Development Of Radiation Technology Research Articles

Software and hardware complex for radiation processing facility control

In this work, we present the software and hardware complex, based on LinacRad code, to drive a linac-based radiation facility at the Institute of Physical chemistry and Electrochemistry Russian Academy of Sciences (IPCE RAS). This facility is used to perform radiation experiments and commercial irradiation works, such as radiation-induced transformations of the materials. It is also used for the development of radiation technologies on the base of the Center for the Collective Use of Physical Methods of Investigation at IPCE RAS. The presented code is one of the four modules within the whole complex, designed for automation and control of the irradiation process. It serves as a part of the facility performance optimization to increase its capabilities for non-standard experiments. The code allows to simplify the work of the installation operators and increase the reliability of technological processes.

Optimization of accelerator beam scanning parameters to improve the efficiency of radiation technologies

A method for optimizing the parameters of radiation installations scanning systems for research and applied work on the study of radiation-chemical transformations of materials and the development of radiation technologies in the radiation center of the IPCE RAS is considered. The developed new beam scanning system and the results of its research are presented. A simulation of the scanning system was performed, and the effect of nonlinearity of scanning magnet deflecting field on the uniformity of the irradiation dose on the surface of objects was studied. Methods for eliminating the harmful effect of nonlinearity of magnetic field on the irradiation efficiency at the UELV-10-10-C-70 accelerator are described.

Current State and Lines of the Further Development of High-Tech Means of Radiation Sterilization

New approaches are proposed for improving combined industrial technologies for the sterilization of bone implants, based on exposure to X-rays, gamma rays, and fast electron beams. The proposals open up prospects for further effective development of radiation technologies while reducing the absorbed dose and maintaining the sterility of bioimplants.

Prospects of Development of Radiation Technologies in Russia

The present review article describes the role of radiation technologies in various realms of human activities, including fundamental science, industry, agriculture, and medicine. The development of radiation technologies in the world and in Russia is compared. The total number of ionizing-radiation sources in the world is approximately 11 million units, most of them being radioactive sources (about six to seven million units) and x-ray facilities (about four million units). The number of high-technology facilities (such as accelerators and tomography units of various types) that employ ionizing radiation does not exceed 200 thousand units. In Russia, there are more than 153 thousand units of such instruments and facilities. They include about 64700 units employing x-ray radiation; about 79700 radioisotope devices and setups, reactors, and radioactive-waste storage facilities; and 471 accelerators. The most promising lines of development of radiation technologies in Russia are analyzed from the strategic and economic points of view.

RADIATION SAFETY OF THE PERSONNEL OF MEDICAL AND INDUSTRIAL ESTABLISHMENTS (1945-2016)

In this article, the historical analysis of the application of ionizing radiation sources in medicine and industry from the early stages of the development of radiation technology to the present day is shown. A retrospective (1945-1960) assessment of the personnel radiation doses in the X-ray diagnostic department (the use of open and closed X-ray tubes) and of the personnel of flaw detection laboratories (using collet grips and non-standard flaw detectors) showed a significant exceeding of the permissible values existing at that period of time. For the time present the existing system for the protection of personnel in medical and industrial establishments is shown to meet modern requirements, and the exposure levels are well below the permissible values established by RSB (Radiation Safety Norms)-99/2009. In intervention methods of research problems of further improvement of the personnel safety system are shown to exist, first of all, the development of technical solutions for the protection of the lens is required.

SU‐E‐T‐801: Verification of Dose Information Passed Through 3D‐Printed Products

Purpose:When quality assurance (QA) of patient treatment beam is performed, homogeneous water equivalent phantom which has different structure from patient's internal structure is normally used. In these days, it is possible to make structures which have same shapes of human organs with commercialization of 3D‐printer. As a Result, structures with same shape of human organs made by 3D‐printer could be used to test qualification of treatment beam with greater accuracy than homogeneous water phantom. In this study, we estimated the dose response of 3D‐printer materials to test the probability as a humanoid phantom or new generation of compensator tool.Methods:The rectangular products with variety densities (50%, 75% and 100%) were made to verify their characteristics. The products for experiment group and solid water phantom and air for control group with 125 cubic centimeters were put on solid water phantom with enough thickness. CT image of two products were acquired to know their HU values and to know about their radiologic characteristics. 6MV beams with 500MU were exposed for each experiment. Doses were measured behind the 3D‐printed products. These measured doses were compared to the results taken by TPS.Results:Absorbed dose penetrated from empty air is normalized to 100%. Doses measured from 6MV photon beams penetrated from 50%, 75% and 100% products were 99%, 96% and 84%, respectively. HU values of 50%, 75% and 100% products are about −910, −860 and −10.Conclusion:3D‐printer can produce structures which have similar characteristics with human organ. These results would be used to make similar phantoms with patient information.This work was supported by the Nuclear Safety Research Program (Grant No. 1305033 and 1403019) of the Korea Radiation Safety Foundation and the Nuclear Safety and Security Commission and Radiation Technology Development Program (2013M2A2A4027117) of the Republic of Korea.

Radiation pneumonitis after stereotactic body radiation therapy for early stage non-small cell lung cancer

随着放疗技术的进步，立体定向放射治疗（stereotactic body radiation therapy, SBRT）在早期非小细胞肺癌（non-small cell lung cancer, NSCLC）中得到了广泛应用，其不仅是不可手术的早期NSCLC的标准治疗方法，也是可手术的早期NSCLC的治疗方法之一。放射性肺炎（radiation pneumonitis, RP）是SBRT治疗后最常见的并发症。SBRT独特的分割计划和剂量分布使其不仅在治疗效果上和常规分割放疗不同，而且治疗后引起的RP和常规分割放疗引起的RP也有所不同。RP的发生可降低患者的生活质量，甚至导致治疗失败。因此，降低RP的风险对提高患者的生活质量和肿瘤的控制率有重要意义。本文就SBRT在早期NSCLC治疗中应用、治疗后RP的发生率、影像学表现以及预测因素方面作一综述。

Study of Scatter Influence of kV-Conebeam CT Based Calculation for Pelvic Radiotherapy

37 This project was supported by Ministry of Sciencr, ICT and Future Planning and Radiation Technology Development Program of National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-2013M2A2A7043506). Received 24 February 2014, Accepted 16 March 2014 Correspondence: Byungchul Cho (bcho@amc.seoul.kr) Tel: 82-2-3010-4437, Fax: 82-2-3010-6950 cc This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Study of Scatter Influence of kV-Conebeam CT Based Calculation for Pelvic Radiotherapy

Radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and perspectives from our experience

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and is accompanied by a poor prognosis. We had reported that radiation therapy has great potential, in a wide spectrum of primary liver cancers, fromlocal advanced stage of the disease to the more advanced stages, with regional nodal metastases, tumor thrombosis, and for palliation of distant metastases. Following the initial observation that HCC is radiosensitive and with the development of radiation technology, radiotherapy has become a feasible and promising treatment modality for HCC, particularly for advanced forms of the disease. Here, we review the substantial amount of available data on radiotherapy for HCC, report on the current status of this application of radiotherapy, and propose future avenues of research.

Radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and perspectives from our experience

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and is accompanied by a poor prognosis. We had reported that radiation therapy has great potential, in a wide spectrum of primary liver cancers, fromlocal advanced stage of the disease to the more advanced stages, with regional nodal metastases, tumor thrombosis, and for palliation of distant metastases. Following the initial observation that HCC is radiosensitive and with the development of radiation technology, radiotherapy has become a feasible and promising treatment modality for HCC, particularly for advanced forms of the disease. Here, we review the substantial amount of available data on radiotherapy for HCC, report on the current status of this application of radiotherapy, and propose future avenues of research.

Disinfection and reduction of organic load of sewage water by electron beam radiation

The efficacy of electron beam radiation for the disinfection and reduction of organic load of sewage water was assessed with ILU-6 Accelerator at Radiation Technology Development Division of the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai India. The current problem on environmental health in relation to water pollution insists for the safe disposal of sewage water. In general, sewage water comprises heterogeneous organic based chemicals as well as pathogens. EB treatment of the wastewater has found to be very effective in reducing the pathogens as well as organic load. EB dose of 1.5 kGy was sufficient for complete elimination of total coli forms. The experimental results elucidated the reduction of biological oxygen demand—BOD (35 and 51.7%) in both inlet and outlet sewage samples. Similarly reduction of chemical oxygen demand—COD was observed (37.54 and 52.32%) in both sewage samples with respect to increase in irradiation doses (0.45–6 kGy). The present study demonstrated the potential of ionizing radiation for disinfection of sewage and to increase the water quality of the wastewater by decreasing BOD and COD. So, the irradiation sewage water can find its application either in agriculture for irrigation, in industry for cooling purpose and some selected domestic purposes.

Advances in imaging for liver cancer radiation therapy

Primary and metastatic liver cancers are a leading global cause of morbidity in an increasing number of patients. An important role is emerging for local hepatic therapies that can eradicate liver tumors with minimal morbidity, especially in patients not suitable for surgery or established ablative therapies. Radiation technology development has allowed for high doses of radiation to be precisely delivered to liver tumors while preserving liver function and sparing critical organs. Imaging of the liver for precise tumor localization, tumor motion assessment and guidance of radiation treatment is paramount in this process. In this article, an overview is provided describing how advances in liver imaging and their integration with the radiation therapy process have made it possible for high-dose radiation therapy to be delivered safely to liver cancer patients and become a viable treatment option.

Radiation therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: current status and perspectives from our experience

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide and is accompanied by a poor prognosis. We had reported that radiation therapy has great potential, in a wide spectrum of primary liver cancers, from local advanced stage of the disease to the more advanced stages, with regional nodal metastases, tumor thrombosis, and for palliation of distant metastases. Following the initial observation that HCC is radiosensitive and with the development of radiation technology, radiotherapy has become a feasible and promising treatment modality for HCC, particularly for advanced forms of the disease. Here, we review the substantial amount of available data on radiotherapy for HCC, report on the current status of this application of radiotherapy, and propose future avenues of research.

Neutron-Transmutation Doping and Radiation Modification of Semiconductors: Current Status and Outlook

This review focuses on the development of neutron-transmutation doping (NTD) and radiation modification (RM) technologies for semiconductor materials (Si and III–V compounds) in Russia. The advantages of NTD and RM materials over growth-doped semiconductors are demonstrated. The main tasks and outlook for the development of radiation technologies based on research and commercial RBMK-reactors operated in Russia are discussed.

Electron beam crosslinking of insulated wire and cable: Process economics and comparison with other technologies

Electron beam crosslinking of wire and cable insulation has gained a secure place in industries in North America, some Asian countries and, partially, in Europe. This has been achieved as a result of several factors which made possible the development of radiation technology: the significant amount of knowledge accumulated on radiation chemistry and physics of polymers, availability of adequate radiation sources matching industrial requirements in throughput, reliability and economics, and the growing market for crosslinked products. The present contribution compares the electron beam technology with several of the most common chemical crosslinking techniques: peroxide, monosil and sioplas (silane) crosslinking. The comparison is based on actual industrial experience.