Radiation Effects In Solids Research Articles

Studies for a 70 inch versatile cyclotron

Design studies are well advanced for a 70″ cyclotron capable of accelerating protons of energy up to 50 MeV, and heavier ions to energies which depend on their charge to mass ratio. The cyclotron, if approved, will be built by the staff of the Rutherford Laboratory at Harwell for use at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment mainly for studies in radio-chemistry, radiation chemistry, and radiation effects in solids. In basic concept the machine resembles the Oak Ridge ORIC and the Berkeley 88″ machines. There are three ridges, providing a field which makes an angle of 48° to the circumference at the maximum orbit radius. The field shape under different working conditions will be controlled by a combination of correcting windings and voids. A tape controlled precision table of 24″ × 30″ traverse will be used with a pantograph to move the measuring head in field surveys. A 3:1 frequency range for the dee voltage will be provided by an amplifier feeding a line with a variable shorting mechanism. Extraction presents a difficult problem, not yet solved. A septum at positive potential, (with leading edge shielded by a cooled earth plate) is contemplated; on the inner side, plates will shape the field to provide a regenerator. Consideration is being given to the injection of heavy ions through a hole along the pole axis.

Ultrasonic Methods and Radiation Effects in Solids

The various mechanisms producing damping of ultrasonic elastic waves in solids are reviewed in this paper. Particular attention is given to the changes in attenuation produced by pinning of dislocation lines. Measurements of ultrasonic attenuation in irradiated single crystals of NaCl are presented and discussed, on the assumption that the dislocation density remains constant while the radiation displaced defects pin the dislocations. The effects on the velocity of propagation are discussed on the basis of the same model.

Ultrasonic Methods in the Study of Radiation Effects in Solids

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Radiation Effects in Solids

The theory of radiation effects in solids is summarized, and the various phenomena are illustrated with examples. The effects produced by radiation are electronic excitation, elastic collisions, displacements, inelastic collisions, and transmutations. The eIfects on alkali halides, alpha brass, semiconductors, graphite, and uranium are specifically discussed. (J.S.R.)

Radiation effects in solids

The theory of radiation effects in solids is summarized, and the various phenomena are illustrated with examples. The effects produced by radiation are electronic excitation, elastic collisions, displacements, inelastic collisions, and transmutations. The eIfects on alkali halides, alpha brass, semiconductors, graphite, and uranium are specifically discussed. (J.S.R.)

Interscience Monographs in Physics and Astronomy. Edited by R. E. Marshak, University of Rochester. Volume II. Radiation Effects in Solids.

Interscience Monographs in Physics and Astronomy. Edited by R. E. Marshak, University of Rochester. Volume II. Radiation Effects in Solids.

Nuclear Radiation Effects in Solids

Nuclear Radiation Effects in Solids

Microwave Investigations of Radiation Effects in Solids: Methyl and Ethyl Compounds of Sn, Zn and Hg1

Microwave Investigations of Radiation Effects in Solids: Methyl and Ethyl Compounds of Sn, Zn and Hg¹

Radiation Effects in Solids

Radiation Effects in Solids

Effects of Nuclear Radiations on the Mechanical Properties of Solids

The general nature of radiation effects in solids is reviewed briefly. Current theoretical understanding of the mechanical properties of solids is critically evaluated. The effect of nuclear radiation on the mechanical properties is discussed in detail. It is shown that the changes in the mechanical properties of crystalline substances (mostly metals) can be quite satisfactorily interpreted on the basis of the production of interstitial atoms and vacant lattice sites by fast particle irradiation. Isolated vacancies and interstitials may not be able to account for all the observations, and attention is called to the possible need of postulating the existence of aggregates of these lattice defects. In molecular solids (mostly high polymers) nuclear radiations bring about changes in the substance which are best described as chemical ones. Ions and free radicals are formed leading to subsequent chemical reactions thereby altering the properties of the substance. Drastic changes in the mechanical properties of high polymers are observed. Correlation with structural changes has hardly been started. Experiments are suggested which, in the writer's opinion, should give further insight into the fundamental processes involved.

Radiation effects in solids

As far as I am aware, this is the first invited session of the American Physical Society devoted to the topic of radiation effects in solids—a field that has been an active one for nearly a decade. I believe it is safe to say that it will not be the last such session. The long delay in this event arises, of course, from the fact that the field received its greatest stimulus from the wartime research in the field of atomic energy so that many aspects of it were classified at the start and will remain classified indefinitely in the future.