Radio-controlled Helicopter Research Articles

Analisa Sinyal Remote Control Untuk Aplikasi Pengendali Jarak Jauh

Indonesia's aerospace sector plays a crucial role in maintaining national sovereignty. However, the country's airspace is often infiltrated by irresponsible parties, necessitating an effective monitoring system. Unmanned radio-controlled helicopters are a potential solution, although they are limited in range. This study aims to design a long-range control system for radio-controlled helicopters using satellite phone communication, which offers wide coverage and can reach remote areas. The system comprises a remote control, a radio converter circuit, an audio mixer, and a satellite phone. The radio converter functions to transform the radio control signal frequency into its original frequency without a carrier frequency, which is then re-converted to be compatible with satellite phone input for signal transmission. Test results indicate that the system can transmit control signals with adequate frequency stability within the expected range. Despite minor oscillator instability at certain stages, the system overall operates as designed. In conclusion, this satellite phone-based control system effectively extends the operational range of radio-controlled helicopters and serves as a strategic solution for monitoring Indonesia's airspace.

System identification and robust attitude control of an unmanned helicopter using novel low-cost flight control system

In recent years, unmanned aerial systems have attracted great attention due to the electronic systems technology advancements. Among these vehicles, unmanned helicopters are more important because of their special abilities and superior performance. The complex nonlinear dynamic system (caused by main rotor flapping dynamics coupled with the rigid body rotational motion) and considerable effects of ambient disturbance make their utilization hard in actual missions. Attitude dynamics have the main role in helicopter stabilization, so implementing proper control system for attitude is an important issue for unmanned helicopter hovering and trajectory tracking performance. Besides this, experimental utilization of low-cost flight control system for unmanned helicopters is still a challenging task. In this article, dynamic modeling, system identification, and robust control system implementation of roll and pitch dynamics of an unmanned helicopter is performed. A TRex-600E radio-controlled helicopter is equipped with a novel low-cost flight control system designed and constructed based on Raspberry Pi Linux-based microcomputer. Using Raspberry Pi makes this platform simpler to utilize and more time and cost-effective than similar platforms used before. The experiments are performed on a 5-degree-of-freedom testbed. The robust control system is designed based on [Formula: see text] method and is evaluated in real flight tests. The experiment results show that the proposed platform has the ability to successfully control the roll and pitch dynamics of the unmanned helicopter.

Digital image correlation displacement measurement of a rotating RC helicopter blade

Abstract An image sensing methodology is developed to enable structural integrity monitoring of rotating parts. The proposed approach is based on simultaneously triggering two high-speed cameras in order to acquire images of the rotating subject in an apparent fixed position and employing 3D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) thereafter to acquire shape and measure total deformation. A controller was developed to generate the trigger signals at appropriate times and is capable of supporting multiple use cases. The present contribution includes the application of this method to a radio-controlled helicopter's rotor blade under dynamic loading from rotation at 680 rpm and a comparison of this method with previous results.

青森県におけるいもち病発生予察システム(GoogleMap版BLASTAM)を活用した無人ヘリによるイネいもち病効率的防除の現地実証試験

青森県におけるいもち病発生予察システム(GoogleMap版BLASTAM)を活用した無人ヘリによるイネいもち病効率的防除の現地実証試験

On-Farm Research for Efficient Control of Rice Blast Disease with a Radio-controlled Helicopter using the Rice Blast Forecasting System Based on Google Maps in the Japan Seaside Areas of the Tohoku District: Focusing on Results Obtained in the Fields of Noshiro City, Akita Prefecture

On-Farm Research for Efficient Control of Rice Blast Disease with a Radio-controlled Helicopter using the Rice Blast Forecasting System Based on Google Maps in the Japan Seaside Areas of the Tohoku District: Focusing on Results Obtained in the Fields of Noshiro City, Akita Prefecture

Seasonal Occurrence of Soybean Pod Borer Leguminivora glycinivorella and its Chemical Control by Radio-Controlled Helicopter in Soybean Fields in Aomori Prefecture, Japan

Seasonal Occurrence of Soybean Pod Borer <i>Leguminivora glycinivorella</i><b> </b>and its Chemical Control by Radio-Controlled Helicopter in Soybean Fields in Aomori Prefecture, Japan

Displacement measurement and shape acquisition of an RC helicopter blade using Digital Image Correlation

The present work addresses the development and implementation of an image sensing methodology for Structural Integrity Monitoring of rotating parts such as aircraft rotor blades. The availability of blade deformation data can enhance the quality of the numerical models and increase the confidence on the simulations. The proposed approach to the problem of deformation measurement on moving subjects uses simultaneously triggered high-speed cameras to bring the rotating subject to an apparent still position, and using 3D Digital Image Correlation (DIC) thereafter to acquire shape and measure total deformation and local strain and stress. The presented contribution involves the use of 3D DIC for displacement measurement and shape acquisition of a radio-controlled helicopter's rotor blade under dynamic loads resultant from rotation at its minimum and maximum speeds (approximately 600 and 1200 rpm respectively).

Estimation of Rice Crop Quality and Harvest Amount from Helicopter Mounted NIR Camera Data and Remote Sensing Satellite Data

Estimation of rice crop quality and harvest amount in paddy fields with the different rice stump density derived from helicopter mounted NIR camera and remote sensing satellite data is made. Using the intensive study site of rice paddy fields with managing, estimation of protein content in rice crop and nitrogen content in rice leaves through regression analysis with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index: NDVI derived from camera mounted on a radio-control helicopter is made together with harvest amount of rice crops. Through experiments at rice paddy fields which is situated at Saga Prefectural Agriculture Research Institute SPRIA in Saga city, Japan, it is found that protein content in rice crops is highly correlated with NDVI which is acquired with visible and Near Infrared: NIR camera mounted on radio-control helicopter. It also is found that nitrogen content in rice leaves is correlated to NDVI as well. Protein content in rice crop is negatively proportional to rice taste. Therefore rice crop quality can be evaluated through NDVI observation of rice paddy field.

Relation between Rice Crop Quality (Protein Content) and Fertilizer Amount as Well as Rice Stump Density Derived from Helicopter Data

Relation between protein content in rice crops and fertilizer amount as well as rice stump density is clarified with a multi-spectral camera data mounted on a radio-wave controlled helicopter. Estimation of protein content in rice crop and total nitrogen content in rice leaves through regression analysis with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index: NDVI derived from camera mounted radio-controlled helicopter is already proposed. Through experiments at rice paddy fields which is situated at Saga Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture: SPRIA in Saga city, Japan, it is found that total nitrogen content in rice leaves is linearly proportional to fertilizer amount and NDVI. Also, it is found that protein content in rice crops is positively proportional to fertilizer amount for lower fertilizer amount while protein content in rice crop is negatively proportional to fertilizer amount for relatively high fertilizer amount.

Estimation of Protein Content in Rice Crop and Nitrogen Content in Rice Leaves Through Regression Analysis with NDVI Derived from Camera Mounted Radio-Control Helicopter

Estimation of protein content in rice crop and nitrogen content in rice leaves through regression analysis with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index: NDVI derived from camera mounted radio-control helicopter is proposed. Through experiments at rice paddy fields which is situated at Saga Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture: SPRIA in Saga city, Japan, it is found that protein content in rice crops is highly correlated with NDVI which is acquired with visible and Near Infrared: NIR camera mounted on radio-control helicopter. It also is found that nitrogen content in rice leaves is correlated to NDVI as well. Protein content in rice crop is negatively proportional to rice taste. Therefore rice crop quality can be evaluated through NDVI observation of rice paddy field.

Radio Controlled “3D Aerobatic Airplanes” as Basis for Fixed-Wing UAVs with VTOL Capability

There are fundamental performance compromises between rotary-wing and fixed-wing UAVs. The general solution to address this well-known problem is the design of a platform with some degree of reconfigurable airframes. For critical missions (civilian or military), it is imperative that mechanical complexity is kept to a minimum to help achieve mission success. This work proposes that the tried-and-true radio controlled (RC) aerobatic airplanes can be implemented as basis for fixed-wing UAVs having both speed and vertical takeoff and landing (VTOL) capabilities. These powerful and highly maneuverable airplanes have non-rotatable nacelles, yet capable of deep stall maneuvers. The power requirements for VTOL and level flight of an aerobatic RC airplane are evaluated and they are compared to those of a RC helicopter of similar flying weight. This work provides quantitative validation that commercially available RC aerobatic airplanes can serve as platform to build VTOL capable fixed-wing UAVs that are agile, cost effective, reliable and easy maintenance.

3G2 立体標識による単眼カメラを搭載したラジコン回転翼機の自己位置測定([GS]計測制御・ロボティクス・メカトロニクスI)

3G2 立体標識による単眼カメラを搭載したラジコン回転翼機の自己位置測定([GS]計測制御・ロボティクス・メカトロニクスI)

Flight Controller and Low-Cost Test Environment for a Simulated Helicopter

In this paper, optimal linear control techniques are utilised to control a radio-controlled helicopter (30 size) in the AeroSIMRC simulation environment. A grey-box time-domain system identification method is used to estimate a linear state space model that operates in hover mode. Identifying the unknown parameters in the model is highly dependent on the initial values and the input data. The model is divided into sub-systems to make estimation possible. The identified state space model shows a good measure of fit compared to the simulator's flight data. A linear quadratic controller forms the inner-loop, and an optimised PID outer-loop generates attitude commands from a given inertial position trajectory. An observer estimates the unmeasured states such as blade flapping. The controller is developed in Simulink® with a plug-in written for the AeroSIMRC flight simulator. The plug-in enables Simulink® to control the simulator through a User Datagram Protocol interface for the purpose of model and controller validation. The proposed methodology facilitates a low cost test environment for new flight control algorithms. The simulation results show that the controller keeps the helicopter stable in the presence of considerable environmental disturbances and plant uncertainties.

Multiscale assessment of green leaf cover in a semi-arid rangeland with a small unmanned aerial vehicle

Spatial variability in green leaf cover of a semi-arid rangeland was studied by comparing field measurements on 50 m crossed transects to aerial and satellite imagery. The normalized difference vegetation index was calculated for 2 cm resolution images collected with a multispectral digital camera mounted on a radio-controlled helicopter, as well as a 30 m resolution Landsat Thematic Mapper image. Variograms of green cover from these two sources show that the range of influence for spatial autocorrelation extended to a distance of approximately 200 m. Field transects that are much smaller than the extent of this spatial autocorrelation are more likely to fall within local deviations from the mean landscape condition. A sampling scheme that exceeds the spatial scale of these localized deviations is shown to reduce sample variance and require fewer sampling locations to reach a given level of measurement uncertainty. The time and cost of more spatially extensive sampling at each location may be less than deploying to a larger number of locations with smaller transects, and unmanned aerial vehicles may be a valuable tool in extending current field sampling strategies for quantifying the health of shrub-dominated rangelands.

MIMO Closed-Loop Subspace Model Identification and Hovering Control of a Coaxial Mini Helicopter with 3 DOFs

This paper reports the experimental results of the dynamic modelling using MIMO closed-loop system identification, controller design and implementation for hovering flight of a coaxial radio-controlled helicopter. The helicopter is set on our handcrafted supporting device, and it has the roll, side-to-side and up-and-down motions. The maneuvers are done by the aileron and the throttle. Hence, our system is with 2 inputs and 3 outputs. A dynamic model is derived for hovering flight conditions from closed-loop system identification experiments with the MOESP-type closed-loop subspace model identification method (CL-MOESP). Then, LQR with a full state observer is designed and implemented.

Development of Built-in System for Constructing a Students Experimental Equipment of Control Engineering

This paper presents a built-in system to construct an experimental tool for aiding to learn control engineering in a students experiment. The proposing system is ease to install to a commercial product has some actuators. Also, we developed a software application to control the modified product by the proposing system. Some of the functions of it are to edit, compile and execute a control algorithm written in C language, to show control process parameters on a real-time basis with a graph and to simulate the behavior of the experimental equipment. Using the system, we not only made an experimental tool from a radio control helicopter but also built the curriculum guidelines of the students experiment. They were performed at Tokuyama College of Technology and the result was evaluated from a questionnaire by students.

DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION METHODOLOGY OF AN INDOOR UAV SYSTEM WITH EMBEDDED VISION

This paper describes the design and construction of an autonomous indoor coaxial rotorcraft system with onboard vision processing capability. A radio-controlled (RC) helicopter was modified and upgraded with essential avionics and processing elements for autonomous flight. This paper shows that in an indoor environment, where GPS signals are unavailable, vision-based navigation system can be used as a substitution. An embedded vision system that is compact and light enough to be carried by indoor UAVs is integrated into the control loop. The system has been successfully tested and the UAV was able to follow a painted track on the ground autonomously.

해안표착물의 효율적인 모니터링을 위한 무선 조정 항공기 촬영기법의 적용

본 연구는 무인 항공사진 촬영을 이용하여 해안에 산재한 해안표착물을 탐지하는 새로운 방법을 제시하였다. 이동성과 신속성, 경제성이 우수한 소형 무선 조정 헬리콥터의 기체와 헬리콥터의 진동에 관계없이 연직 상태를 유지할 수 있는 짐벌 장치에 디지털카메라를 장착하여 항공사진 촬영을 시행하였다. 또한, 촬영된 영상으로부터 해안표착물을 탐지하기 위해 Matlab program을 이용한 디지털 영상처리 알고리즘을 고안하였다. 특히 고안된 알고리즘은 배경 차감 기법(Background subtraction method)을 적용하여 연구 대상 해안의 각기 다른 모래 상태로 인해 발생하는 물체 추출 오차를 감소시킴으로써 다양한 형태의 해안표착물을 안정적으로 탐지하는 결과를 보여주었다. 향후, 이 연구 방법을 적용한 해안표착물 모니터링이 이루어질 경우 모니터링 대상 구역 설정의 대표성 문제 해결 및 발생량 추정에 크게 기여할 수 있으며, 해양환경 감시 분야에 활용가능성이 클 것으로 판단된다. This study proposed detection method of Marine debris using unmanned aerial photography. For unmanned aerial photography, a RC(Radio Control) helicopter which has good movability and economics was used. To a camera mounting, a gimbal equipment was attached to the bottom of the RC helicopter. The gimbal equipment is very useful because it is not seriously affected by vibration and rolling. In addition, we invented that digital image processing algorithm using Matlab program for detection of marine debris from photographs. Particularly, background subtraction in invented algorithm was applied. As a result, marine debris of a variety of forms from different sand states of coast were reliably detected. In the future, monitoring using proposed method was expected to contribute that the solution to representative problem of monitoring area selecting and estimate the total litter mass over the beach. Moreover, It is considered a greater application possibility to marine environmental observations.

Cost-effective accurate estimates of adult chum salmon, Oncorhynchus keta, abundance in a Japanese river using a radio-controlled helicopter

This paper describes an attempt in 2008 to establish an aerial census of adult chum salmon using a small radio-controlled (RC) helicopter. The Moheji River, located in southern Hokkaido, was chosen because all the salmon in a stretch of the river between a weir and the estuary are seine-netted every morning for artificial propagation. Aerial photographs of the river were taken from a RC helicopter equipped with a digital single-lens reflex camera and polarized filter. To quantify salmon density within the census area, the number of salmon per aerial photograph was counted using image-processing software. Salmon could be clearly identified in photographs taken from an altitude of ∼30m. Salmon numbers estimated by aerial census and seine-netting were significantly related. The results indicate that a small RC helicopter can be used to generate adult salmon abundance data in Japanese rivers.

SPAD value estimation of paddy leaves using a hyperspectral sensor mounted on a radio-controlled helicopter

SPAD value estimation of paddy leaves using a hyperspectral sensor mounted on a radio-controlled helicopter