Radiative Flow Research Articles

Heat and mass transfer analysis of assisting and opposing radiative flow conveying ternary hybrid nanofluid over an exponentially stretching surface

Access to dependable and environmentally friendly energy sources is critical to a country's economic growth and long-term development. As countries seek greener energy alternatives, the interaction of environmental elements, temperature, and sunlight becomes more critical in utilizing renewable energy sources such as wind and bioenergy. Solar power has received much attention due to extraordinary efficiency advances. under this context, the present work focus on solar radiation and chemical processes in the presence of modified ternary hybrid nanofluids (THNFs) circulating over an exponentially stretched surface in both aiding flow (A-F) and opposing flow (O-F) circumstances. The primary objective of this investigation is to dive into the complicated dynamics of these structures, which are distinguished by complex interactions involving radiation, chemical reactions, and the movement of fluids. We construct reduced ordinary differential equations from the governing equations using suitable similarity transformations, which allows for a more in-depth examination of the liquid's behavior. Numerical simulations using the Runge–Kutta Fehlberg (RKF) approach and shooting techniques are used to understand the underlying difficulties of these reduced equations. The results show that thermal radiation improves heat transmission substantially under O-F circumstances in contrast to A-F conditions. Furthermore, the reaction rate parameter has an exciting connection with concentration levels, with greater rates corresponding to lower concentrations. Furthermore, compared to the O-F scenario, the A-F scenario promotes higher heat transfer in the context of a modified nanofluid. Rising reaction rate and solid fraction volume enhanced mass transfer rate. The rate of thermal distribution in THNFs improves from 0.13 to 20.4% in A-F and 0.16 to 15.06% in O-F case when compared to HNFs. This study has real-world implications in several fields, including developing more efficient solar water heaters, solar thermal generating plants, and energy-saving air conditioners.

Experimental study on performance assessment of photovoltaic/thermal-thermoelectric generator systems: Bifacial and tandem types

The utilization of photovoltaic/thermal-thermoelectric generator (PV/T-TEG) systems holds great promise for achieving efficient utilization of the full solar spectrum. However, the conventional tandem structure design fails to effectively address the issue of temperature mismatch between the PV and TEG components during operation, highlighting the need for an innovative solution. To address this limitation, an innovative bifacial PV/T-TEG system was developed in this study. A practical test setup was employed to compare the performance of the conventional tandem system with the novel bifacial system under controlled laboratory conditions. The influences of solar radiation and water flow rate on the temperature, electrical, and thermal characteristics of both system configurations were thoroughly investigated and analyzed. The experimental findings unequivocally demonstrate that the recommended bifacial system exhibits lower average PV module temperature and a larger temperature difference in the TEG component when compared to the conventional tandem configuration. Specifically, the temperature reduction in the PV component could be higher than 18 K, while the improvement in temperature difference in the TEG component was larger than 5 K. Moreover, both the PV and TEG components show significantly enhanced power output. The PV power output experiences an improvement ranging from 4.7% to 12.7%, while the maximum power enhancement ratio for TEG reaches 27.8%. Additionally, a notable enhancement of 17% in thermal efficiency is observed when comparing the two systems. The thermal efficiency of the bifacial system improves by 8.37%, and for the tandem system, the improvement is 10.73%, achieved by adjusting the water flow rates.

Heat transfer analysis of magnetized Cu-Ag-H2O hybrid nanofluid radiative flow over a spinning disk when the exponential heat source and Hall current are substantial: Optimization and sensitivity analysis

The main motive of the instigated mathematical model is to observe the impact of Hall current on the hybrid nanofluid flow over a disk that is rotating. The copper and silver metal nanoparticles have been considered with volume fraction φ1=φ2=0.01(0.01)0.04 and are suspended in water to form the hybrid nanofluid. Diverse characteristics like magnetic field, thermal radiation, and (ESHS) exponential space dependent heat source are incorporated to investigate the nature of the flow. The present mathematical model is initiated with partial derivative equations (PDEs) which are redrafted as ordinary derivative equations (ODEs) with appropriate transformations of similarity. The results are attained through a blend of the Runge-Kutta method, shooting procedure, and the influences of parameters on the flow of nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid are compared and illustrated both as tables and graphs. The present numerical research is unique because by employing a complete quadratic CCD framework using the RSM strategy, the sensitivity and optimization analysis of the heat transmission improvement for the volume fraction, ESHS, and thermal radiation parameters have been performed. The R-squared and adjusted R-Squared are obtained as 100%. The residual graphs and contour diagrams of the same are also shown. The current study establishes that the Hall parameter increases the radial velocity, but it also controls the energy and cross-radial velocity. The rate of heat transmission is increased by thermal radiation even at low levels of ESHS. The rate of heat transmission is more sensitive (0.024670) to the volume fraction of the hybrid nanofluid when ESHS is at an intermediate level. The lowest sensitivity (-1.269967) value towards ESHS is observed For thermal radiation and ESHS parameter values, the heat transmission rate of the mono nanofluid is not as great as that of hybrid nanofluid. The current study finds applications in the generation of hydroelectric power, air cleansing and rotating equipment, healthcare devices, and many other industries.

Study of hybrid Al2O3-Cu nanomaterials on radiative flow over a stretching/shrinking cylinder: Comparative analysis

Study of hybrid Al2O3-Cu nanomaterials on radiative flow over a stretching/shrinking cylinder: Comparative analysis

Mixed convective thermally radiative viscoelastic hybrid nanofluid flow in a vertical channel: Entropy generation analysis

The utilization of a new category of nanofluids, termed hybrid nanofluid, has recently been adopted to elevate the heat transfer rate. This research aims to analyze the significance of thermal radiative flux and entropy generation on the flow of hybrid nanofluid within a vertical channel. Specifically, the Al2O3–TiO2/CMC-water hybrid nanofluid is assumed to be produced by suspending hybrid nanoparticles of alumina (Al2O3) and titanium oxide (TiO2) in CMC-water (0.0–0.4%). The equations governing the problem are converted into a set of ordinary differential equations by utilizing appropriate similarity conversions, which are then solved through the Homotopy Analysis Method (HAM). The Brinkman number’s significant influence on the Bejan number and the regulation of entropy in the system is discovered. The results of the skin friction coefficient, heat transfer rate, entropy generation, and Bejan number are depicted through graphical representation, covering a wide range of parameter values.

Energy, Exergy, and Emissions Analyses of Internal Combustion Engines and Battery Electric Vehicles for the Brazilian Energy Mix

Exergy is a thermodynamic concept that ponders the quality of energy. It evaluates the irreversibilities of a machine, demonstrating its capacity to perform work associated with energy conversion. This article focuses on directing public policies and vehicle development toward their most proper usage worldwide. In the urban mobility scenario, there is an obvious demand to decrease greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In addition, the internal combustion engine (ICE) experiences considerable energy losses through heat exchange through the radiator and exhaust flow gases, which are not considerable in battery electric vehicles (BEVs) since there are no exhaust gases subsequent to combustion, nor combustion itself. This work presents longitudinal dynamics simulations of passenger vehicles to understand the magnitude of exergy destruction in ICEVs and BEVs, considering the Brazilian and European Union electric energy mix. Overall, the method can be applied to any other country. The simulation and model parameters were configured to match production road vehicles commercialized in the Brazilian market based on different versions of the same model. Two vehicle dynamic duty cycles were used, one relating to urban usage and another to highway usage, resulting in an overall exergy efficiency of around 50–51% for BEVs considering the exergy destruction in power plants. In contrast, ICE has an average efficiency of 20% in the urban cycle and around 30% in the highway cycle. By comparing the overall equivalent CO2 emissions, it is possible to conclude that EVs in the European energy matrix produce more GHG than ICE vehicles running on ethanol in Brazil. Nevertheless, there are increasing uses of coal, natural gas, and oil thermal electric power plants, raising the question of how the transition may occur with a general increase in electrification since there is an increasing electric expenditure in all sectors of society, and the renewable energy plants may not meet all of the demand.

A fractional study with Newtonian heating effect on heat absorbing MHD radiative flow of rate type fluid with application of novel hybrid fractional derivative operator

The present work examines the analytical solutions of the mathematical fractional Maxwell fluid model near an infinitely vertical plate. The phenomenon has been expressed in terms of partial differential equations, then transformed the governing equations in non-dimensional form. For the sake of better rheology of rate type fluid, developed a fractional model by applying the new definition of Constant Proportional Caputo (CPC) fractional derivative operator that describe the generalized memory effects. For seeking exact solutions in terms of Mittag-Leffler functions for velocity and temperature, Laplace integral transformation technique is applied. For physical significance of various system parameters on fluid velocity and temperature distributions are demonstrated through various graphs by using graphical software. Furthermore, for being validated the acquired solutions, some limiting models such as ordinary Newtonian model had been recovered from fractional model. It is also analyzed that for Newtonian heating and non-uniform velocity conditions, the CPC fractional operator is the finest fractional model to describe the memory effect of velocity and energy distribution. Moreover, the graphical representations of the analytical solutions illustrated the main results of the present work. Also, in the literature, it is observed that to derived analytical results from fractional fluid models developed by the various fractional operators, is difficult and this article contributing to answer the open problem of obtaining analytical solutions the fractionalized fluid models.

Exploring the Influence of Induced Magnetic Fields and Double-Diffusive Convection on Carreau Nanofluid Flow through Diverse Geometries: A Comparative Study Using Numerical and ANN Approaches

This current investigation aims to explore the significance of induced magnetic fields and double-diffusive convection in the radiative flow of Carreau nanofluid through three distinct geometries. To simplify the fluid transport equations, appropriate self-similarity variables were employed, converting them into ordinary differential equations. These equations were subsequently solved using the Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF) method. Through graphical representations like graphs and tables, the study demonstrates how various dynamic factors influence the fluid’s transport characteristics. Additionally, the artificial neural network (ANN) approach is considered an alternative method to handle fluid flow issues, significantly reducing processing time. In this study, a novel intelligent numerical computing approach was adopted, implementing a Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm-based MLP feed-forward back-propagation ANN. Data collection was conducted to evaluate, validate, and guide the artificial neural network model. Throughout all the investigated geometries, both velocity and induced magnetic profiles exhibit a declining trend for higher values of the magnetic parameter. An increase in the Dufour number corresponds to a rise in the nanofluid temperature. The concentration of nanofluid increases with higher values of the Soret number. Similarly, the nanofluid velocity increases with higher velocity slip parameter values, while the fluid temperature exhibits opposite behavior, decreasing with increasing velocity slip parameter values.

Entropy generation analysis on MHD flow of second-grade hybrid nanofluid over a porous channel with thermal radiation

The main objective of this research is to evaluate the Jeffery-Hamel model and entropy generation on the thermal radiation and magnetohydrodynamic flow of second-grade hybrid nanofluid between convergence and divergence channels in stretching and shrinking walls. We used blood as the base fluid and Cu and Fe3O4 as the nanoparticles in our model. The highly coupled nonlinear Partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations with the help of self-similarities transformation and solved using MATLAB solver by using the Bvp4c shooting technique. The Homotopy Perturbation Method (HPM) is compared to the Numerical Method (NM), and the results are reliable. The influences of velocity, temperature, entropy generation, and the Bejan number on nondimensional parameters like a magnetic field, the Reynolds number, thermal radiation, Deborah number, magnetic field, and the Brinkman number are discussed through graphs. The skin friction coefficients and heat transfer are also studied and portrayed as graphs and tables. The effect of a magnetic field on the velocity of stretching and shrinking through converging and diverging channels. When increasing the magnetic field, the velocity profile increases. As magnetic field values increase, the temperature profile decreases with the stretching and shrinking of converging channels. Also, the opposite behavior of stretching and shrinking for diverging channels is observed. As the Deborah number grows, the velocity reduces for the converging channel in the stretching and shrinking of the walls. It is observed that the opposite nature of the diverging channel occurs in the stretching and shrinking of the walls. In this model, biomedical applications in surgical procedures, nano-mediated atherosclerosis treatment, and several diseases with drug delivery systems.

Second law analysis on cross flow of hybrid nanoliquid in a Darcy–Forchheimer medium with thermal radiative flow

This article’s objective is to examine the optimization of entropy in Darcy–Forchheimer cross-hybrid nanofluids as they flow toward a stretchy surface. There is a current because the surface is being stretched. The energy equation is broken down into its component parts including thermal radiation, heat source sink, and convective flow. In this case, copper oxide ( CuO ) and titanium dioxide ( TiO 2 ) are taken into consideration as nanoparticles, while engine oil (EO) is taken into consideration as a continuous phase fluid. In addition, we carried out an investigation into the relative performance of copper oxide ( CuO ) and titanium dioxide ( TiO 2 ) while they were suspended in water engine oil. The application of the second law of thermodynamics allows for the calculation of the rate of entropy optimization. Using a suitable transformation, nonlinear partial differential equations can be transformed into a standard system. In this work, we use the numerical built-in BVP4c solution method to generate numerical results for the derived nonlinear flow equation. Both copper oxide ( CuO ) and titanium dioxide ( TiO 2 ) undergo a graphical analysis of the effects of varying technical factors on entropy optimization, velocity, the Bejan number, and temperature. Numerical computations of the skin friction coefficient and Nusselt number for a range of fascinating parameters are performed for both nanoparticles ( TiO 2 and CuO ) . It is clear from the data that entropy optimization improves as the size of the radiation and porosity estimates reduces. The porosity parameter exhibits direct relationships to both temperature and velocity. Tabular comparisons of the current study with the previously published literature show a high degree of agreement. Copper and titanium oxide nanoparticles are used to increase Engine oil ( EO ) thermal enactment, making it a more useful base fluid. Further, some significant industrial and engineering applications are related to the present problem discourse.

Unsteady thin film radiative nanofluids flow over time-dependent inclined stretching surfaces with Lorentz force and heat generation

This study aims to explore the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic thin film nanofluids flow over an inclined stretching surface in the presence of thermal radiation. The stretching velocity, Lorentz force and heat generation impacts together with the distributions of the temperature and nanoparticles at the surface are considered time-dependent. During the problem formulation, the haphazard motion and thermal migration are not neglected. The solution methodology is based on the Runge–Kutta method and it is divided into two steps, namely, solution of the momentum equations to obtain the nanofluid film thickness [Formula: see text] corresponding to the unsteadiness parameter S and the second step is using the values of [Formula: see text] to solve the entire system of equations. The major findings revealed that the nanofluid film thickness [Formula: see text] is reduced as the unsteadiness and magnetic field parameters are growing. Also, the rate of the heat transfer is diminishing as either the radiation parameter or the inclination angle increases. Furthermore, the increase in the buoyancy parameter from 0 to 1.5 gives an enhancement in the velocity up to 0.63%.

Computational analysis of nonsimilar electromagnetohydrodynamic radiative nanofluid flow across Darcy–Forchheimer–Brinkman porous media

This study develops nonsimilar analysis for the electrically conducting nanofluid flow over a vertically placed stretching surface adjacent to porous medium with transverse magnetic field assumption. The features of thermal radiations, viscous dissipation, and heat source factors are also incorporated to scrutinize the thermal prospective. The Brinkman–Forchheimer who extended Darcy model is considered for the porous medium and a Rosseland approximation is employed for thermal radiations. Titanium oxide and silica are considered nanoparticles, while kerosine oil and silicon ceramic serving as the base fluids in porous medium, respectively. Tiwari–Dass approach is used to derive the governing system. Appropriate transformations are deployed to render the governing partial differential equations into a dimensionless system. To address the transformed system, the local nonsimilarity technique in conjunction with the bvp4c (fourth-order method boundary value problem) is used. Variations in velocity and thermal distributions of nanofluids have been investigated in relation to developing dimensionless parameters such as nanoparticle concentration, Darcy porosity parameter, Darcy number, electric parameter, Hartmann number, radiation parameter, Richardson number, heat source/sink parameter, and Eckert number. Numerical findings are found to interpret the role of the emerging parameters on physical quantities. The obtained findings reveals that the surge in the estimations of Richardson number enhances the nanofluid velocity while it diminishes the temperature profile. The concentration of nanoparticles improves the thermal profile of both nanofluids under consideration, whereas the enhancement in Darcy porosity parameter reduces velocity and improves temperature distributions. Results found to be in excellent agreement with published results on a special case of the considered problem.

Gas Discharge Source of Synchronous Flows of UV Radiation and Silver Sulphide Microstructures

The results of the study of the characteristics of a pulsed source of time-synchronous UV radiation streams of silver atoms and ions and micro-nanostructures of silver sulfide are given. An overvoltage nanosecond discharge was ignited in nitrogen between electrodes made of silver sulfide (Ag2S) at a distance between electrodes of 2 mm. Silver sulfide vapors were introduced into the gas-vapor mixture "Nitrogen - Ag2S" due to the ectonic mechanism. The voltage and current pulses, the pulsed power of the discharge, the energy contribution to the plasma for one pulse at pulse repetition frequencies of 40-1000 Hz were studied. The spectral characteristics of the discharge and the spatial characteristics of the microstructures deposited from the discharge plasma on a quartz substrate installed near the electrode system were studied.
 The discharge can be used as a source of bactericidal radiation and a source of microstructures based on silver sulfide, as well as a plasma chemical reactor for the synthesis of thin microstructured films of silver sulfide.

Stability analysis of stratified radiative non-Newtonian Casson nanofluid flow past on stretching/shrinking sheet using two-phase model

An incompressible steady-state 2D (two-dimensional) stratified boundary-driven Casson nanofluid flowing over the stretched/shrinked surface under buoyancy, magnetic and radiative effects is considered. The two-phase Buongiorno model is adopted to express the behavior of nanomaterial with the stratified boundary conditions. A system of nonlinear ODEs (ordinary differential equations) is extracted from the modeled PDEs (partial differential equations) by using the similarity transformations. The shooting scheme is adapted to execute the obtained equations numerically. The achieved results indicate the duality in the solutions at various ranges of the specified constraints like as suction, shrinking or stretching. The stability analysis is done to check the feasibility of solutions by BVP4c in Matlab. It is achieved that an increment in suction constraint enhanced the skin friction for shrinking case. The temperature curves are decreased with an improvement in Casson, suction, buoyancy and stratification parameters. The nanoparticles concentration reduced against the higher Casson, Brownian motion, suction, thermal and solutal stratification parameters. On other hand, an increment in the thermophoresis increases nanoparticles concentration profile.

ATSS model based upon applications of Cattaneo-Christov thermal analysis for entropy optimized ternary nanomaterial flow with homogeneous-heterogeneous chemical reactions

ATSS model for magnetohydrodynamic Darcy-Forchheimer radiative ternary nanoliquid flow by curved stretched sheet is constructed. Ternary nanoliquid consists of three different nanoparticles (gold (Au), zinc oxide (ZnO) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)) in ordinary liquid (Carboxymethylcellulose water (CMC-H2O)). Cattaneo-Christov heat flux and convective condition are discussed. Thermal equation has Ohmic heating, heat generation/absorption and radiation. Entropy production along with cubic autocatalysis chemical reaction is discussed. The obtained differential nonlinear systems are numerically computed by using ND-solve method. Graphical discussion for liquid flow, entropy rate and temperature via influential parameters for nanomaterial (Au/CMC-H2O), hybrid nanomaterial (Au+ZnO/CMC-H2O) and ternary nanomaterial (Au+ZnO+MWCNT/CMC-H2O) is organized. Computational outcomes for coefficient of skin friction and Nusselt number are studied. Opposite trend of velocity and skin friction for curvature is noticed. Velocity reduces against higher magnetic field. Augmentation for temperature against Eckert and thermal Biot numbers is noticed. Entropy production enhancement for radiation and diffusion parameter is observed. Thermal transport rate for radiation and thermal relaxation time has an increasing effect.

Exploration of diffusion-thermo and thermo-diffusion on the nonlinear radiative heat flow of a conducting fluid over a permeable surface

The featured problem explores the impact of cross-diffusion on the two-dimensional electrically conducting flow of a viscous liquid over a nonlinearly stretching sheet through a permeable medium. An inclusion of radiative heat energizes the heat transport phenomenon whereas the solutal transfer enriches by the conjunction of the chemical reaction. To justify the behavior of electromagnetic radiation, the Rosseland approximation is used by considering nonlinear thermal radiation. Further, the convective boundary conditions also affect the flow properties. The approachable transformations are employed to get a suitable non-dimensional form of the governing equations for the formulated problem. Due to the complex nature of the distorted equations, the system of equations is solved using an in-built code bvp5c predefined in MATLAB. The computation is carried out for the involvement of the suitable values of contributing parameters on the flow characteristics and along with the simulations of the rate coefficients. Further, the assigned particular parameters present an outcome that validates with a good correlation. Finally, the important outcomes are — enhanced suction due to the permeability of the surface augments the fluid velocity whereas the trend is reversed in the case of injection. The augmentation in the fluid temperature is exhibited for the radiating heat but the reacting species attenuates the fluid concentration.

An influence of radiation and magnetohydrodynamic flow of hybrid nanofluid past a stretching/shrinking sheet with mass transpiration

AbstractThis research focuses on energy convention and mass transpiration in magnetohydrodynamic hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3–Cu) flows driven by a moving surface, which build numerous applications such as inducing hypothermia in cancer tumors, reducing bleeding in severe injuries, and performing magnetic resonance imaging are only a few medical applications applying magnetohydrodynamics A similarity transformation describes the representational construction of the steady two‐dimensional nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Above equations subject to corresponding boundary conditions are analytically solved. Specifically, the energy equation with radiation effect is solved analytically using incomplete Gamma function. Moreover, the graphs included physical representations of the measurement can be found in this paper. In summary, our findings demonstrate that mass‐transfer induced slip has a non‐negligible impact on flows driven by a moving sheet. Mass transfer induced slip may even be able to dominate the flow driven effect of the moving sheet by changing the flow directions to flow against the sheet motion and also thermal radiation parameter increases as thermal boundary layer increases.

Numerical study on radiative MHD flow of viscoelastic fluids with distributed-order and variable-order space fractional operators

The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flow has been concerned widely for its widespread adoption in the field of astrophysics, electronics and many other industries over the years. The purpose of this article is to introduce the variable and distributed order space fractional models to characterize the MHD flow and heat transfer of heterogeneous viscoelastic fluids in a parallel plates. Based on the central difference approximation of Riesz space fractional derivative, the Crank–Nicolson difference scheme for the governing equations is established, and the effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by two numerical examples. We examine the effects of fractional-order model parameters on the velocity and temperature, our investigation indicates that for the constant fractional model, the larger the fractional order parameter, the smaller the velocity and temperature. The variable space fractional method can be used to describe dynamic behavior with time and space dependence, while the distributed space fractional model can describe various phenomena in which the number of differential orders varies over a certain range, characterizing their complex processes over space, and it is also more suitable for simulating the fluid flow and thermal behavior of complex viscoelastic magnetic fluid.

Numerical and sensitivity study on the heat transfer due to bioconvection on unsteady radiative MHD blood flow over a permeable artery with chemical reaction effects

The primary goal of this research is to investigate the dynamics of nanoparticle-mediated blood flow in the presence of bioconvection effects caused by microorganisms. The boundary layer problem of unsteady magnetohydrodynamic blood flow in the porous medium of tissues in stretching motion is studied. The Casson fluid model of blood flow is mathematically represented by a system of partial differential equations (PDE). The resulting set of governing equations is numerically solved, and the physical interpretation is given for the outcomes that are presented as graphs and tables. The temperature and concentration distribution of blood, along with the organism density profile in the corresponding boundary layer, are plotted, and the effects of various physical parameters, including magnetic field, radiation, chemical reaction, and permeability of the porous medium, on the results are investigated. Additionally, physical effects on the heat and mass transfer coefficients of the flow are also discussed. It is observed that the rate of heat transfer and the temperature profile are improved by increasing the values of the thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters. Furthermore, at the lowest value of the permeability parameter and the highest value of the Brownian motion factor, the maximum heat transfer rate is observed. The findings of the study bear the promise of significant application in targeted drug delivery, magnetic therapy, and therapeutic hyperthermia treatments.

Convective heat transfer enhancement and entropy generation analysis for radiative flow of ferrofluid inside the enclosure with non-uniform magnetic field

The present work consists of investigating the thermal performance and entropy generation for the non-isothermal radiative-convective flow of magnetic-ferrofluid inside the cavity exposed to the variable magnetic field. The effects of Lorentz and Kelvin forces for magnetized liquid are associated with magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and ferrohydrodynamic (FHD) are examined during this study. The penalty method is used to eliminate pressure terms from governing nonlinear system of partial differential equations, and then Galerkin finite element is utilized to reduce the system into a system of algebraic equations, which is then solved with the help of Newton Raphson method to obtain the required (unique) solution. The obtained results show that the thermal mixing and entropy generation increases with an increase in the magnetic number Mnf. The concentration of ferroparticles volume fraction (ϕ) from 0 to 0.05 increases the heat transfer rate by 62.78% and decreases the total entropy generation by 57.3%. The maximum 93.62% augmentation in the heat exchange rate is obtained at ϕ=0.05 and Mnf=103. The results of the present work can be used in obtaining geometric parameters and optimizing designs for effective energy transfer in chemical reactors, solar collectors, nuclear magnetic resonance imaging, heat exchangers, and dye removal from textile wastewater.