Radio Antenna Research Articles

Multifunctional Materials Strategies for Enhanced Safety of Wireless, Skin‐Interfaced Bioelectronic Devices

AbstractMany recently developed classes of wireless, skin‐interfaced bioelectronic devices rely on conventional thermoset silicone elastomer materials, such as poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), as soft encapsulating structures around collections of electronic components, radio frequency antennas and, commonly, rechargeable batteries. In optimized layouts and device designs, these materials provide attractive features, most prominently in their gentle, noninvasive interfaces to the skin even at regions of high curvature and large natural deformations. Past studies, however, overlook opportunities for developing variants of these materials for multimodal means to enhance the safety of the devices against failure modes that range from mechanical damage to thermal runaway. This study presents a self‐healing PDMS dynamic covalent matrix embedded with chemistries that provide thermochromism, mechanochromism, strain‐adaptive stiffening, and thermal insulation, as a collection of attributes relevant to safety. Demonstrations of this materials system and associated encapsulation strategy involve a wireless, skin‐interfaced device that captures mechanoacoustic signatures of health status. The concepts introduced here can apply immediately to many other related bioelectronic devices.

Uji DESAIN DAN SIMULASI ANTENA MIKROSTRIP PATCH PERSEGI DENGAN METODE PENGUMPANAN INSET-FED UNTUK APLIKASI S-BAND

This research is to find out that the microstrip antenna is one of the most widely applied antennas for various radio applications because of its low profile and high performance. This paper discusses design and simulation of the rectangular patch microstrip antenna (RPMA) for S-band radio by using inset feeding. Initially, theoretical calculation was performed, followed by performance evaluation by using AWR simulator. Inset deep iterations were conducted through repeated simulation adjustment to obtain optimal design. Based on the concluded simulation adjustment, the minimum achieved VSWR is 1.056 to get bandwidth of 104.5 MHz (3.1636 3.2681 GHz). The minimum return loss that can be achieved is -31.33 dB with gain of 5.777 dB.

Low-Cost Compact Hairpin Filter Integrated with a Diamond Antenna for Wireless and 5G Sub-6 GHz Applications

Low-Cost Compact Hairpin Filter Integrated with a Diamond Antenna for Wireless and 5G Sub-6 GHz Applications

Substrate effect and structure optimization of fabric-based circularly polarized dipole antenna for radio frequency energy harvesting

Radio frequency energy harvesting on textiles is seen as a method of enabling sustainable battery-free operation for wearable devices, while few works have clarified the influence of fabric properties on antenna performance. To prepare successfully a fabric-based circularly polarized antenna for radio frequency energy harvesting, this paper will clarify the effect of key fabric characteristics (such as dielectric properties and fabric thickness) on antenna performance by a finite element simulation. The simulated results showed the antenna resonant frequency is inversely proportional to the half square of the fabric’s dielectric constant, and the antenna radiation efficiency and gain are inversely proportional to the square of its dielectric loss tangent and thickness. Then, for the typical fabric substrates, the structure parameters of the existing circularly polarized antenna are optimized to work in the expected working frequency band, and the dominating structure parameter of the antenna in performance was identified. The optimized antenna prototype has excellent performance. The antenna has a bandwidth of 350 MHz and a maximum transmission distance of 190 cm. The received signal strength indication per unit area is 2.35 mW/cm2 and the output voltage is 1.19 mV/cm2 at a distance of 100 cm. It is concluded that the flexible size-minimized wide bandwidth circularly polarized radio frequency energy harvesting antenna screen-printed on fabric was derived from a commercial circularly polarized antenna with fiber-reinforced epoxy plate (FR4) substrate, and the critical geometrical and material parameters of the fabric substrate for this antenna performance as well as the affecting mechanism were identified.

Design of Wireless Body Area Network UWB Antenna for Telemedicine and Mobile Health Systems

Design of Wireless Body Area Network UWB Antenna for Telemedicine and Mobile Health Systems

On the Reflectivity of Materials for Radio Telescope and Space Antenna Applications: Antenna reflector loss needs to be known for many specific antenna applications

System requirements can dictate the use of antenna reflector materials that are not electrically optimum and clearly not “perfectly electrically conducting.” This makes loss measurements necessary. A loss that is not acceptable for one application might be acceptable for another application. Instrument or radiometer antennas require a low loss, but, sometimes, this could be less critical for telecommunication antennas. We investigated less conventional materials, including a nickel-based material, for a radio telescope antenna (Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array [ALMA]) and other materials as needed in certain space antenna applications. A sensitive open resonator was used. The data collected provide an understanding of and insight into the loss properties for the respective applications. This has led to useful models confirmed by the data.

High efficiency radio frequency antennas for amplifier free quantum sensing applications

Radio frequency (RF) signals are frequently used in emerging quantum applications due to their spin state manipulation capability. Efficient coupling of RF signals into a particular quantum system requires the utilization of carefully designed and fabricated antennas. Nitrogen vacancy (NV) defects in diamond are commonly utilized platforms in quantum sensing experiments with the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) method, where an RF antenna is an essential element. We report on the design and fabrication of high efficiency coplanar RF antennas for quantum sensing applications. Single and double ring coplanar RF antennas were designed with −37 dB experimental return loss at 2.87 GHz, the zero-field splitting frequency of the negatively charged NV defect in diamond. The efficiency of both antennas was demonstrated in magnetic field sensing experiments with NV color centers in diamond. An RF amplifier was not needed, and the 0 dB output of a standard RF signal generator was adequate to run the ODMR experiments due to the high efficiency of the RF antennas.

Preface

International Conference on Recent Advances in Wireless Communications & Emerging Technologies RAWCET-2022 This International Conference RAWCET 2022 is organized by Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Educational Foundation, India in association with IETE, IEEE communication, MTT student chapter and communication System Research Group (CSRG). The Conference aims to provide a platform to learn and share knowledge on Advanced Wireless Communication, RF and Modern antenna applications. It provides a forum for exchange of ideas and authoritative views by Research Community from Industry& Academia from National and International fraternity. Outstanding keynote speakers and well-known leading scientists and experts drawn across the globe shared their knowledge. We endeavour to bring individuals from various fields, and to make a setting in which they can collaborate synergistically, and ideally make new logical outcomes.The conference leads to the conclusions that 21st century communications throw light on the challenges to system designers, manufacturers and researches in their field related to ingenious Wireless Communication, Space Technologies, Data Communication, RF, Antennas, Signal Processing and Robotic Communication. The Wireless meeting offers key insights into cutting-edge applications from global experts, start-ups, and the winners of World’s major innovation competitions for space applications. Over and above all, this conference opened new avenues and paved the pathways for the future generations by introducing innovative techniques and paradigms to face the challenges and transform into ‘opportunistic communications.We are sure that this conference will definitely trigger lively discussions and present researchers to new developments. Finally, we appreciated the experienced expertise and young researchers for bringing innovative ideas to our conference.List of Organizing Committee Members are available in this pdf.

Validation of F2-layer critical frequency variations in the ionosphere with radio observations of solar bursts

The high-frequency (HF) ionospheric cutoff restricts the possibilities of radio astronomical observations from the Earth, but on the other hand, it allows one to estimate the F2-layer critical frequency of the ionosphere. This effect has been measured using a new active antenna meant for receiving cosmic radio emission in the frequency range 1–40 MHz. The instrument was implemented near the Ukrainian T-shape Radiotelescope, second modification (UTR-2) and serves as a prototype of the HF antenna for a future radio array on the farside of the Moon. We detected directly a storm of solar radio bursts on May 22, 2021 and observed clearly their cutoff due to the ionosphere. For comparison our analysis of the experimental data was supplemented by simultaneous measurements from ionosondes located close to the UTR-2. The distance between the closest ionosonde near Zmiiv (Kharkiv region, Ukraine) and the radio astronomical antenna used in the experiment is 46.5 km. Results obtained from the solar radio records are consistent with the ionosonde data. We show that such an antenna implementation provides us with new opportunities to study the F2-layer critical frequency of the ionosphere.

Loss of individualized behavioral trajectories in adult neurogenesis-deficient cyclin D2 knockout mice.

There is still limited mechanistic insight into how the interaction of individuals with their environment results in the emergence of individuality in behavior and brain structure. Nevertheless, the idea that personal activity shapes the brain is implicit in strategies for healthy cognitive aging as well as in the idea that individuality is reflected in the brain's connectome. We have shown that even isogenic mice kept in a shared enriched environment (ENR) developed divergent and stable social and exploratory trajectories. As these trajectories-measured as roaming entropy (RE)-positively correlated with adult hippocampal neurogenesis, we hypothesized that a feedback between behavioral activity and adult hippocampal neurogenesis might be a causal factor in brain individualization. We used cyclin D2 knockout mice with constitutively extremely low levels of adult hippocampal neurogenesis and their wild-type littermates. We housed them for 3 months in a novel ENR paradigm, consisting of 70 connected cages equipped with radio frequency identification antennae for longitudinal tracking. Cognitive performance was evaluated in the Morris Water Maze task (MWM). With immunohistochemistry we confirmed that adult neurogenesis correlated with RE in both genotypes and that D2 knockout mice had the expected impaired performance in the reversal phase of the MWM. But whereas the wild-type animals developed stable exploratory trajectories with increasing variance, correlating with adult neurogenesis, this individualizing phenotype was absent in D2 knockout mice. Here the behaviors started out more random and revealed less habituation and low variance. Together, these findings suggest that adult neurogenesis contributes to experience-dependent brain individualization.

The Breakthrough Listen Search for Intelligent Life: Nearby Stars’ Close Encounters with the Brightest Earth Transmissions

After having left the heliosphere, Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 continue to travel through interstellar space. The Pioneer 10, Pioneer 11, and New Horizons spacecraft are also on paths to pass the heliopause. These spacecraft have communicated with the Deep Station Network (DSN) radio antennas in order to download scientific data and telemetry data. Outward transmissions from DSN travel to the spacecraft and beyond into interstellar space. These transmissions have encountered and will encounter other stars, introducing the possibility that intelligent life in other solar systems will encounter our terrestrial transmissions. We use the beamwidth of the transmissions between DSN and interstellar spacecraft to perform a search around the past and future positions of each spacecraft obtained from the JPL Horizons System. By performing this search over the Gaia Catalogue of Nearby Stars, a catalog of precisely mapped stars within 100 pc, we determine which stars the transmissions of these spacecraft will encounter. We highlight stars that are in the background of DSN transmissions and calculate the dates of these encounters to determine the time and place for potential intelligent extraterrestrial life to encounter terrestrial transmissions.

Evaluating the Electro Magnetic Fields Radiation of the Cell Sites and Their Environmental Effects: Case of Mosul City

Cell phones, also known as mobile or portable phones, have become an essential part of contemporary communication technologies. In some regions of the world, they are even the only available means of communication, as they are so well-liked for allowing people to communicate with one another without having any impact on their movements. Cell phones are becoming increasingly popular, with more than 50% of people in some nations owning one. The industrial community anticipates that by the year 2030, there will be more than 8 billion users worldwide. To accommodate broadcast and reception, more cell phone stations (towers) are being built. These stations, which are radio antennas, work to protect connections with cellular telephone equipment while using minimum power. The goal of this proposed study is to measure the electromagnetic fields radiated by cell phone towers and their effects on the local environment in a selected area of Mosul, Iraq. The results will then be compared to international standards, evaluated to help develop methods for protecting people's health, and solutions to the issue will be offered.

Preface

4th National Conference on Communication Systems (NCOCS-2022) December 23rd, 2022 ABOUT THE CONFERENCE National Conference on Communication Systems (NCOCS-2022) is fourth in the series of conferences intended to be held every year at NITPY, aimed to disseminate knowledge on the latest technological developments and cutting-edge research in wireless communication, signal processing, antenna and RF design, optical communication, internet of things and sensor networks & electronics among academicians, researchers, scientists, industry personnel, and entrepreneurs across India. This conference will provide the premier interdisciplinary forum relevant with Electronics and Communication Engineering to discuss the recent technologies, innovations, recent research findings, challenges, solutions, and perspectives of the future directions of Communication Engineering through keynote lectures and paper presentations. Young researchers are encouraged to participate and utilize the opportunity to network with others who seek to develop their research abilities and experience. OBJECTIVE & SCOPE OF THE CONFERENCE The objective of the NCOCS 2022 is to provide a platform to perceive, share, and exchange the recent trends related to various aspects of Communication Engineering. The main aim of this conference is to bring together researchers, young faculties and practitioners working in multi-disciplinary fields to discuss and deliberate on challenges, opportunities and strategies involved for next-generation communication systems. The conference will provide a forum to academic researchers and practitioners to discuss critical issues concerning latest technologies towards 6G and mmWave communications. Conference Chairperson Dr. M. Surendar Assistant Professor, Department of ECE,National Institute of Technology Puducherry, Karaikal – 609 609, IndiaConference Website: https://sites.google.com/view/ncocs-2022/home?authuser=0List of Conference Committee is available in this Pdf.

Советские танкисты в Испании в 1936–1937 гг. (по документам РУ РККА)

Introduction. The article considers the problem of the soviet tankers participation in the Spanish Civil War in its initial period. Methods and materials. The study is based on documents of the Intelligence Directorate of the People’s Commissariat of Defence of the Soviet Union. They became available after the publication of the first three volumes of the eight serial edition “Red Army and the Spanish Civil War (1936– 1939)”. Analysis. It is emphasized that the first group of Soviet tankers arrived in Spain on October 13, 1936, together with a batch of T-26 tanks (50 in total). On October 29, a tank company, which in a short time prepared the missing crew members from among the Spaniards, took part in a combat offensive operation in the Madrid area. According to documentary evidence the effectiveness of the combat use of tanks was minimal and was a result of the unwillingness and inability of the Spanish infantry, including its command staff, to act together with tanks. The documents characterize the T-26 tank as a reliable, hardy, easy-to-handle vehicle, superior in all technical characteristics to light tanks of German and Italian production, but with unsuccessful turret geometry, with weak armor, with an imperfect design of the turret swivel mechanism, with an unusable radio antenna. The article considers presented in the documents problem of the moral, political, psychological and physical condition of soviet tankers in Spain. The documentation also notes high level of military discipline, gives examples of heroic deeds of tankers, primarily members of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks). At the same time attention is drawn to cases of excessive caution of individual commanders bordering on cowardice. An important place in the documents is given to the physical condition of tankers who find themselves in unfamiliar climatic and social conditions as well as in terms of a completely different food ration. It is noted that almost 100% overwork of personnel associated with continuous participation in hostilities, accompanied by various diseases. Results. The article emphasizes the importance of the direct participation of Soviet tankers in the hostilities of 1936–1937. It made it possible to prevent the military defeat of the Spanish Republic at the stage of creating a regular People’s Army. Key words: Spanish civil war, soviet military aid, tanks, tankers, combat activity, overwork, diseases.

Design of meander line antenna using low tangent loss material

The meander line antenna is designed for wireless application using CST-MWS. The antenna design requires lots of analysis like substrate material, dielectric constant, loss tangents, port selection etc. The FR4 is widely available and chip material for antenna design. But tolerances are quite high because FR4 is a considerably less expensive board. Therefore, it is challenging to determine the relative dielectric constant's exact value. In this research antenna is designed using 4.4 dielectric constant material. A mixture of flame-retardant epoxy resin and glass fabric is used to create the FR4 class of printed circuit board base materials. FR stands for flame retardant and complies with UL94V-0 standards.A two-element meander line antenna is created for this study. The MIMO antenna is 90 × 31 × 1.6 mm3 in total. A single patch meander antenna measures 45x31 mm2. Good isolation performance between antenna elements is produced by the high isolation. The suggested MIMO antenna is designed with meander arms since the basic rectangular traditional patch required more space than the meander line structure did. The recommended antenna's envelope correlation coefficient (ECC) is less than 0.014. The gain of the MIMO antenna is 0.4 dB, and the directivity of the antenna is 6.85 dBi. The MIMO antenna's bandwidth ranges from 4.88 to 4.97 GHz, and it resonate at 4.93 GHz. The antenna has a return loss of −44 dB and a bandwide isolation of more than 22 dB. The material consider here as FR-4 substrate (lossy) (Ɛr = 4.3), h = 0.078 mm and t = 0.07 mm with low tangent losses. The thermal conductivity of material is varies from 2.2 to 2.5 cal/h. cm Deg C. The coefficient of thermal expansion is 11 µm/m/Deg. C. The MIMO antenna performance parameter is evaluated by considering FR-4 material and it is found satisfactory to fulfill the wireless antenna design needs.

Light and Radio Radiations from a Moving Charged Particle

Two types of electromagnetic radiation are identified: light radiation and radio radiation. Light radiation is due to aberration of electric field in the motion of a charged particle in an external electric field, where energy radiated, proportional to the square of amplitude of velocity, is the difference between change in potential energy and change in kinetic energy. This is so with electrons revolving in the electric field of the nucleus of an atom. Radio radiation, due to finite speed of light, whereby an oscillating charged particle generates a magnetic field in phase with an electric field, at a point in space, resulting in generation of energy, proportional to the square of amplitude of acceleration, as from a radio antenna. The electric field in the Poynting vector is the sum of external accelerating field and internal induction field due to acceleration of a charged particle, in accordance with Faraday’s law. The induction field also acts on the same charge creating it, to produce the inertial force, equal and opposite to the accelerating force, thereby explaining the cause of inertia. Radio radiation explains the presence of Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation as a local phenomenon from within the atoms of a body

5G wireless communication microstrip patch antenna array design with MIMO

5G wireless communication microstrip patch antenna array design with MIMO

Circular-MSPA: Design and Analysis of Applications Intended for 5G Environment

The design of the antenna for a 5G environment has advanced quickly in the field of wireless communication in this world. This paper focuses on the layout and analysis of a square microstrip patch antenna (RMPA) for 5G. Low prices, ease of fabrication and low profile are just a few of the benefits of microstrip antennas. The microstrip patch antenna's inherently low impedance bandwidth is a chief disadvantage. Microstrip antennas can be made smaller or smaller by way of placing a particular slot into the radiating patch. In the final couple of decades development in wireless communique has grown, and so using wi-fi communication is growing in fantastic amount. Microstrip Patch Antenna is certainly of the sort a radio antenna can be set up on a low profile. The reduced antenna length for such an antenna corresponds to the meandering of the excited patch floor current paths because of loading the slots inside the radiating patch. This can decrease the fundamental resonant frequency of the antenna. This antenna covers three regions, substrate made-up of FR4 epoxy, patch and ground made of copper fabric. This antenna affords an awesome return loss of -13.07 dB, VSWR as 1. Forty-two, Impedance as 47.2 ohms, advantage (dBi) as 2.89dB, directivity as 3.65 dB, and bandwidth as 850 MHz the use of defected ground structure (DGS) concept. This sort of antenna is more appropriate for 5G software to switch the records from one location to a far-flung place.

A Novel Radio Geometric Mean Algorithm for a Graph

Radio antennas switch signals in the form of radio waves using different frequency bands of the electromagnetic spectrum. To avoid interruption, each radio station is assigned a unique number. The channel assignment problem refers to this application. A radio geometric mean labeling of a connected graph G is an injective function h from the vertex set, V(G) to the set of natural numbers N such that for any two distinct vertices x and y of G, h(x)·h(y)≥diam+1−d(x,y). The radio geometric mean number of h, rgmn(h), is the maximum number assigned to any vertex of G. The radio geometric mean number of G, rgmn(G) is the minimum value of rgmn(h), taken over all radio geometric mean labeling h of G. In this paper, we present two theorems for calculating the exact radio geometric mean number of paths and cycles. We also present a novel algorithm for determining the upper bound for the radio geometric mean number of a given graph. We verify that the upper bounds obtained from this algorithm coincide with the exact value of the radio geometric mean number for paths, cycles, stars, and bi-stars.

Design and analysis of nonagonal patch unite with rectangular shaped 4-element UWB-MIMO antenna for portable wireless device applications

Design and analysis of nonagonal patch unite with rectangular shaped 4-element UWB-MIMO antenna for portable wireless device applications