Radio Adaptation Research Articles

The crooked ghost: The Ballad of Peckham Rye and the idea of the ‘lyrical’

ABSTRACTThis essay concerns the ‘lyrical’ in Muriel Spark’s writing, and its relation to what she termed ‘the nevertheless principle’. In her 1962 article, ‘Edinburgh-born’, she stated that her ‘whole education, in and out of school, seemed even then to pivot around this word. […] It was on the nevertheless principle that I turned Catholic’. ‘Lyrical’, too, had special meaning for her when describing her work’s numinous aspect, the aspect of eternity. How might these two concepts be related? By analysing The Ballad of Peckham Rye (1960) and Spark’s contemporaneous radio interview about it with S.M. Craig, Martin Stannard attempts to unpack Spark’s private critical language. Why did she describe her book as a ‘ballad’? In what sense is it ‘musical’? How might Christopher Holme’s and Tristram Cary’s modernist radio adaptation enrich our reading of the original text? Is the novel realist, modernist or postmodern? She always admired the work of Robbe-Grillet. How might Ballad be related to the nouveau roman, and to the idea of the narrator as ‘sighter’? Is lyrical sound important to Spark’s bifurcated creative imagination? Ultimately, Dougal Douglas is seen as an artist-figure, like Spark herself, orchestrating the commonplace, transfiguring it.

La adaptación radiofónica de "Extraños en un tren: un cruce de vías entre la novela y el filme

La adaptación radiofónica de Extraños en un tren es un buen ejemplo de la utilización del lenguaje para explorar una narrativa propia del medio. Está basada en la novela de Patricia Highsmith e inspirada en el filme de Alfred Hitchcock, pues, aunque no figura en los créditos, sus huellas están presentes a lo largo del relato. ¿Cómo se ha creado el paisaje sonoro (Murray Schafer, 2013) de esta adaptación? ¿De dónde proceden sus imágenes? ¿En qué medida se nutre del filme? Con el propósito de responder a estas preguntas, partiremos de la novela y el filme para acercarnos a aquellos sistemas expresivos que han hecho posible la adaptación radiofónica. Nos aproximaremos a los cambios estructurales y formales producidos por la diferente sustancia expresiva (Saussure, 1973) de esos tres textos, pero sin olvidar las relaciones que mantienen con las circunstancias socio-históricas, su transtextualidad (Genette, 1989). Estudiaremos las migraciones de sentidos (Barthes, 1980) para adentrarnos en ese fluir de significación producido en el cruce entre la novela y el filme que se percibe en la ficción sonora, es decir, cómo se ha efectuado la transcodificación y los problemas que plantea su elaboración. Este análisis de los tres textos nos permite ver las transformaciones inherentes en la adaptación y la poética presente en la propia naturaleza del discurso literario, cinematográfico y radiofónico, es decir dónde radica ese exceso de material significante (Jakobson, 1985) que les confiere su fuerza expresiva. Y consecuentemente, establecer que la adaptación de Extraños en un tren consigue plasmar el universo simbólico de la novela y al mismo tiempo es subsidiaria del filme; y esta interrelación enriquece el texto, multiplicando sus sentidos.

Captivating Readers: Middlebrow Aesthetics and James Hilton’s Lost Horizon

A bestseller during its day, Lost Horizon became the first-ever mass-market paperback and has never been out of print since its initial release…. Further demonstrating the novel’s enduring influence and appeal, Lost Horizon has inspired several sequel novels, a musical, radio adaptations, and the namesake for the Shangri-La Hotel chain. Indeed, the word Shangri-la itself was coined by Hilton and has found a place in the OED . Although not all these appropriations are necessarily to be lauded, it is clear that Lost Horizon has maintained a prominence in popular culture that is difficult to reduce or explain away in terms of mere entertainment value.

Cognitive Security of Wireless Communication Systems in the Physical Layer

While the wireless communication systems provide the means of connectivity nearly everywhere and all the time, communication security requires more attention. Even though current efforts provide solutions to specific problems under given circumstances, these methods are neither adaptive nor flexible enough to provide security under the dynamic conditions which make the security breaches an important concern. In this paper, a cognitive security (CS) concept for wireless communication systems in the physical layer is proposed with the aim of providing a comprehensive solution to wireless security problems. The proposed method will enable the comprehensive security to ensure a robust and reliable communication in the existence of adversaries by providing adaptive security solutions in the communication systems by exploiting the physical layer security from different perspective. The adaptiveness relies on the fact that radio adapts its propagation characteristics to satisfy secure communication based on specific conditions which are given as user density, application specific adaptation, and location within CS concept. Thus, instead of providing any type of new security mechanism, it is proposed that radio can take the necessary precautions based on these conditions before the attacks occur. Various access scenarios are investigated to enable the CS while considering these conditions.

Adapting radio resources in multicarrier cognitive radio using discrete firefly approach

The user resource allocation has attracted research attention in the context of the Cognitive Radio (CR) paradigm. Aiming at fully exploiting the frequency band unused by the primary users, it enables the secondary users to tune their transmission parameters and communicate within this band with a good Quality of Service (QoS). This paper targets the issue of radio resource adaptation according to the priority and the needs of the active users, the channel state and the availability of the frequency, in multicarrier transmission. The adaptation of such resources has been previously investigated and Particle Swarm Optimisation (PSO) and Cross Entropy (CE) approaches were shown to outperform their counterparts in terms of the convergence rate and the quality of the solution. Motivated by the great promises held by the newly proposed firefly approach, we have adapted its application as a multi-objective approach to optimise the communication quality of secondary users in a multicarrier system. The performance superiority of the proposed approach over PSO and CE techniques is assessed in terms of convergence speed, quality of solution and stability.

Narrativity and Sound in German Radio Play Adaptations of Paul Auster’s The New York Trilogy

In line with the strong emphasis on visuality in the wake of the “visual turn” in literary and cultural studies, graphic novel adaptations of literary texts have recently been the objects of scholarly study and narratological theory building. Much less attention, if any, has been accorded to radio play adaptations of novels like Paul Auster’s New York Trilogy . An analysis of radio play adaptations acquires a special significance in the case of this highly enigmatic work, which makes a seriously playful use of postmodern narrative strategies. It is perhaps above all this feature which made the adaptation of the novel’s first instalment, City of Glass , into a graphic novel by Paul Karasik and David Mazucchelli so successful. While the graphic novel visualizes characteristic features of its mother text, this paper explores the different modes of narrative sound in three German radio play adaptations of Auster’s novel. Alfred Behrens’ Stadt aus Glas , Katharina Bihler’s Schlagschatten , and Norbert Schaeffer’s Hinter verschlossenen Turen employ narrative devices like voices in both German and English, the evocation of city soundscapes, the narrative uses of music as well as issues of the simultaneity and/or difference of story and discourse time. The narrative auralization of Auster’s novels in the radio plays under discussion can be shown to foreground non-visual aspects of the pre-texts and to add further dimensions for interpretation that underline the usefulness of audionarratological analysis for adaptation studies.

George Orwell’s 1984: The Polish Chapter in Light of the PIASA Archives

Abstract The article reveals an unknown fact of the Polish translation of the famous political novel 1984 by George Orwell and its radio adaptation by Polish émigré poet, Jan Lechoń. (The manuscript of the translation along with the adaptation is deposited in Jan Lechoń’s archives at the PIASA.) This radio program appeared on the air of ‘The Voice of America’ in November 1949. Notwithstanding the fact that Juliusz Mieroszewski’s translation of the novel (issued in Paris in 1953) is still perceived as its first presentation in Polish, the article clearly proves that Lechoń’s translation and adaptation had preceded the Paris edition by four years. The article discusses complex reasons why Lechoń decided on working on this piece of literature and arrives at the conclusion that it was political motivation that prevailed. It demonstrates some analogies of the novel’s threads and the poet’s personal life. It argues how important this piece of the author’s unknown work is for literary researchers.

Multisensory Imaginings: An Audionarratological Analysis of Philip Roth's NovelIndignationand its German Radio Play AdaptationEmpörung

This article analyses the German radio play adaptation of Philip Roth's novel Indignation (Empörung, 2010) from an audionarratological perspective and shows how both the book and the radio play offer potential for multisensory experiences on the part of readers and radio audiences. The article furthermore explores how the two media differ in their semiotic and sensory affordances and possibilities. It is argued that aural signs and signals predetermine certain aspects of the storyworld in the radio play: for example, characters' and the narrator's voices, soundscapes, but also ambient sound and music. Due to its focus on the aural channel, radio drama calls on audiences' imagination in distinct ways, while also complicating narratological concepts. The ‘transcriptivity’ from written to spoken text that is inherent in the transposition of novel into radio play accounts for the fact that the radio play also adds new multisensory and interpretive dimensions to its pre-text. It therefore has to be considered in its own right, as an artistic form appealing to its audiences through its own sensory channels.

Cognitive radio adaptation for power consumption minimization using biogeography-based optimization**Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61501356), the Fundamental Research Funds of the Ministry of Education, China (Grant No. JB160101), and the Postdoctoral Fund of Shaanxi Province, China.

Adaptation is one of the key capabilities of cognitive radio, which focuses on how to adjust the radio parameters to optimize the system performance based on the knowledge of the radio environment and its capability and characteristics. In this paper, we consider the cognitive radio adaptation problem for power consumption minimization. The problem is formulated as a constrained power consumption minimization problem, and the biogeography-based optimization (BBO) is introduced to solve this optimization problem. A novel habitat suitability index (HSI) evaluation mechanism is proposed, in which both the power consumption minimization objective and the quality of services (QoS) constraints are taken into account. The results show that under different QoS requirement settings corresponding to different types of services, the algorithm can minimize power consumption while still maintaining the QoS requirements. Comparison with particle swarm optimization (PSO) and cat swarm optimization (CSO) reveals that BBO works better, especially at the early stage of the search, which means that the BBO is a better choice for real-time applications.

Medieval Literature on the Air: Johannes von Tepl’s Der Ackermann in Twentieth-Century Radio Adaptations

This essay explores the remediation of Johannes von Tepl’s Der Ackermann (ca. 1401) for radio. Since November 1924 at least thirty-one productions of von Tepl’s piece have been aired on various German radio stations. The reasons for the continued success of Der Ackermann in the medium of radio, particularly in the 1920s and after the Second World War, are twofold. In the context of the aesthetic debates in the 1920s on remediation, immediacy, and the appropriate form “word art” should take on the radio, von Tepl’s piece was considered the perfect radio play, or Hörspiel, paradoxically because of its un-play-like form: the focus on the word, the absence of plot, and its lack of scenic complexity. In addition, the radio adaptations of Der Ackermann served to embed this late medieval text in a culture of commemoration that was particularly vital in the 1920s and then again in the immediate post–Second World War years.

John Forbes, the Australian Poet: Representations of National Identity inA Layered Eventon ABC Radio National

John Forbes was an Australian poet who lived from 1950 to 1998 and was one of the so-called 'generation of 68' who were deeply influenced by contemporary American poetics and culture. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC)'s Radio National paid tribute to Forbes's life and work in 1999, in the posthumous radio adaptation A Layered Event. This article analyses representations of national identity in A Layered Event, using Deleuze and Guattari's concepts of the 'arboreal' or unified versus the 'rhizomic' or networked. I argue that, through edited biographical interviews on the one hand, and adaptations of Forbes's poems on the other, A Layered Event cultivates two distinct images of national identity - arboreal and rhizomic - and that it plays these off against each other. The article asks why Forbes and Forbes's work is represented in these ways in the program. I use this reading of A Layered Event to reflect on the ABC's role as a national public service broadcaster at the turn of the millennium. I argue that A Layered Event's handling of national representations may be read as an allegory for the ABC's negotiation of its Charter aim to 'contribute to a sense of national identity', in an age of increasingly trans-national and fragmented identities and audiences.

Pre-cult: Casablanca, radio adaptation, and transmedia in the 1940s

In cult film studies, there is a tendency to perceive a ‘disconnect’ between the period in which a film is first released and that which marks its cult ascendancy. In this paper, I reconsider this notion, by examining what I call the ‘pre-cult’ phase of a film's life cycle and the nature of its continuities with cult formation. For my case study, I turn to Casablanca, one of the oldest and most influential classical cult films, and to its star, Humphrey Bogart; both film and star became cult in the 1950s when repertory houses began to screen Bogart retrospectives. Putting radio and sound studies into conversation with cult film studies, I argue that the film's frequent adaptation on radio and Bogart's radio presence in the 1940s produced a soundscape of transmediated voices and dialogue that influenced the practice of audience quotation a decade later and that remains today a hallmark of Casablanca's cult identity.

Technology demonstrator of a novel software defined radio‐based aeronautical communications system

This study presents the architectural design, software implementation, the validation and flight trial results of an aeronautical communications system developed within the Seamless Aeronautical Networking through integration of Data links Radios and Antennas (SANDRA) project funded by the European 7th Framework Aeronautics and Transport Programme. Based on software defined radio (SDR) techniques, an integrated modular radio (IMR) platform was developed to accommodate several radio technologies. This can drastically reduce the size, weight and cost in avionics with respect to current radio systems implemented as standalone equipment. In addition, the modular approach ensures the possibility to dynamically reconfigure each radio element to operate on a specific type of radio link. A radio resource management (RRM) framework is developed in the IMR consisting of a communication manager for the resource allocation and management of the different radio links and a radio adaptation manager to ensure protocol convergence through IP. The IMR has been validated although flight trials held at Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany in June 2013. The results presented in the paper validate the flexibility and scalability of the IMR platform and demonstrate seamless service coverage across different airspace domains through interworking between the IMR and other components of the SANDRA network.

AFTER ELIOT: ADAPTING ADAM BEDE

George Eliot's novel Adam Bede was first published in 1859. The story has since been adapted for stage and screen. This article considers two nineteenth-century stage adaptations (1862 and 1884 – from manuscripts in the British Library), two silent film versions (1915 and 1918), one stage dramatization (1990), a television film (1991), and a radio adaptation (2001) to consider how these appropriations relate to one another and how they vary in different historical settings. The key starting point for Eliot was the story of Mary Voce, a woman executed in 1802 for the murder of her child. This article argues that, as the story is transformed in these later remediations, it is the character and fate of Hetty Sorrel that undergoes most telling change in performance.

Radio and the Space of Adaptation: Diana Griffiths’s Madame Bovary (Radio 4, 2006)

While adaptations of Flaubert for television and cinema have triggered critical comment, those in radio have passed unnoticed. However, Diana Griffiths’s 2006 adaptation of Madame Bovary for Radio 4 makes clear the natural affinity between radio and this novel. The intimacy of radio is pronounced. It creates its pictures in the confines of its listener’s skull, allowing, with an ease theatre, television, and cinema do not have, unfettered, seemingly natural access to the thoughts and inner monologues of its characters. It is thus perfectly placed to reproduce the intimacy of Flaubert’s novel and its relentless dissection of the hidden recesses of its heroine’s desires, dreams, and dissatisfactions. Griffiths’s adaptation also reproduces the intimacy of Flaubert’s style indirect libre as John Hurt’s numerous voice-overs filter themselves through the consciousness of Griffiths’s characters, adopting their vocabulary and stance on life. Moreover, adapting the endlessly shifting spaces of Flaubert’s novel, Griffiths translates nineteenth-century Normandy into the space of modern British radio. In so doing she pushes her audience to consider the question of national space in the adaptive process, a space all too often overlooked by adaptation theorists but which may usefully be read using the insights of translation theorists such as Antoine Berman. Griffiths’s piece, though, not only explores the interior space of characters’ minds and probes the exterior spaces their bodies inhabit, so too, like Flaubert, does it consider the space of its own artistry. Griffiths’s adaptation points to the aspects of the Flaubertian text which it cannot adapt, giving a paradoxical place to that which is no longer there. As Emma is unable to access the ontology of either her being or her desires as a result of the obfuscating and endless veils of texts from which she has adapted them, so Griffiths’s adaptation plays with its inability to access Flaubert’s novel in any complete sense. Both novel and radio adaptation find artistic life in the reproduction of earlier sources. Playing self-reflexively on their own use of the déjà connu, both works ask their audience to recognize in their adaptive fictions the earlier sources which bring creative life but which can never fully be grasped.

Crime on the Airwaves: The Carter Brown Mystery Theatre

Abstract In the mid-1950s, Carter Brown Mystery books were selling in the millions in Australia; their robust humour and simple plots made them ideal fodder for radio adaptation. The Carter Brown Mystery Theatre did not make a great impact upon Australian radio per se, but it was popular enough to be onsold overseas. This article explores the Carter Brown Mystery Theatre as an exemplar of recuperating an unexplored area of the Australian radio industry: popular crime serials. Finally, it posits a ‘grammar’ of radio.

Delay Statistics for ARQ Protocols over Network-Coded Cooperative Networks

This paper presents a queuing analysis method for automatic repeat request (ARQ) in network-coded cooperative transmission networks with dynamic radio link adaptation. An equivalent Nakagami-m channel model is derived for the network-coded cooperative system and a Finite State Markov Chain (FSMC) is modeled for conducting queuing analysis of packet transmission. Finally, the matrix geometry method is used to get the steady state probability distribution and delay statistics. Numerical results show that as the network coding method reduces the feedback delay, the corresponding total delay has a relatively decrease.

Wuthering Heights: A radio adaptation

Abstract A radio adaptation of Emily Brontë’s Novel Wuthering Heights commissioned by the BBC for the Radio 4 Woman’s Hour series. This adaptation is spread over fifteen episodes and deliberately gives the second half of the book as much time as the more popular first half. This version has also deliberately embraced the medium of radio, hence the house ‘Wuthering Heights’ has been given a voice. Hopefully this brings the world of the book directly into the mind of the listener, with all the brooding passion, cruelty, and darkness it contains. It is a novel of extremes, love and hate, hell and heaven, life and death, man and beast it is also about breaking boundaries and promises. I hope by paring the book back to its bones I have managed to capture some of this in its new form.

Performance Assessment of Cognitive Radio Adaptation Engine based on Real-coded Genetic Algorithms

ABSTRACT Adaptation is one of the fundamental functionalities of Cognitive Radio Systems (CRS). Adaptation refers to theability of the radio to adapt its operating parameters in response to varying stimuli.Choice of the best parameter set of the radio to achieve certain objectives in shortest time possible remains one of the most challenging tasks in Cognitive Radio (CR) research.One possible approach to adaptation engine design is based on utilizing Genetic Algorithms (GA) which invoke a combination of exploration and exploitation processes to perform random and directed searches for semi-optimal solutions in the possible solution space. However, conventional Binary-coded Genetic Algorithms (BGA) based adaptation engines used frequently in CR research,are criticized for their slow convergence and response times. Accordingly, Real-coded Genetic Algorithms (RGA) – a specific type of GA – have been implemented in our work, to address this problem. RGA alleviates many of the disadvantages of conventional BGA based implementations. This paper focuses on RGA based adaptation engine implementations' performance assessment compared to conventional BGA based implementations. Performance assessment results indicate that RGA based implementation does demonstrate a superior performance over BGA based implementations; in achieving the best configuration to minimize the link BER with minimum possible transmitted EIRP levels; in the shortest time possible.

An Evolutionary Cognitive Radio Adaptation Engine Architecture Inspired from Cognitive Sciences

Cognitive Radio (CR) is the future of radio systems giving authorities and end users unprecedented capabilities, and completely new services expectations. This paper aims at introducing an evolutionary novel Cognitive Radio adaptation engine architecture inspired from theories developed in cognitive sciences. Adaptation is a fundamental feature of CR necessary for many applications and use cases such as dynamic spectrum access, and emergency and disaster relief communication systems. The proposed architecture employs meta-heuristic techniques to dynamically and autonomously self-adapt to external varying stimuli, in order to reach some objectives. The implemented architecture is shown to be suitable for applications of emergency and disaster relief communication systems. General Terms