Road Administration (SRA) faced while implementing the Radio Data System – Traffic Message Channel (RDS – TMC) traffic information service. Through a longitudinal case study we follow how SRA's inherited expectations, guiding norms, and standards of sense-giving about its identity prevented it from becoming a flexible service provider within an emerging mobile ecosystem. We record a constant clash – the identity tension – between the old inherited identity of a public road administrator and the aspiring new identity of a digital service provider. To enact a successful identity change, SRA had to engage in a series of change episodes whereby it deliberately implemented new routines that forged novel relationships with actors within the ecosystem. This permitted SRA to gradually align its identity to the evolving needs of the RDS-TMC service ecosystem. Our findings suggest that deliberate attempts to implement innovative mobile services – especially those involving public-private partnerships – trigger intriguing identity ambiguities and role dilemmas, and future research should therefore focus on effective strategies to identify, manage, and resolve inherent identity tensions.

Modern analog and digital communication systems development using GNU Radio with USRP

In this modern world many communication devices are highly intelligent and interconnected between each other. Any up-gradation of the hardware in the existing communication devices is not easier one. Compatibility of the new hardware with existing hardware is highly essential. But the new protocols may or may not support the older one. The solution for these problems can be provided by using the reconfigurable hardware design. The hardware can be reprogrammed according to the new change in technology up-gradation. The cost of commercially available hardware and software requirements for setting up such a module is very high. This can be solved by using Open source hardware and software such as Universal Software Radio Peripheral (USRP) and GNU Radio. This work demonstrates how the modern analog communication system like Community Radio Schemes and Radio Data System (RDS) and digital communication systems such as Simple Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB) and OFDM based data communication can be developed using the Open source hardware USRP1. This work will be helpful even for first year level of engineering students to easily implement any communication and control applications with cheaper cost.

Road traffic information using a dedicated radio beacon

Traffic information is available on national and local FM radio throughout Europe. Dedicated motorway FM radio frequencies exist in some European countries. Radio traffic information limited coverage areas also exist in different countries. In this article, we present, develop and evaluate a radio beacon that instantly delivers traffic information to oncoming drivers over communication ranges several hundred meters in distance. This beacon uses a low power co-channel repeater to achieve a single isofrequency seamless communication network. The proposed local beacon effectively overrides the network-wide signal for a targeted road segment. The beacon is operated over large audience frequencies. The aim of this beacon is to deliver emergency information to drivers, using the existing unmodified car radios. No particular action is necessary for the car drivers to receive the alert information transparently. To enhance the beacon effectiveness, Radio Data System (RDS) and RDS Traffic Message Channel (RDS–TMC) services are also supported. This particular Vehicle to Vehicle communication system is intended to work as a complementary means to existing optical driver information systems. The FM radio beacon objectives are described and some initial on site measurements are performed to define the beacon technical requirements. The theoretical concept of the beacon is detailed and some associated laboratory measurements used to validate its working mode are provided. A technical description of a prototype equipment assembly is presented. Results obtained during experimentation campaigns along a motorway network are analyzed.

FM 99.9, Radio Virus: Exploiting FM Radio Broadcasts for Malware Deployment

Many modern smartphones and car radios are shipped with embedded FM radio receiver chips. The number of devices with similar chips could grow very significantly if the U.S. Congress decides to make their inclusion mandatory in any portable device as suggested by organizations such as the RIAA. While the main goal of embedding these chips is to provide access to traditional FM radio stations, a side effect is the availability of a data channel, the FM Radio Data System (RDS), which connects all these devices. Different from other existing IP-based data channels among portable devices, this new one is open, broadcast in nature, and so far completely ignored by security providers. This paper illustrates for the first time how to exploit the FM RDS protocol as an attack vector to deploy malware that, when executed, gains full control of the victim's device. We show how this attack vector allows the adversary to deploy malware on different platforms. Furthermore, we have shown the infection is undetected on devices running the Android OS, since malware detection solutions are limited in their ability due to some features of the Android security model. We support our claims by implementing an attack using RDS on different devices available on the market (smartphones, car radios, and tablets) running three different versions of Android OS. We also provide suggestions on how to limit the threat posed by this new attack vector and explain what are the design choices that make Android vulnerable. However, there are no straightforward solutions. Therefore, we also wish to draw the attention of the security community towards these attacks and initiate more research into countermeasures.

RDS 방송에서 대체주파수로의 전환기법에 관한 연구

The reception quality of broadcasting in car radio system may become poor due to the noise such as week signal strength, multipath, Adjacent Channel and so on. To improve this, some european nations and US. serve RDS(Radio Data System) on FM radio, AF(Alternative Frequency) and PI(Programme Identification) code contained information in RDS data are used to switch to the broadcasting having the best reception quality. There are many techniques and studies of maintaining the best reception quality. But many previous techniques are no longer the best way because RF chips are improved every year and noise components can be distinguished in detail. So this research will suggest the best switching technique to maintain the best reception quality.

Airborne Collision Avoidance System for low attitude flights using Radio Data System

Radio Data System (RDS) is a mature technique which has been developed over the past 20 years. Due to the common use of FM radio, the traits of low estate requirement and the convenience in broadcasting, RDS is suitable for use in wireless transmission of large-range and low-load data. This proposes the application of RDS in the Traffic Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) for low altitude flights. The real-time surveillance information from the airport control center of low attitude flights can be wirelessly transmitted in real-time to the RDS receiver in the aircrafts. Because of the low-price of RDS broadcast station and the widespread use of RDS receiver contributed by the application of RDS-TMC for car navigation system in recent years, using RDS as the redundancy communication system in low altitude flights is plausible in almost every aspect, Nevertheless, one thing left to be desired is the slow transferring speed (1187.5 bps) of RDS, which is amended in this research by particularly designed data formats to reduce the information load in each transmission. As a result, the application proposed herein is feasible.

Fast algorithm for data frame synchronization in radio data system

After the first switched on or after a prolonged signal-fade, the receiver of Radio Data System (RDS) must achieve synchronization quickly. The standard algorithm, which calculates the product (modulo-two) of the received binary sequence multiplied by the parity-check matrix to check whether the receiver has achieved synchronization, is very slow. A data frame synchronous fast algorithm based on look-up table was proposed in this paper. The standard algorithm was simplified into the problem of solving three bytes remainder for the received binary sequence. Whether the receiver is synchronized can be determined by checking the remainder table. The fast algorithm improved the operating speed and reduced the demanding memory space. Simulation result indicated the validity and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

Visual Sampling of In-Vehicle Text Messages

Emerging in-vehicle technology associated with radio data systems, satellite radio, navigation aids, and infotainment systems will expose drivers to an increasing amount of textual information. The visual demands of driving make it critically important to understand how characteristics of such information affect visual sampling of the roadway. This study used a medium-fidelity driving simulator to evaluate the effect of scroll control (manual or automatic), the number of lines displayed (one, two, or four), and scrolling strategy (line by line or page by page) on drivers’ visual sampling behavior of text messages. Fifteen men and 15 women aged 25 to 51 (mean 35.7, s.d. 7.5) participated. Consistent with previous models of sampling behavior, text message characteristics affected the number of glances much more strongly than the duration of glances, and drivers were able to protect driving performance even with a demanding secondary visual task. However, the number of lines of text displayed increased the mean glance duration, the variability of glance duration, and the number of glances greater than 2 s. Scrolling text line by line increased visual demand relative to scrolling page by page, particularly when scrolling is manually controlled by the driver. Manual control of scrolling by using a touch screen button led to greater visual demand compared with automatically scrolled text.

Visual Sampling of In-Vehicle Text Messages: Effects of Number of Lines, Page Presentation, and Message Control

Emerging in-vehicle technology associated with radio data systems, satellite radio, navigation aids, and infotainment systems will expose drivers to an increasing amount of textual information. The visual demands of driving make it critically important to understand how characteristics of such information affect visual sampling of the roadway. This study used a medium-fidelity driving simulator to evaluate the effect of scroll control (manual or automatic), the number of lines displayed (one, two, or four), and scrolling strategy (line by line or page by page) on drivers' visual sampling behavior of text messages. Fifteen men and 15 women aged 25 to 51 (mean 35.7, s.d. 7.5) participated. Consistent with previous models of sampling behavior, text message characteristics affected the number of glances much more strongly than the duration of glances, and drivers were able to protect driving performance even with a demanding secondary visual task. However, the number of lines of text displayed increased the mean glance duration, the variability of glance duration, and the number of glances greater than 2 s. Scrolling text line by line increased visual demand relative to scrolling page by page, particularly when scrolling is manually controlled by the driver. Manual control of scrolling by using a touch screen button led to greater visual demand compared with automatically scrolled text.

A 1.2 mW RDS receiver for portable applications

A 0.9 V 1.2 mA fully integrated radio data system (RDS) receiver for the 88-108 MHz FM broadcasting band is presented. Requiring only a few external components (matching network, VCO inductors, loop filter components), the receiver, which has been integrated in a standard digital 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, achieves a noise figure of 5 dB and a sensitivity of -86dBm. The circuit can be configured and the RDS data retrieved via an I/sup 2/C interface so that it can very simply be used as a peripheral in any portable application. A 250 kHz low-IF architecture has been devised to minimize the power dissipation of the baseband filters and FM demodulator. The frequency synthesizer consumes 250 /spl mu/A, the RF front-end 450 /spl mu/A while providing 40 dB of gain, the baseband filter and limiters 100 /spl mu/A, and the FM and BPSK analog demodulators 300 /spl mu/A. The chip area is 3.6 mm/sup 2/.