Radiation Protective Effect Research Articles

Enhanced physical, optical and radiation shielding properties of tungsten modified potassium boro-tellurite glass systems: Theoretical approach

Boro-tellurite glasses in the (70-x) B2O3–5TeO2–10Bi2O3–10SrCO3–5K2CO3-xWO3 system, with varying WO3 content (x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mol %), were synthesized using the melt quenching technique. The effectiveness of radiation protection was assessed using the Phy-X/PSD tool across a broad energy spectrum ranging from 15 keV to 15 MeV. The results indicated that the mass attenuation coefficient (MAC) values increased proportionally with the concentration of WO₃ in the glass samples. At approximately 0.015 MeV, the MAC reached its maximum for all glass compositions, ranging from 45.822 g cm−2 for BW1 to 51.258 g cm−2 for BW5. However, beyond 15 keV, a notable decrease in MAC values was observed, primarily attributed to the dominance of photoelectric interactions at lower energy levels. Furthermore, the effective atomic number (Zeff) ranged from 64.08 to 65.44, with a peak observed at 15 keV. Beyond this energy, the Zeff values for all the produced glass samples showed a marked decrease as the energy of gamma photons increased, mirroring the trend observed in the MAC values. Conversely, the half-value layer (HVL) and mean free path (MFP) exhibited a consistent reduction. A comparative analysis of the MFP of the glass samples with other shielding materials demonstrated that the BW5 glass exhibited superior performance at 1.50 MeV. These findings highlight the potential of the BW5 glass sample for radiation shielding applications, which has the highest WO₃ content and density, positioning it as a promising material for future radiation protection technologies.

Radiation protection of sodium alginate and its regulatory effect on intestinal microflora in mice

Prolonged or high-dose exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) can cause damage to normal tissues of the body. Therefore, it is imperative to find effective radiation protective agents to mitigate IR-induced damage. This study evaluated the effects of sodium alginate (SA) on the radiation protection and modulatory effects of gut microorganisms using a 60Coγ-induced damage model in mice. Results showed that SA could reduce the damage of hematopoietic system; and alleviate the oxidative damage in irradiated mice by inhibiting the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) in serum, spleen, jejunum and liver. Moreover, SA treatment ameliorated IR-induced small intestine lesions and alleviated liver injury. This was consistent with decreased levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and increased levels of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) after SA treatment. Furthermore, SA treatment reversed IR-induced gut dysbiosis, elevated the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, increased the beneficial bacteria and reduced the pathogenic bacteria in the small intestine. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that SA exerted good radioprotective effect by improving hematopoietic system, alleviating oxidative stress, attenuating liver injury and inflammatory response, and modulating the intestinal microbiota in irradiated mice.

Radioprotective effect of polyvinylpyrrolidone modified selenium nanoparticles and its antioxidation mechanism in vitro and in vivo.

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is a commonly used biomedical polymer material with good water solubility, biocompatibility, low immunogenicity, and low toxicity. The aim of this study is to investigate the antioxidant mechanism and clinical potential of PVP modified selenium nanoparticles (PVP-Se NPs) as a new radioprotective agent. A laser particle size analyzer and transmission electron microscope were used to characterize PVP-Se nanoparticles prepared by chemical reduction. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were used to evaluate the radiation protective effects of PVP-Se NPs. SD rats were employed as an in vivo model to identify the most effective concentration of PVP-Se NPs and assess their potential radioprotective properties. Western blot (WB) was used to detect the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling proteins in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and rat liver and kidney tissues. PVP-Se NPs could reduce the oxidative stress injury and inflammatory response caused by X-ray irradiation in HUVECs and rats, and inhibit cell apoptosis by modulating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. PVP-Se NPs could increase HUVECs viability, reduce apoptosis, inhibit inflammatory factors IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, improve the survival rate of rats, promote antioxidant enzyme activities in cells and rats, reduce malondialdehyde concentration in serum, and reduce the expression of inflammatory factors such as IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in cell supernatant and liver and kidney tissues. PVP-Se NPs could significantly reduce the phosphorylation levels of NF-κB and MAPK pathway-associated proteins in HUVECs and rat liver and kidney tissues (p < 0.05). PVP-Se NPs can protect against radiation-induced oxidative damage by modulating NF-kB and MAPK pathways, providing a theoretical basis and experimental data for their use as an effective radioprotective agent.

Scleroglucan protects the intestine from irradiation-induced injury by targeting the IL-17 signaling pathway

BackgroundIntestinal tissue is extremely sensitive to ionizing radiation (IR), which is easy to cause intestinal radiation sickness, and the mortality rate is very high after exposure. Recent studies have found that intestinal immune cells and intestinal stem cells (ISCs) may play a key role in IR-induced intestinal injury. MethodsC57BL6 mice matched for age, sex and weight were randomly grouped and intraperitoneal injected with PBS, Scleroglucan (125.0 mg/kg) or Anti-mouse IL-17A –InVivo (10 mg/kg), the number of mice in each group was n ≥ 3.Survival time, body weight, pathology, organoids and immune cell markers of the mice after IR (10.0 Gy) were compared, and the mechanism of action in intestinal tissues was verified by transcriptome sequencing. ResultsScleroglucan has significant radiation protective effects on the intestine, including improving the survival rate of irradiated mice, inhibiting the radiation damage of intestinal tissue, and promoting the proliferation and differentiation of intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The results of RNA sequencing suggested that Scleroglucan could significantly activate the immune system and up-regulate the IL-17 and NF-κB signaling pathways. Flow cytometry showed that Scleroglucan could significantly up-regulate the number of Th17 cells and the level of IL-17A in the gut. IL-17A provides radiation protection. After intraperitoneal injection of Scleroglucan and Anti-mouse IL-17A -InVivo, mice can significantly reverse the radiation protection effect of Scleroglucan, down-regulate the molecular markers of intestinal stem cells and the associated markers of DC, Th1 and Th17 cells, and up-regulate the associated markers of Treg and Macrophage cells. ConclusionScleroglucan may promote the proliferation and regeneration of ISCs by regulating the activation of intestinal immune function mediated by IL-17 signaling pathway and play a protective role in IR-induced injury.

Comparison of radiation protection effects between epigallocatechin gallate and ascorbic acid

Ionizing radiation can originate from naturally occurring radiation sources on the earth or it can be from man-made sources. When interacting with cells and living organisms, ionizing radiation produces free radicals, impacting biological molecules such as proteins, lipids, and DNA in the cell nucleus and membrane, leading to cell death or causing cell mutations. Epigallocathecin gallate (EGCG) and ascorbic acid (AA) are well-known natural antioxidants that have been studied and applied as potential radical scavengers. In this study, the radiation protection effects in the presence of EGCG and AA via the scavenging process of free radicals (mainly hydroxyl radicals) were examined. Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells were grown in YDP liquid medium containing yeast extract, peptone, and dextrose/glucose that supplemented with EGCG and AA at different concentrations. Then, the cell cultures were irradiated with both low (gamma) and high (helium ion beam) linear energy transfer (LET) radiations to evaluate the radiation effect on the survival of the yeast cell. Both of EGCG and AA play effectively important roles as radiation-protective agent for yeast cells and the effectiveness in radiation protection of EGCG and AA at the same concentration was almost the same between these two additives.

Sulforaphane attenuates irradiation induced testis injury in mice

ABSTRACT Objectives The testis is vulnerable to ionizing radiation, sexual dysfunction and male infertility are common problems after local radiation or whole-body exposure. Currently, there are no approved drugs for the prevention or treatment of radiation testicular injury. Sulforaphane (SFN) is an indirect antioxidant that induces phase II detoxification enzymes and antioxidant genes. Herein, we investigated the radiation protective effect of SFN on testicular injury in mice and its potential mechanism. Methods In this study, we investigated the protective effect of SFN on radiation-induced testicular injury in mice and its potential mechanism by screen the testicular histoarchitecture, oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and SFN related Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant genes. Results The results show that the harmful effects of ionizing radiation on testes manifest as damage to histoarchitecture, increased oxidative stress and cell apoptosis, thereby impairs male fertility. SFN can resist reproductive toxicity caused by ionizing radiation in vivo by reducing the level of oxidative stress by activating Nrf2 and its downstream antioxidant genes. Besides, SFN also can inhibit the NFκB activity and effectively attenuated the testicular microstructure damaged by ionizing radiation. Conclusions Our study reveals SFN can be considered an outstanding candidate for potential clinical applications in the prevention of irradiation-associated testicular injury.

Radioprotective effect of Ginkgolide B on brain: the mediating role of DCC/MST1 signaling

Purpose The risk of brain exposure to ionizing radiation increases gradually due to the extensive application of nuclear technology in medical, industrial, and aerospace fields. Radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) is highly likely to cause a wide range of neurological complications, including schizophrenia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD), depression. Ginkgolide B (GB) is one of the effective active components extracted from ginkgo biloba leaves, exerts protective effects on CNS, which is involved in the regulation of the Hippo signaling pathway. MST1, as one of the core kinases of the Hippo pathway, participated in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. However, it remains unclear whether GB attenuates radiation brain injury (RBI) and whether the radioprotective effect of GB refers to MST1 signaling. Hence, our study aimed to explore the radiation protection effect and the potential mechanism of GB. Materials and methods C57BL/6 mice were stimulated with an X-ray (20 Gy) to establish an RBI model. Then, morris water maze test (MWM) and step-down passive avoidance test (SDPAT) were used to assess the learning and memory function of mice. The open field test (OFT), tail suspension test (TST), and forced swimming test (FST) were used to assess changes in locomotor activity and hopelessness. Besides, X-ray-stimulated SH-SY5Y cells were used to verify the radioprotective effect of GB. Immunofluorescence double staining, Dihydroethidium (DHE), western blot, and flow cytometry were used to explore the role of DCC/MST1 signaling in RBI. Results In this study, X-ray-treated mice exhibited cognitive impairment and depression-like behavior, which was ameliorated by GB treatment. GB also reduced the ROS production and the number of TUNEL-positive cells in the hippocampus. Moreover, GB increased the protein levels of p-AKT and Bcl2, while decreased the protein levels of MST1, p-p38, p-JNK, cleaved-caspase-3 and Bax both in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, exogenous Netrin-1 alleviated X-ray-induced ROS production and apoptosis, whereas knockout of Netrin-1 receptor DCC abolished the protective effect of GB. Conclusion Oxidative stress and MST1-mediated neuronal apoptosis participated in radiation-induced cognitive impairment and depression-like behaviors, and modulation of DCC by GB was an effective intervention against RBI.

ANALISIS DOSIS PAPARAN RADIASI DARI PESAWAT PANORAMIK DI INSTALASI RADIOLOGI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH RADEN MATTAHER JAMBI

This research aims to analyze the influence of distance and direction on radiation exposure values, assess the doses received by radiation workers and the general public, and evaluate the effectiveness of radiation protection from panoramic aircraft. The research method used is an experimental research method, where the researcher directly measures the variables of the study and conducts data analysis. The study was conducted by measuring radiation doses in various directions at distances ranging from 0.5 meters to 2.5 meters forward and to the right, and 0.5 meters to 1.5 meters to the left. Dose data reception was taken at operator room, service area, corridor, and waiting room points, and radiation protection effectiveness measurements were taken at corridor entrance, waiting room, and operator room points using a survey meter. The research results indicate that the radiation exposure dose is inversely proportional to the measured distance. The dose received by radiographers in the operator room is 0.107 μSv/hour, in the employee corridor, it is 0.0856 μSv/hour, and in the public waiting room, it is 0.0856 μSv/hour. The radiation protection effectiveness value in the operator room is 94.40%, at the patient entrance from the panoramic aircraft waiting room, it is 92.12%, and at the radiographer entrance from the employee corridor, it is 94.62%. According to the Tenth Value Thickness (TVT) concept, this is considered safe because the existing protection capabilities can effectively absorb radiation.

Evaluation of the Performance of Different Types of Radiation Protection Gloves: A Cross-sectional Study.

Radiation exposure of a practitioner's fingers is a problem in interventional radiology, and radiation protection gloves (protective gloves) can help reduce such exposure. Several types of protective gloves are commercially available from various manufacturers. In the present study, we compared the protective effects and usability of four types of protective gloves. To investigate the radiation protection effect, we placed normal surgical gloves and the four types of protective gloves on phantom hands with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD) attached to the fingertips and the dorsum and palms of the hands. Next, they were irradiated with x rays, and the radiation dose was measured and compared using the TLDs. In terms of usability, 42 medical staff members completed a questionnaire that included seven items, such as finger movability, tactile sensation, grip, and overall satisfaction, which were scored on a 5-point scale. Consequently, the protective effects differed between the gloves, and radiation exposure was lower by 30% to 60% with these gloves compared with surgical gloves. In terms of usability, a difference of 2 to 4 points was noted between the gloves for each questionnaire item. These results suggest that radiation protective gloves can protect the surgeon's fingers from radiation exposure without reducing work efficiency by selecting gloves according to the surgical procedure.

Protective effect of total flavonoids of Engelhardia roxburghiana Wall. leaves against radiation-induced intestinal injury in mice and its mechanism.

Irradiation-induced intestinal injury (RIII) often occurs during radiotherapy in patients, which would result in abdominal pain, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and even death. Engelhardia roxburghiana Wall. leaves, a traditional Chinese herb, has unique anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, antioxidant, and analgesic effects, is used to treat damp-heat diarrhea, hernia, and abdominal pain, and has the potential to protect against RIII. To explore the protective effects of the total flavonoids of Engelhardia roxburghiana Wall. leaves (TFERL) on RIII and provide some reference for the application of Engelhardia roxburghiana Wall. leaves in the field of radiation protection. The effect of TFERL on the survival rate of mice was observed after a lethal radiation dose (7.2 Gy) by ionizing radiation (IR). To better observe the protective effects of the TFERL on RIII, a mice model of RIII induced by IR (13 Gy) was established. Small intestinal crypts, villi, intestinal stem cells (ISC) and the proliferation of ISC were observed by haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to detect the expression of genes related to intestinal integrity. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the serum of mice were assessed. In vitro, cell models of RIII induced by IR (2, 4, 6, 8 Gy) were established. Normal human intestinal epithelial cells HIEC-6 cells were treated with TFERL/Vehicle, and the radiation protective effect of TFERL on HIEC-6 cells was detected by clone formation assay. DNA damage was detected by comet assay and immunofluorescence assay. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell cycle and apoptosis rate were detected by flow cytometry. Oxidative stress, apoptosis and ferroptosis-related proteins were detected by western blot. Finally, the colony formation assay was used to detect the effect of TFERL on the radiosensitivity of colorectal cancer cells. TFERL treatment can increase the survival rate and time of the mice after a lethal radiation dose. In the mice model of RIII induced by IR, TFERL alleviated RIII by reducing intestinal crypt/villi structural damage, increasing the number and proliferation of ISC, and maintaining the integrity of the intestinal epithelium after total abdominal irradiation. Moreover, TFERL promoted the proliferation of irradiated HIEC-6 cells, and reduced radiation-induced apoptosis and DNA damage. Mechanism studies have found that TFERL promotes the expression of NRF2 and its downstream antioxidant proteins, and silencing NRF2 resulted in the loss of radioprotection by TFERL, suggesting that TFERL exerts radiation protection by activating the NRF2 pathway. Surprisingly, TFERL reduced the number of clones of colon cancer cells after irradiation, suggesting that TFERL can increase the radiosensitivity of colon cancer cells. Our data showed that TFERL inhibited oxidative stress, reduced DNA damage, reduced apoptosis and ferroptosis, and improved IR-induced RIII. This study may offer a fresh approach to using Chinese herbs for radioprotection.

Comparison of the radiation protection effect of different radiation protection aprons made of different materials

ObjectiveThe objective of this study is to examine the performance of new generation protection aprons as alternative to conventional lead aprons regarding their radiation protection effectiveness. Method and materialsRadiation protection aprons made of lead-containing and lead-free materials from a total of seven companies were compared. Furthermore, different lead equivalent values of 0.25, 0.35 and 0.5 mm were compared. For quantitative assessment, radiation attenuation was determined with increasing voltage in steps of 20 kV from 70 kV up to 130 kV. ResultsNew generation aprons and conventional protection lead aprons showed a similar shielding performance at lower tube voltages below 90 kVp. When tube voltage was increased above 90 kVp, significant (p < 0.05) differences between the three apron types were observed, with conventional lead material as best shielding performer over lead composite and lead-free aprons. ConclusionWe observed a similar radiation protection performance between conventional lead aprons and new generation aprons at low intensity radiation workplaces, with lead aprons being dominant for all energies. Only new generation aprons of 0.5 mm thickness would adequately replace 0.25 and 0.35 mm conventional lead aprons. For healthy radiation protection, the possibility of using weight-reduced X-ray aprons is very limited.

The Effectiveness of Radiation Protection in Medical Field- A Short Review

The growing of X-ray imaging around the world has implication towards radiation protection of medical field. Higher usage in radiation commonly have been seen as a simple workload issue without future challenges. Unfortunately, due to improvement in technology and techniques, it caused the amount of X-ray procedures increase which requiring medical professionals in order to ensure patient who exposed to radiation has maintain their close physical contact. As many processes are complex, risk of severe occupational exposure become higher, thus necessary steps should be considered. It is important to ensure the lower effects of exposure are achievable. If the dosage limit for the lens of the eye is lowered in the near future, additional attention to eye protection may be required. There are many essential elements needed in ensuring medical field especially for X-ray imaging to be more proper and reasonably secured for example education and training in radiation protection.

Effects of Chinese herbal diet on hematopoiesis, immunity, and intestines of mice exposed to different doses of radiation

Radiotherapy causes a series of side effects in patients with malignant tumors. Polygonati Rhizoma, Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix, and Epimedii Folium are all traditional Chinese herbs with varieties of functions such as anti-radiation and immune regulation. In this study, the above three herbs were used as a herbal diet to study their effects on the hematopoietic, immune, and intestinal systems of mice exposed to three doses of radiation. Our study showed that the diet had no radiation-protective effect on the hematopoietic and immune systems. However, at the radiation dose of 4 Gy and 8 Gy, the diet showed an obvious radiation-protective effect on intestinal crypts. At the dose of 8 Gy, we also found that the Chinese herbal diet had an anti-radiation effect on reducing the loss of the inhibitory nNOS+ neurons in the intestine. That provides a new diet for relieving the symptoms of hyperperistalsis and diarrhea in patients after radiotherapy.

An improved TOPSIS-ANP composite shielding material performance evaluation method based on gray relational projection algorithm

The performance of shielding materials directly affects the radiation protection effect and plays a very important role in the process of ensuring the safety of nuclear energy. Therefore, this paper introduces the performance evaluation of composite shielding materials, which firstly points out the disadvantages of the traditional TOPSIS method, proposes a weighted projection model of composite shielding materials under extended TOPSIS theory, and clarifies the principle of projection dimensional reduction and algorithm implementation. Secondly, this paper also introduces the basic assumption of non-linear mapping relationship between index dimensions, and scientifically determines the weight of index system based on ANP structural model, so as to form an improved TOPSIS-ANP composite shielding material performance evaluation method based on gray relational projection algorithm with coupling characteristics. The empirical results show that the improved TOPSIS-ANP composite shielding material evaluation method proposed in this paper is consistent with the conclusion of the ratio of lead-boron-polyethylene shielding materials optimized based on genetic algorithm, which proves the effectiveness of the evaluation method proposed in this paper. Meanwhile, the evaluation index system of this method is more comprehensive, and the evaluation method is more efficient and scientific as well, which has a good promotion prospects and application advantages.

Evaluation of silicone rubber shielding material composites enriched with BaSO4 and Bi2O3 particles for radiation shielding properties

ABSTRACT In radiology, radiation shielding is important for protection especially with diagnostic radiation, such as diagnostic X-ray, because radiation exposure can damage cellular DNA. Currently, lead is the most common radiation shielding but it poses environmental hazards due to its toxicity. This research aims to study a non-lead radiation shielding and to evaluate its effectiveness of radiation protection. We studied radiation absorption properties from primary and secondary radiations from shielding composed of silicone rubber and BaSO4 and Bi2O3 in different proportions. The results showed that the shielding material at 70% BaSO4 and Bi2O3 has the ability to reduce radiation doses from 120 kVp X-rays and has absorption properties of 90.19, 94.87% in primary and 92.72, 97.48% in secondary radiation. In addition, the silicone rubber shielding materials mixed with BaSO4 and Bi2O3 are environment-friendly, flexible and have great shielding performance in reducing diagnostic X-ray exposure.

Ultraviolet Radiation Protective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Kaempferia galanga L. Rhizome Oil and Microemulsion: Formulation, Characterization, and Hydrogel Preparation.

Long-term UV radiation exposure can induce skin disorders such as cancer and photoallergic reactions. Natural products have been considered as non-irritate and potential sunscreen resources due to their UV absorption and anti-inflammatory activities. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro ultraviolet radiation protective effect and anti-inflammatory activity of K. galanga rhizome oil and microemulsions. The chemical components of K. galanga rhizome oil was analyzed via gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Microemulsions containing K. galanga rhizome oil were formulated using a phase-titration method. The microemulsion was characterized for droplet size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential, using a dynamic light-scattering technique. The physical and chemical stability of the microemulsion were evaluated via a dynamic light scattering technique and UV-Vis spectrophotometry, respectively. The UV protection of K. galanga rhizome oil and its microemulsion were investigated using an ultraviolet transmittance analyzer. The protective effect of K. galanga rhizome oil against LPS-induced inflammation was investigated via MTT and nitric oxide inhibitory assays. In addition, a hydrogel containing K. galanga rhizome oil microemulsion was developed, stored for 90 days at 4, 30, and 45 °C, and characterized for viscosity, rheology, and pH. The chemical degradation of the main active compound in the microemulsion was analyzed via UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The formulated O/W microemulsion contained a high loading efficiency (101.24 ± 2.08%) of K. galanga rhizome oil, suggesting a successful delivery system of the oil. The size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential values of the microemulsion were optimized and found to be stable when stored at 4, 30, and 45 °C. K. galanga rhizome oil and microemulsion demonstrated moderate sun protective activity and reduced the nitric oxide production induced by LPS in macrophage cells, indicating that microemulsion containing K. galanga rhizome oil may help protect human skin from UV damage and inflammation. A hydrogel containing K. galanga rhizome oil microemulsion was developed as a topical preparation. The hydrogel showed good physical stability after heating and cooling cycles and long-term storage (3 months) at 4 °C. The use of K. galanga rhizome oil as a natural sun-protective substance may provide a protective effect against inflammation on the skin. K. galanga rhizome oil microemulsion was successfully incorporated into the hydrogel and has the potential to be used as a topical sunscreen preparation.

Study of Effects of Atmospheric Humidity on Neutron Transportation and its Dose Field

Accurate calculation of neutron dose in the nuclear radiation field is of great significance to radiation detection, radiation protection, and radiation effect research. The distribution of neutron dose field can be affected by neutron spectrum, air density, and atmospheric humidity. In order to quantitatively investigate the influence of atmospheric humidity on the physical process of neutron transport and the distribution of neutron dose field, the Monte Carlo (MC) simulation model of neutron transport under different humidity conditions is presented in this article, and the parameters of neutron dose at different transport distances under typical humidity conditions for a scenario of an explosion of a nuclear device (ordinary hydrogen bomb) are calculated and analyzed. The quantitative relationship between the neutron dose and atmospheric water content under different mass distances is obtained. Based on this relationship, a fast-parameterized calculation method of neutron dose under different humidity conditions is presented. The relative deviation between the results of fast algorithm and MC simulation is within 8%. The results show that the neutron dose decreases with the increase of atmospheric water content at the same mass distance, and the change of atmospheric humidity can lead to a change of neutron dose up to about 10%–30%. For other types of nuclear devices, in which the source neutrons produced by them are different from that by hydrogen bombs, the influence of atmospheric humidity on the neutron dose field can also be studied by using the method presented here.

The practice of radiation protection in an interventional neuroradiology service.

Interventional neuroradiology procedures subject professionals who work in this area to high doses of ionizing radiation, and such exposure leads to a higher chance of occupational diseases related to this physical risk. Radiation protection practices aim to reduce the occurrence of such damage to the health of these workers. To identify how the practice of radiation protection occurs in a multidisciplinary team of an interventional neuroradiology service in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. A qualitative, exploratory, and descriptive research conducted with nine health professionals from the multidisciplinary team. Non-participant observation and a survey form were used as data collection techniques. For data analysis, descriptive analysis based on absolute and relative frequency and content analysis were used. Although some practices showed the use of radiation protection measures in practice, such as workers taking turns to perform procedures and continuous use of the lead apron as well as the mobile suspended protection, we found that most of the practices violate the principles of radiation protection. Among these inadequate radiological protection practices, the following aspects were observed: not wearing lead goggles, not using collimation to obtain the image, poor knowledge of the principles of radiation protection and biological effects of ionizing radiation, and non-use of an individual dosimeter. There was a lack of know-how of the multidisciplinary team working in interventional neuroradiology regarding the practice of radiation protection.

Radiation Protection Effect of Polydatin on Radon Exposure Injury of Epithelial Cells and Miceradiation Protection Effect of Polydatin on Radon Exposure Injury of Epithelial Cells and Mice

Radiation Protection Effect of Polydatin on Radon Exposure Injury of Epithelial Cells and Miceradiation Protection Effect of Polydatin on Radon Exposure Injury of Epithelial Cells and Mice

Lanzhou Lily polysaccharide fragment protects human umbilical vein endothelial cells from radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks.

Radiotherapy is widely used in the treatment of tumors. However, while killing tumor cells, radiation may also cause damage to the surrounding normal tissues. Therefore, it is very important to find safe and effective radiation protection agents. To investgate the radiation protection effect of Lanzhou Lily polysaccharide fragments (LLP). Methods: The crude polysaccharides of Lanzhou Lily were extracted from the dried bulb powder of Lilium lilium by ultrasonic-assisted hot water method, and then five different fragments were separated from the polysaccharides by DEAE-52-cellulose column. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay, neutral comet and immunofluorescent staining were used to investigate the effect of LPe fragment on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) survival and the possible radioprotective mechanism. The LPe fragment (composing of mannose and glucose, with a ratio of 5.5:2.9, and the average molecular weight is 8629.8 Da), significantly promoted the proliferation of HUVECs and protected cells from X-ray-induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) in DNA, in which pretreatment with the LPe fragment at 100 μg/mL showed the most pronounced protection. In addition, the occurrence of X-ray-induced γH2AX foci was significantly reduced by treatment with the LPe fragment at 50, 100, and 200 μg/mL. Furthermore, caffeine or wortmannin in combination with the LPe fragment at 25 μg/mL significantly reduced the number of X-ray-induced γH2AX foci, indicating phosphoinositide-3 kinases (PI3K) is involved in H2AX phosphorylation in HUVECs. These results indicate the LPe fragment has a protective effect against radiation-induced DSBs and may be used as a natural antioxidant agent.