Functional textiles have been one of the most studied topics in recent decades. Due to toxicity concerns, the treatment of fabrics for non-wettable properties with fluorinated molecules is nowadays limited to short fluoroalkyl chains. In this work, several fluorinated (meth)acrylic monomers such as 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropyl methacrylate, 2-(perfluorobutyl)ethyl methacrylate, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl methacrylate, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorooctyl acrylate and 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyl methacrylate (denoted as M2, M4, M6, AC6 and M8, respectively) were grafted onto flax fabrics to improve their hydrophobic and oleophobic properties by radiografting using a pre-irradiation procedure. The effects of the length of the fluoroalkyl group of the monomer, the irradiation dose and the reaction time on the grafting rate were studied. The functionalization of flax fabrics by these five monomers was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy analysis. The morphology of the fibers before and after treatment was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The location of fluorine element in the flax elementary fibers was assessed by SEM-EDX. The hydro- and oleophobic properties were determined by contact angle measurement using water and diiodomethane as solvents, respectively. The sliding angle was also measured to assess the water repellency of hydrophobic fabrics. Significant fluorine contents were obtained for flax fibers irradiated and treated with 10 wt% solutions of monomer. Hydro- and oleophobic fabrics were obtained for flax irradiated even at a low dose of 5 kGy and treated with M4, with water and diiodomethane contact angles (CAs) of about 139° and 120°, respectively. Superhydrophobic fabrics (CA = 150°) were also achieved for samples irradiated at 20, 50 and 100 kGy and treated with 10 wt% of M8. For this monomer, SEM analysis showed the formation of spherical microparticles of fluoropolymer covering the surface of elementary fibers. The formation of these particles is assumed to result from a dispersion polymerization mechanism. This is due to the fewer affinity of M8 with methanol and to the incompatibility of the formed polymer chains with this solvent used for the grafting reaction.
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