Radical Inclusion Research Articles

Topographies (review)

THE COMPAKATIST cultural ("hegemonic") tradition(s). Transformative strategies and re-visioning postures associated witii critical rereading are in fact mentioned by many contributors , but the collection fails to describe rereading either as a conscious, culturally stimulated activity or as a natural, inevitable outgrowth ofdie continuing reading process. It merely suggests that "reading as rereading opens up a temporal space of reading, an irreducible difference in the time that we take to read" (14). Also puzzling is the editor's decision to include Maurice Blanchot's "Reading ." The essay is apparently meant for those readers who cannot find their critical niche in either direction emphasized by Bennett: that readers are the product of historical/social concerns, or mat even as individuals they are multiple. Blanchot holds that reading, for readers, is the reverse offinding an identity, that it is in fact, a "dissolution ofdie . . . sense ofself" (188), a position that undermines everydiing this collection has tried to establish concerning the interactive, transformative aspects of reading as a conscious act. His theory robs text and reader of cultural context, presenting each as an entity "torn from its place" (190). (Georges Poulet, whose "criticism ofidentification" encourages readers to identify with the spirit of the work, may have been a more suitable—and certainly less radical—inclusion at this point in the collection.) For Blanchot, reading merely affirms the existence of the work: "The book needs the reader to become a statue" (191)—immutable, unchanging , a "tranquil and silent presence" (194) that produces nothing. Blanchot is clearly among those famousely described by Bardies in S/Z, "who ... are obliged to read the same story everywhere." Robin Rison Ashworth Virginia Commonwealth University J. HILLIS MILLER Topographies. Stanford: Stanford UP, 1995. 376 pp. Topographies is more manjust J. Hillis Miller's most recent book (published in the Crossing Aesthetics series edited by Werner Hamacher and David Wellbery). The title is, in fact, a perfect introduction to me subject-matter and a most concise synthesis ofthe critic's method as well. A former member of the so-called Yale School with Paul de Man, Harold Bloom, and Geoffrey Hartman, Miller is by now a prolific author in whose work a phenomenological heritage is blended with a rare talent for "deconstructive" reading. To be sure, after the phenomenological period at Johns Hopkins, when Miller practiced a comprehensive criticism of identification, two other important moments followed: his affiliation with the Yale School, and the current post-Yale sequel at the University of California, Irvine. However, Miller never really lost touch during his Yale and Irvine phases with phenomenology as a reading strategy for unifying die subject and the object. In this connection, it should be recalled that at the time of The Disappearance ofGodand Poets ofReality, phenomenological criticism acted mainly as a challenge to New Criticism and its general aim ofestablishing a more "objective" approach to literature. A similar polemical note appeared in Miller's work, except that what for other interpreters was a political strategy dictated by the urgency ofdie moment, was for Miller more abiding: phenomenolVoI . 21 (1997): 163 REVZEWS ogy never vanished from his critical practice. Georges Poulet has remained a strong influence, along with an unbroken faiui in a sort of"humanistic" outlook on literature which emphasizes thejoy ofreading. The chapter on Derrida in Topographies reformulates the two main directions ofMiller's phenomenological career: phenomenology as a reading technique and as programmatic polemics. The act ofreading especially has capital significance for understanding Miller's evolution. The critic constantly reinforces the idea that, for him, deconstruction is nothing else but "good reading," and that the central difficulty in criticism arises wim our choice ofwhat to read. This necessarily leads to die ethical question: why does one choose to examine Trollope's fiction instead of Wilde's, for instance? The answer, at least for Miller, seems to be one ofthe definitions ofdeconstruction, which is a critical metiiod based on "me ethics ofreading." In other words, "ediics" is a signifier for the subjective affinity, or the phenomenological principle ofidentification, whereas deconstruction stands for the signified, the way to give one's textual choice a proper and comprehensive reading. This theoretical shift distances Miller within the Yale School from...

What's Wrong With This Picture? John 4, Cultural Stereotypes of Women, and Public and Private Space

Since John 4 makes much of gender issues, readers must know the typical cultural expectations in antiquity concerning females in terms of places, times, persons, and things. Initially, the Samaritan woman appears to be shamefully "out of place" at the well at noon; but as she is transformed into a disciple, she becomes "in place," and so her actions and behavior are judged appropriate within the fictive-kinship circle of disciples. Thus she moves from "public" to "private" space, with corresponding shifts in behavior and evaluation. According to cultural expectations, she represents the quintessential deviant (non-Jew, unclean, shameless, even sinner); but in her transformation, she exemplifies the radical inclusivity of Jesus' circle.

Reading Ernesto Cardenal Reading Ezra Pound: Radical Inclusiveness, Epic Reconstitution and Textual Praxis

As early as the publication of Hora O (I960), Cardenal begins the practice of incorporating whole texts and parts of other texts into his own. This practice becomes a defining feature of exteriorismo and is responsible for producing the multi-discursive style that has become the trademark of his work. Cardenal attributes this borrowing procedure to the influence of Ezra Pound.1 In particular he cites Pound's essay, Retrospect, and ABC of Reading as having the most impact on his poetic development Although the Poundian influence is noted by scholars of only one article, and Cardenal, by Isabel Fraire (Fraire 36-42) examines the connection between the two poets very attentively. She argues that like the Italian verse-forms' influence on Garcilaso de la Vega, the influence of Pound's poetry on Cardenal has produced a dramatic shift in the course of Hispanic poetry. Defending CardenaTs originality, she states that what he took from Pound is the mechanics of a new poetic form, the Canto, and used it for his own purposes, filled it with his own content. A Latin American content (Fraire 37). The

Recent studies on radical polymerization

Different aspects of radical polymerization have been investigated in the author&s laboratory. 1) Radical oligomerization has been studied by GC-MS and some kinetic parameters obtained in this way (chain transfer and reinitiation constants, reactivity ratios) compared with the results of classical experiments. 2) Star-shaped polymers have been obtained by using a series of polyfunctional chain transfer agents; the experimental results agree very well with the theoretical expectations. 3) A reexamination of the copolymerization equation showed that the steady-state assumption is not a necessary condition for the kinetic derivation and that all approaches are conceptually equivalent. 4) The structure and the 2D NMR spectra of hemiisotactic polypropylene obtained by radical inclusion polymerization are discussed.

ChemInform Abstract: Bimodal Inclusion of Nitroxide Radicals by β‐Cyclodextrin in Water as Studied by ESR and ENDOR

ChemInform Abstract: Bimodal Inclusion of Nitroxide Radicals by β‐Cyclodextrin in Water as Studied by ESR and ENDOR

Bimodal inclusion of nitroxide radicals by .beta.-cyclodextrin in water as studied by electron spin resonance and electron nuclear double resonance

Bimodal inclusion of nitroxide radicals by .beta.-cyclodextrin in water as studied by electron spin resonance and electron nuclear double resonance

ChemInform Abstract: Bimodal Inclusion of Nitroxide Radicals by β‐Cyclodextrin in Water As Detected by ESR

ChemInform Abstract: Bimodal Inclusion of Nitroxide Radicals by β‐Cyclodextrin in Water As Detected by ESR

Bimodal inclusion of nitroxide radicals by .beta.-cyclodextrin in water as detected by electron spin resonance

Bimodal inclusion of nitroxide radicals by .beta.-cyclodextrin in water as detected by electron spin resonance

Stereoregular block copolymers obtained by a radical process in inclusion compounds

The ‘living’ character of the radical inclusion polymerization in pre-irradiated perhydrotriphenylene has been demonstrated by preparation of stereoregular block copolymers from diene monomers.

Chemical models of monooxygenases

1. Employing specially selected tests, a comparison of model systems of enzymatic oxidation with known radical and oxenoid reactions indicates the inclusion of OH radicals in the reaction. 2. A model system for the low-temperature oxidation of alkanes by molecular oxygen to alcohols was found, which presumably operates by the oxenoid mechanism.

アルミニウムの自然発色現象におよぼす電解波形の影響と発色機構

The built-in color of aluminum anodized in oxalic acid electrolyte depended upon the wave form of the current for electrolysis. The E.S.R. spectrum of anodic oxide film at room temperature showed the presence of free spin (unpaired electron) in the films, where the spin concentration was related to the deepness of the color of the film. The pulsating current superimposed on direct current caused coloring of deep brown on the film, which is similar to the color obtained from sulfosalicylic acid bath (Kalcolor) Ultraviolet and visible ray absorption spectra of the thin film at -186°C showed several discrete absorption bands, while those at room temperature are broad and non-discrete. From these results the following three mechanisms were proposed as the causes of built-in color of anodic oxide films: (1) Inclusion of organic radicals in glassy alumina. (2) Electrons or holes trapped at the defective sites of alumina crystallites. (3) Semi-carbonized organic substances accompanied with some radicals or imperfections in the molecule.

Motion and flow in heritage institutions. Two cases of challenges from within

Through two case studies, one in Australia and one in Sweden, this paper looks at how seemingly stable heritage institutions such as museums, archives and government repositories can be reformed through engagement with subaltern subjects. Highlighting institutional permeability rather than conservative resistance, we follow the movement of this “motion and flow” and how it in turn affects ideas of what constitutes both “heritage experts” and broader notions of “heritage”. Although these examples vary in scale, they nevertheless share the contemporary myths and misunderstandings around what happens when heritage institutions meet with subaltern peoples and the challenges they offer from within for the inner workings of the institution. In one case a radical inclusion has been achieved while the other has begun what is likely to be a long-term, complex, cultural conversation. Taken together, these institutional achievements may offer an alternative to recent critiques of official heritage institutions as merely inheritors of a nineteenth-century legacy.