Radio Companies Research Articles

Minat Dan Kesiapan Diri Suksesor Dalam Suksesi Kepemimpinan Di Perusahaan Radio Swasta

This research was conducted in several family companies based in North Sumatra due to the presence of numerous private radio companies that can only manage their businesses for one to two generations. In this study, the variables of interest and successor readiness were used in the process of leadership succession in the researched private radio companies. The research was carried out descriptively using descriptive analysis, which was conducted through in-depth interviews. The research findings show that the interest of successors significantly influences the readiness of successors to take over leadership in private radio companies. Many private radio companies have not yet begun the succession process due to the interests of prospective successors. In order to improve their preparedness, successors often engage in capacity-building through various means, whether methodical or not. This shows the situation of many private radio companies that can only survive for one to two generations.

Management of Youth Creative Sound Broadcasting Program (Pro 2) at Rri Medan in Maintaining Its Existence

Managing broadcast programs on radio is not an easy thing, but it is a challenge that must be faced by radio companies. Moreover, managing a radio program means also managing its human resources. However, the success of the program also depends on the quality of the people working in that field. Therefore, good management is needed to realize a successful program. This study examines how the management and obstacles in the management are carried out by Radio Republik Indonesia (RRI) Medan City through planning, organizing, implementing and supervising which are applied to the Suara Creativity Broadcasting Program (Pro 2). This study aims to determine the management and obstacles in the creative sound broadcast program (Pro 2) at RRI Medan in maintaining its existence. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research methods and data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation. This study uses the theory of communication management put forward by George R. Terry. The results of this study indicate that planning as the first step of the program has been going well where the determination of a program idea, broadcast scheduling, and determining broadcast topics have been well formulated. The stage of organizing management is by preparing information to be conveyed through the program that has been prepared. The implementation phase is carried out on air and also publishes information through social media. The monitoring phase is carried out by means of evaluation, in the evaluation of things that are likely to occur can be changed or prevented. As well as obstacles in the implementation of broadcasting are the lack of innovation, the pressure of deadlines and weather conditions.

Television broadcasting of the Sumy region during the period of martial law: problems and challenges

Introduction. From the first day of Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, the majority of regional broadcasters and program service providers of Sumy Oblast found themselves in the zone of active hostilities. Therefore, the description of the work of border regional broadcasters during martial law is extremely relevant. Relevance of the study. The proposed study will provide an opportunity to learn the practical experience of border regional TV broadcasters of Sumy Oblast in war conditions, to identify problem areas that need to be eliminated, and the reactions of the media community and the state to them. Methodology. During the work on the research, a number of general scientific methods and techniques were used, including interviews with the heads of regional TV channels of Sumy Oblast, monitoring, content analysis, descriptive, analysis and synthesis. Results. It was found that the majority of TV and radio companies and software service providers of the Sumy region work today in difficult financial and economic conditions, their activities are affected by such factors as a lack of personnel; danger during business trips; emotional burnout and anxiety disorders; loss of confidence in financial stability; end of grant support and inability to finance work; stoppage of the advertising market; attacks on websites; loss of competitive advantages in the media environment. In addition, the threat of a repeated attack by the Russian army from the north and north-east is not excluded; new intense attacks on critical infrastructure will lead to blackouts and the absence of communication and the Internet. Despite this, the TRC of the region showed considerable solidarity in the most acute period, did not stop broadcasting and continue to work. Although it is becoming more and more difficult to do this every day. Currently, private media survive on the principle: «Make money for salaries or close the company» The financial component comes to the fore, which is a dangerous signal. As for the Public Broadcaster, the reformation (creation of a system of regional HUBs) worsened the position of regional branches. Regional broadcasters on the ground are currently not associated as separate “players”. Therefore, under such conditions, regional television companies cannot be as efficient as possible and fully fulfill their task of providing citizens with high-quality information services. Conclusions. The state already needs to think about the perspective of regional broadcasters’ functioning and their support, especially those broadcasters who work in border areas and are an informational outpost of Ukraine.

No habit, no listening. Radio and generation Z: snapshot of the audience data and the business strategy to connect with it

This article describes the most comprehensive study of the relationship between Generation Z and radio carried out in Spain to date, broadening the focus beyond data known from previous research and offering a structural view of the market from the perspective of media economics. An in-depth analysis of data previously unused in academic research, as well as interviews with the managers of various private radio companies (Ábside Media, Atresmedia Radio, Podium Podcast-Prisa Radio, and Grup Flaix), reveals the gradual loss of contact of Generation Z with this medium and highlights the characteristics of the low radio consumption by this cohort in Spain. Among other conclusions, the study identifies some of the factors which may prove relevant to attract this generation to content produced by radio companies, since there is the conviction that there is still time to reverse this situation. Examples include the development of exclusive digital content, brand maximization and community building, content designed and produced by Generation Z for Generation Z, the combination of paid and free access, and media literacy as a transversal public–private factor. This is a need that the sector must address as a whole.

Problems of automation of the broadcasting and production complex

In the TV and radio industry, the efficiency of the hardware and software of broadcast production complexes is the basis of competitive advantage, and therefore, in the context of global digitalization, television industry companies face the task of constantly improving broadcast production complexes. Such improvement is largely provided by new technologies, some of which are aimed at automating broadcasting processes. In the article, the author analyzes the existing problems of automation of broadcast production complexes and concludes that such problems are caused by the desire of TV and radio companies to replace the traditional approach to the production of programs using a team of specialists with software. However, the effectiveness of this approach is questionable, especially if the release of the program is associated with live work, where in an uncertain situation it is not possible to react promptly to any events using automated software. Hence, automation of production processes in the field of broadcasting becomes an effective and economical technology only with the correct configuration of the software and careful calculation of automation prospects. The real prospects for automation of broadcast production complexes are currently in almost unexplored areas for the television sphere - the areas of voice control, which is based on artificial intelligence based on various algorithms for training artificial neural networks, which requires additional study and development of an appropriate model adapted to a specific task.

A public sphere, on-demand: an assessment of local podcasting

ABSTRACT Commercial radio is slow to join the growing podcasting industry, particularly at the local level. This study documents attempts by radio stations to create and sustain local podcasts. A sample of 482 stations from across the United States was analyzed for podcast availability. Nearly two-thirds of stations offer no podcasts at all; less than 20% offer more than one. Podcast offerings were most present in the largest markets or as a product of the largest radio companies. These results build upon previous research on the shrinking local-radio public sphere, and point to a similar disinvestment based in entrenched, revenue-driven mind-sets.

Assessment reliability parameters of the DVB-T2 broadcasting station’s equipment with local content insertion

Local content modification provided to subscribers of the terrestrial digital television signal is necessary to provide the technical possibility of organizing inserts of local content signals, such as TV programs of regional broadcasters, as well as information on emergency situations. Broadcast multiplexes of federal TV programs are designed for use within the corresponding time zone (A, B, C, D, M). In each time zone, there are a number of regions, in each of which there are local TV and radio companies that produce local content that must be delivered to the subscribers of the whole subject. The task of embedding/modifying content at each remote transmitting station is performed by an inserter or local content insertion device (ETSI TS 102773). The reliability parameters of the restorable system for organizing terrestrial television broadcasting at a remote station with the content modification were calculated in this article. Tables and a graph of the broadcasting system states are presented, on the basis of which, systems of Kolmogorov differential equations are compiled. It was found that additional redundancy organized by connecting the output stream from the RX1 receiver directly to the transmitting device allows for a 2.5-fold increase in the average operating time between failures, as well as an increase in the availability factor by 5.26 percent. All calculations were performed using the SimInTech software package. The influence of automatic redundancy of the local content inserter and the transmitter on the occurrence of errors in the stream that affect the quality of the output signal is considered. The relationship between the availability factor and the components of the quality of service parameter – SAE, SDE and SIE is determined.

Tinular Tutur : Audio Drama Media Counter Hegemony Ruler of The New Order (Analysis of Critical Discourse)

The heyday of the 1980-1990 audio drama created by the Sanggar Cerita and the Teater Sanggar Prativi, Jakarta, Indonesia, was an industrial production of drama initiatives synergize between drama creators, pharmaceutical companies and herbal medicine as sponsors, and private radio companies that broadcast them. The productivity of audio drama works in the New Order era reached dozens of titles; some audio drama works produced up to 720 series or 24 episodes for two years broadcast. The audio drama Tutur Tinular by S. Tidjab uses history in Java (Singasari, Kediri, Majapahit) as a source of creation. Critical Discourse Analysis used (Norman Fairclough) is used to reveal texts, practices of discourse. Between social practices were resulting in the finding that in the audio drama, Tutur Tinular contains the behaviour of kings (rulers), royal authorities (patih, warlords), warriors (good people), criminals (bad people), and persecuted people. In the power New Order era, audio drama, which was considered an entertainment media and educational history of nationalism, was a media of resistance of the New Order military rulers. It contained the rulers' behaviour and soldiers who oppressed their people, but it never received a reprimand and a ban on the authorities until the regime subsided.Keywords: drama audio, counter-hegemony, critical discourse

Management Priorities of Audiovisual Student Projects during the COVID-crisis

COVID-crisis has made significant changes in the educational process of many coun-tries, including the need for new management decisions that would solve the complex problem of accelerating the development of online resources for distance learning. Management, particularly in education, is valuable when it is able to combine both general and specific goals. Especially when it comes to a specific educational process for training future TV and radio journalists, advertisers and PR-managers, screenwrit-ers and directors, sound directors, TV presenters, film and cameramen. The peculiarity of these professions is the combination of both creative and technological components of production and placement of professional audio-video content, i.e. content pro-duced by TV and radio companies, film or TV studios, advertising agencies, and aimed at a mass audience. One of the basic priorities in training such specialists is, first of all, the practice, which is based on the planned implementation of educational audiovisual projects and the ability to put them into effect in certain circumstances, including COVID-crisis caused by COVID-19 virus. Therefore, the aim of the article is to hypothesize how to build a productive distance educational strategy in the condi-tions of COVID-crisis, which specifically affected the quality of practical training of specialists in the field of audiovisual media and arts in Ukraine.

MUSIC RADIO RECORDINGS AS OBJECTS OF THE ARCHIVAL STORAGE

The purpose of the article is to characterize the peculiarities of organizing the storage of musical audio recordings in the repositories of radio stations. The methodology is based on the use of general scientific and special methods. The universal nature of music as a special language determines the internationality of music art. From the moment of birth and during the past years verbal report of the unwritten conditions, that are connected to music sound record accumulation in different cultural institutions, has changed not once. The transformations of this relationship were caused by different reasons – social, political, technical, and technological nature. In current high-technology conditions integration properties inherent in the holistic process of creation, circulation, and spread of information, accumulated in music compositions for radio. Today the formation of the new qualitative communication area with the rapid growth of the sound messages streams level occurs. The article is dedicated to the scientific problem of the preservation and use of music audio recordings of radio companies as objects of archival storage. Archived musical radio records are defined as a special cluster of the communication area. The socio-communicative approach is the methodological basis of the publication. The scientific novelty. The main directions of ensuring the preservation, restoration, and restoration of music audio recordings of archival audio recordings are substantiated, as well as the peculiarities of digitization and use of sound documents of this type, are revealed. The specifics of the formation of the respective collections are considered on the example of the BBC Archive Center and The British Library Sound Archive as leading foreign institutions where music records are stored. It is concluded that digital technologies have led to a change in the culture of music consumption and, accordingly, have transformed the processes of storing music archival recordings in the repositories of radio companies, which have acquired specific properties. Examining music radio recordings as archival objects have shown that in the age of the digital revolution, the music industry around the world has undergone significant changes. Both the revenue structure and the cost structure of record labels and music radio companies have fundamentally changed. Conclusions. Digital technologies have led to a change in the culture of music consumption (there has been a change in the ideology of authorship for music products) and the emergence of digital recording technologies that use artificial intelligence, digital workstations, etc. In this regard, the specifics of the organization of storage of music archival recordings were transformed, in particular in the phono repositories of radio companies that have acquired specific properties of the service grade (reprint of archival music recordings that were previously specially recorded for radio stations).

ГОСПОДАРСЬКО-ПРАВОВІ МЕХАНІЗМИ ОБМЕЖЕННЯ ПРАВ ГРОМАДЯН НА ІНФОРМАЦІЮ В ІНТЕРЕСАХ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

The author analyzes the economic and legal mechanism of restricting the rights of citizens to information in the interests of national security, namely such elements as organizational and legal and regulatory. It is determined that after the adoption of the Law of Ukraine «On Sanctions» the application of economic sanctions to television and radio companies and Internet providers, in addition to the court and the National Council of Ukraine on Television and Radio Broadcasting, became possible by the National Security and Defense Council, the President of Ukraine and the Verkhovna Rada. Due to this, in Ukraine there is on the one hand an economic and legal mechanism for restricting the rights of citizens to information in normal conditions, and on the other hand in crisis situations that threaten the national security of Ukraine. It was the comparison of these two economic and legal mechanisms that made it possible to determine the difference between economic sanctions and sanctions applied in the event of a threat to national security, including restrictions on the information sphere. It is determined that the content of special economic and other restrictive measures can be considered administrative and economic ones, but the classification of sanctions under the Law of Ukraine «On Sanctions» to administrative and economic, the issue is quite ambiguous, as the law «On Sanctions» uses the term «special economic and other restrictive measures», and not economic sanctions or administrative and economic sanctions. In addition, the mechanism of economic and legal restriction of information rights through the application of sanctions provided by the laws «On Television and Radio Broadcasting» and «On Sanctions» differs in the order of restriction, types of sanctions to which subjects apply sanctions and authorities authorized to impose sanctions. It is determined that according to the subjects to which special economic and other restrictive measures are applied, there are sanctions against a foreign state or an indefinite number of persons of a certain type of activity (sectoral sanctions) and sanctions against certain legal or natural persons, as well as entities that carry out terrorist activities (personal sanctions). It is concluded that despite the need to apply special economic and other restrictive measures to protect national security, the Constitutional Court of Ukraine needs clarification of the law of Ukraine «On Sanctions» on the constitutionality of the law «On Sanctions», decrees of the President of Ukraine, Resolutions of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine), the Supreme Court of Ukraine on the procedure for proving the threat to national security, the list of entities to which appropriate sanctions may be applied, the content and nature of «special economic and other restrictive measures», the procedure for appealing decisions on sanctions, etc.

Communicative Strategies of Professional Development of a TV and Radio Journalist: Psychotypology and Social Model

The whole world undergoes significant changes in communication, television and radio. Therefore, journalism education also alters. Television companies and radio stations hire former students, who already perceive the development of modern media in a different way, and thus try to communicate differently and influence large audiences. It is applied to all societies and countries developing their own media and caring about the future of television and radio industry. Such a new complex problem on communication via television and radio is caused primarily by the changes of information technology and communicative strategies in the field of media, online educational techniques in world schools of journalism, and is now being discussed by theorists and practitioners of journalism on various media platforms or global forums. The purpose of the article, that is based on the long-term research of scientists at Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, is to set and prove the hypothesis about the future of television and radio broadcasting, in particular, those who will come to work on television or are already working, combining studying with practical activity. Within the period of 2012-2019 the authors of the article interviewed 760 students of the Institute of Journalism, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, on the basis of their statements about the choice of specialization, and collected the data on their attitude to modern media, including television and radio. As a result of the research, the authors have developed the psychotypology of students who will work for television and radio companies in Ukraine, and form the public opinion on social, sociocultural and political processes in the country. Consequently, this psychotypology (classics, jazzmen, rockers and conformists) can be used in schools of journalism in other countries as a technological approach to model the matrices of the educational process for training the TV and radio journalists.

Участие регионального телерадиовещания Украинской ССР в реализации целей и задач ВЛКСМ в 1960-1980-х гг. (на примере Луганской области)

By the example of Luhansk region of the Ukrainian SSR the paper shows how the policy of the regional TV and radio companies in the 1960-1980s served interests of the Komsomol movement. The author describes the procedure of preparation and airplay of youth programs taking into account the region’s socio-economic specificity. Scientific originality of the study lies in the fact that relying on previously unpublished materials, the researcher analyses participation of the regional TV and radio companies in realization of goals and tasks of the Komsomol organization. The conclusion is made that activity of the Donbass electronic media to produce youth programs was implemented in close interaction with the regional Komsomol organizations ensuring systemic production of TV and radio programs for young people.

Становление и развитие материально-технической базы телерадиовещания Донбасса в 1950-1980-е гг.

The article examines the problem of developing material and technical basis of Donbass TV and radio companies in the 1950-1980s. The paper aims to analyse the key factors that influenced the development and improvement of the regional TV and radio broadcasting in the Soviet period. The author concludes that in the eastern regions of the Ukrainian SSR, the problems of renewing material and technical basis of TV and radio companies remained unsolved, this circumstance hampered considerably the process of the regional TV and radio broadcast formation in the 1980s.

THE IMPACT OF CONFUCIAN VALUES ON CHINA’S FOREIGN POLICY DURING THE PERIOD OF “REFORMS AND OPENNESS”

The article is devoted to identifying the role of the Confucian component in shaping China’s foreign policy during the period of “reforms and openness”. The author analyzes the Chinese “soft power” model and its differences from the classical one, the theoretical foundations of which were formulated by J. Nye, and discovers the China’s “soft power” features in foreign policy and establishes its meaningful connection with Confucian values and concepts. The article provides an overview of “soft power” interpretations in the main works of Chinese scholars, examines the reflection of Confucian “soft power” ideas in the state and party documents and decisions of the period of “reforms and openness”, shows the application of Confucian principles in the foreign policy of China.
 It is shown that the creation of effective Chinese “soft power” tools is becoming a part of a purposeful and long-term policy of the state. Such tools include the swift reform of leading media, TV and radio companies using modern technologies and focusing on foreign audience abroad, promoting China’s traditional and modern culture in foreign cultural markets, increasing China’s presence on the world market, spreading and promoting the Chinese language, “Education Export” and widening educational contacts, economic ties development and scientific and technical cooperation, public diplomacy development, support of the compatriots living abroad. Geopolitically, China’s soft power strategy is focused on developing relations with its close neighbors and creating a security belt around China.
 It has been proved that modern China seeks to proclaim itself as a new “soft power” center, the creation of which is a part of the State purposeful long-term policy. It is accompanied by the active appeal of Chinese ideologists to the country's traditional cultural heritage and basing of this new foreign policy on the conservative values of Confucianism, which is a kind of civilizational code determining all aspects of social life for China.

ПРОБЛЕМИ ТЕМАТИЧНОГО Й ЖАНРОВОГО НАПОВНЕННЯ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ПРОГРАМ РЕГІОНАЛЬНИХ ТЕЛЕКАНАЛІВ

<p><em>In order to understand the full image concerning activity of regional TV channels we used the comparative analysis method. Due to its components such as analogy, analysis and composition, </em><em>comparing separate events and processes (in order to conduct its quality and quantity characteristics) we reached the possibility to identify similarities and differences in approaches, management, styles of TV channels in Odesa region, Poltava region, Sumy region and Chernivtsi region. Taking as a basis a fact that absolutely different issues are to be compared, subjects of research are TV channels both similar, and different according to its technical capacities, resource capabilities such as city and regional level TV channels.</em></p><p class="s4"><em>We concluded that regional television channels, which, in turn, differ in the number of employees, transmitter power, coverage radius of the broadcast signal, etc., to considerable extent lack of genre diversity, the breadth of themes. The reasons for this are, on the one hand, in insufficient financial and economic opportunities, and on the other hand, in the absence of creativity, unwillingness to change something in their work. In addition, as the study shows, not in all cases the decisive factors here are the scale of the channel, the number of employees, and the level of resource support.</em></p><p><em>Regional television channels and regional media as a whole are currently functioning in conditions of incredible competition in the market for information influence, a substantial increase in content, thematic offerings at times, in conditions of expanding communication platforms and the source database. Thematic content of the news, their genre diversity are peculiar markers in the work of regional TV channels. Scientists in Ukraine and abroad continue to research on these issues. According to significance of reserves identification in news editors office, we also consider the researches of regional media is still needed. Research novelty consists in comparison of certain directions both similar and different on its organizational framework, </em><em>coverage radius of the broadcast signal.</em><em></em></p><p><em>Small TV channels on city level as a rule are not involved into nationwide monitoring, conducted by non-governmental media organizations. They do not conduct its own monitoring and researches. Obtained results, conclusions and recommendations can be used for introduction of alternations in working process by TV- and radio companies, more specifically by editors office of informative programs.</em></p><p class="s4"><strong><em>Key words: </em></strong><em>news, typesetting, video messages, plot, audience, synchronization, TV presenter.</em></p>

Суспільне мовлення в країнах Балтії у період відновлення державності

The article examines the features of public broadcasting in the Baltic States during the restoration of statehood. It is emphasized that the conditions of post-communist development have significantly influenced the media system and its information policy. The definitions of the "public broadcasting" concept and its main meanings are analyzed. The peculiarities of the development and formation of public broadcasting in the post-communist countries, which have created certain cases for further improvement of state policy on the media, are traced. The structure of a special institution to which the state broadcasters of the Baltic States are subordinated is considered. Emphasis is placed on financing state television and radio companies. The main features of the program policy in accordance with the national legislation are indicated. The study proved that the information policy of public broadcasting is significantly influenced by geopolitical and cultural factors that contribute to the coverage of the pluralism of opinions of the ethnic composition of the population. The liberalization of socio-political life leads to the fact that one of the main responsibilities of public service broadcasting in the Baltic States is to ensure the unhindered dissemination of comprehensive coverage of events in the country and abroad. The internationalization of the Baltic media by Western companies contributes to their Westernization and development in accordance with European principles. In the course of the research it was determined that the formation of public broadcasting in the Baltic States is due to the integration of political, cultural and historical determinants. A feature of the informational space of the Baltic States is bilingualism, which contributes to the democratization of society and the development of the media. It is proved that the democratic development of the state requires the functioning of public television and radio, which provide coverage of information taking into account the social, cultural, religious and other diversity of the population.

Not Only Foreign Affairs: U.S. Department of State’ Cultural Policy During Cold War

The article is devoted to the consideration of the existing activities of the US Department of State in matters of cultural policy. Attention is focused on the works of foreign and domestic researchers who devoted their work to the consideration of the essence of the cultural policy of the state, which is often called cultural or public diplomacy or soft power. It is indicated that these directions in the USA are carried out by the structural unit of the State Department – the Bureau of Education and Culture, and the history of its formation is described. The active period of cultural diplomacy in the USA falls at the end of World War II and the beginning of the ideological confrontation between the USA and the USSR, known as the Cold War. One of the active tools for cultural diplomacy has been the dissemination of television and radio broadcasting around the world. No less actively used exchange programs and visits of citizens of other countries, which were designed to promote mutual understanding, international, educational, and cultural exchange, as well as the development of leadership qualities of its participants. It is pointed out that US cultural diplomacy has reached its peak by incorporating jazz, culture, and literature into its arsenal. Keywords: USA, cultural diplomacy, Department of State, American literature, television and radio companies.

Upaya Mempertahankan Bisnis Radio Siaran Di Era Kemajuan Teknologi Informasi (Studi Pada Empat Perusahaan Radio Siaran di Kabupaten Kebumen)

The problem in this study is about how the radio broadcast business in the era of technological advancements and information, whether radio broadcasts can still maintain their existence and are still in the public interest as an effective means of entertainment and information and what radio broadcast companies do in facing business challenges in the era technological progress and information so that it can survive. The method used in this study is a qualitative research method, taking data sources using a "purposive sampling" technique with a total of 4 (four) informants including the management of radio broadcast companies in 4 (four) radio broadcast companies in the researched Kebumen Regency. Data collection in this study was carried out through observation, documentation and in-depth interviews. Observations and interviews are used to capture primary data relating to how important radio broadcast companies view technological and information progress as challenges that must be faced to maintain the existence of broadcast radio. While the study of documentation is used to capture secondary data that can be raised from various documentation about media data, broadcast radio company profiles and so on. The data analysis technique in this study is an interactive model analysis, including four components, namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusions or verification. The theory used is the theory of general communication and business communication. The locus of research in four radio broadcast companies in Kebumen District, namely: Bimasakti FM Kebumen, Mas FM Kebumen, RPFM Gombong, and Radio Gong FM Gombong, the results of this study found that advances in technology and information will raise efforts to improve the quality of broadcast radio companies in Kebumen through various ways including the ability to adjust to follow the advances in technology and information carried out by changing the conventional ways of broadcasting in a more modern way with technology-based and internet-based information. The four radio broadcast companies in Kebumen Regency were examined, although in general they had adjusted to the advancement of technology and information in order to maintain their existence. In fact there were still a number of radio broadcast companies that had not implemented streaming broadcasts so that the range that could be received by audiences or listeners was limited and not yet global. Efforts to adjust to the advancement of technology and information must, of course, be accompanied by efforts to improve the quality of human resources broadcast radio companies both internally and externally.
 Keywords: business communication, existence, radio broadcast, streaming, technological progress.

Theoretical Review: The Protection of Music Copyrights in the Radio

Playback of music or songs on the radio has the potential to infringe the copyright songwriters. Based on the applicable legal provisions, namely Law Number 28 the Year 2014 concerning Copyrights, the songwriter is the copyright owner of music which is protected by law. Therefore, parties who take advantage of music must obtain permission from the copyright owner. Radio companies should get permission from the copyright owner to play the music on their radio station. However, it is difficult to oversee the playback of the music on the radio. In this context, a collective management agency (CMA) emerges, but the presence of a CMA is not mandatory or optional. Therefore, this paper does not involve CMA. In this regard, legal issues arise, namely how to protect music copyrights according to applicable law to attain legal certainty. This paper is a theoretical study of legal theory or legal doctrine relating to the rights of songwriters. In legal science or jurisprudence it is not clearly distinguished between legal doctrine and legal theory. In discussing this issue, firstly it will be discussed about the meaning and types of music copyrights. Next, it will be discussed about the legal construction or legal framework of music copyrights. Based on theoretical studies, songwriters have various rights with specific characteristics so that the treatments must also be accurate. The legal construction of music copyrights is intertwined in a network of legal binding that is influenced by subject and object factors. The subjects involved are interconnected to use the music as its object. The legal relationship between subjects is mutually beneficial or mutual symbiosis. Meanwhile, music as objects is a flexible commodity. Therefore, airing music on the radio is in doubt to be categorized as copyright infringement.