Radial View Research Articles

Correlation between the tissue Doppler, strain rate, strain imaging during the dobutamine infusion and coronary fractional flow reserve during catheterization: a comparative study

Coronary fractional flow reserve (FFR) as an invasive, and dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) as a noninvasive technique were used to detect critical coronary stenosis. This study was undertaken to assess correlation between these two techniques by using tissue Doppler, strain rate (SR), and strain imaging (S). Methods In 17 patients (aged 54.9±12.6, 4 F), a total of 22 vessels were studied. On dobutamine stress echocardiography, baseline and peak systolic (Sm), early (Em) and late (Am) diastolic myocardial velocities, SR and S were recorded from parasternal view (mid-posterior segment) for radial and apical view (mid-septum) for longitudinal deformation. Then coronary FFR was performed by using intracoronary adenosine infusion, and the value of ≤0.75 was accepted as critical coronary stenosis. Results FFR was found to be significant in 10 vessels (FFR critical). Baseline Sm, Em/Am, SR, S values, and peak Em/Am, SR, S values were similar between critical or noncritical FFR groups. Baseline Sm and Em, and change between baseline and peak Sm and S were significantly higher in noncritical FFR group ( p<0.01, <0.05, <0.001, <0.001, respectively). In all vessels, FFR after adenosine infusion showed a poor correlation with WMSI, Em, Am, Em/Am values, and the change in SR values ( r=−0.22, 0.16, −0.14, 0.21, 18, respectively) showed a good correlation with the change in S ( r=0.51; p=0.014), and a very good correlation with the change in Sm values ( r=0.77; p<0.001) during DSE. When FFR values at left coronary system were analyzed for longitudinal SR and S values, it had a mild correlation with SR ( r=0.47, p=0.044) and a good correlation with S ( r=0.66, p=0.002). Conclusion The quantification of regional myocardial deformation by using DSE rather than the motion would be more appropriate in detecting the ischemic dysfunctional segment supplied by the critical coronary stenosis. Strain measurement during the dobutamine infusion may provide an information on the FFR results of the culprit vessel.

Comparison of decomposition procedures for analysis of titanium dioxide using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

The determination of impurities in titanium dioxide pigments, such as Al, Cd, Cr, Fe, Mn, P, Zn and Zr, is relevant because trace elements affect pigment properties. The critical step in the analysis of this pigment is the conversion of the solid sample to a representative solution. This study compared four acid decomposition procedures for TiO 2 for the determination of Al, P and trace impurities using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. The decomposition procedures investigated involved acid digestion with: (i) (NH 4) 2SO 4/H 2SO 4; (ii) HF/H 2SO 4; (iii) H 3PO 4; and (iv) HCl/HNO 3/HF. This latter mixture was tested in a microwave-assisted procedure with closed vessels. Comparing the procedures using conventional conductive heating, the procedure using (NH 4) 2SO 4/H 2SO 4 was the most suitable for complete decomposition of TiO 2 samples, requiring approximately 30 min. Applying a paired t-test, it was shown that all strategies led to results in agreement at a 95% confidence level with those obtained using X-ray fluorescence. The accuracy for Cr, Fe, P and Zr was also checked using a certified reference material, and again all results were in agreement at a 95% confidence level. The performance of two ICP-OESs, one based on a mini-torch using a radial view configuration, and the other based on an axial view configuration, were compared. Both plasmas are intensely affected by matrix constituents. The mini-torch plasma is less able to cope with high amounts of solids; however this parameter also negatively affects the background level when using axial-viewed ICP-OES.

Determination of residual carbon by inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry with axial and radial view configurations

In this work it was evaluated the performance of inductively-coupled plasma optical emission spectrometers (ICP-OESs) with axial and radial view configurations for residual carbon content (RCC) determination. The effects of carbon compound source (urea, l-cysteine, and glucose), sample medium, and internal standards on RCC determination were systematically evaluated. All measurements were carried out with two ICP spectrometers using the carbon atomic emission lines: 247.857 and 193.025 nm. The results obtained using axial and radial configurations showed that both the carbon source and the sample medium did not affect significantly the emission intensities. The sample medium only caused drastic influence when H 2SO 4 was employed probably due to transport interference that can be corrected employing Y as internal standard. The sensitivity attained using axial view ICP-OES was 20-fold better than that reached using radial view ICP-OES based on the slopes of the analytical curves at the most sensitive wavelength (193.025 nm). Using radial and axial ICP-OESs, high concentrations of Fe (>100 mg l −1) interfered at 247.857 nm wavelength. An addition-recovery experiment was made by adding urea to an acid-digested sample and all recoveries were in the 100±5% range for axial and radial measurements. At this wavelength, R.S.D. <2.0% ( n=10) and detection limits of 33 and 34 μg ml −1 C, were measured for ICP-OESs with radial and axial configurations, respectively. Biological samples were acid-digested using a closed-vessel microwave-assisted procedure and RCC was determined using both ICP-OES configurations.

Finite Element Thermal Modeling of an Induction Motor

In the present paper, the authors implement a steady state finite element analysis of the heat field inside an induction motor. The tested machine is a standard squirrel cage asynchronous motor of Totally Enclosed Fan Cooled "TEFC" design. The thermal calculation is done in a 2D radial view that represents an angular space of 12.857 ° (rotor tooth pitch) of the considered machine. To validate the proposed thermal model, the temperature measurements at different points within the motor were obtained using 16 sensors (CTN thermistors) placed inside the test motor. The simulated temperatures so obtained are in good agreement with the measured ones, and the 2D study seems to be appropriate to characterize the heating of the active parts of the machine.

Design of a third-harmonic electron cyclotron emission diagnostic for ballooning mode fluctuations in PBX-M

A third-harmonic electron cyclotron emission diagnostic using ultrawide bandwidth (≊40 GHz) heterodyne receivers centered on 120 GHz with 14 channels per radial view is described for localized, long wavelength (5≲λ≲50 cm), fast time response (≊1 μs) fluctuation studies in the PBX-M tokamak. The optically gray emission signal will have a γñe/ne+(3/β)T̃e/Te dependence on temperature and density fluctuations where γ≤1 and 1≤β≤3 depending on local optical depth. Electron temperature fluctuation sensitivity is estimated to be 0.2%≤T̃e/Te ≤2.9% depending on local optical depth and fluctuation frequency in the 0.1–1 MHz range. Spatial resolution of approximately 3 cm radially and 5 cm vertically are estimated for 2 keV plasmas with low suprathermal electron emission.

Two-color interferometry for fusion plasma diagnostics

Radial view interferometers on large fusion devices have experienced difficulty in compensating for large vibration-induced phase shifts. This compensation has previously been achieved using common path visible or near infrared interferometers. However, the high rate of phase change observed by the compensation interferometer combined with deterioration of reflecting surfaces located close to the harsh plasma environment limit the resolution and usefulness of such systems. This article describes laboratory tests of a vibration-compensating interferometer that operates at two wavelengths of the CO2 laser: 9.2 and 10.6 μm. It is particularly well suited for application to CIT or other devices with either high density or large plasma dimensions.

Comparación de la ultraestructura de la cáscara del huevo de la tortuga Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima con la de los huevos de otros reptiles

The eggshell of the red turtle, Rhinoclemmys pulcherrima is composed of an external cuticle, amiddle calcareous layer and the internal membrane. The cuticle is not sculptured as in those of the kinosternidae. The radial view is similar in eggs of Geochelone elephantopus. The cuticle of R pulcherrima shows superficial fractures or crevices whose complementary edges are similar to a jigsaw puzzle. The calcareous layer is formed by structural units composed by groups of needle-like aragonite crystals. In the crocodilian egg, the shell shows calcite deposited in lates instead of aragonite. The calcareous units are interlocked, a situation that is not present in the shell of marine turtle eggs (Lepidochelys olivacea and Chelonia mydas). The inner extremes of the calcareous units are !U rrounded by a palisade of needle-like aragonite erysta!s. This type of stru erure is not o bserved in other reptilian eggshells.

Assessment of the radial head-capitellum view and the dorsal fat-pad sign in acute elbow trauma: Hall-Craggs MA, Shorvon PJ, Chapman M AJR 145:607–609 Sep 1985

Assessment of the radial head-capitellum view and the dorsal fat-pad sign in acute elbow trauma: Hall-Craggs MA, Shorvon PJ, Chapman M AJR 145:607–609 Sep 1985

Critical evaluation of the radial head-capitellum view in elbow trauma.

The radial head-capitellum view, a radiographic projection of the elbow to show the lateral components, has been advocated for routine use in the investigation of acute elbow trauma. Retrospective and prospective studies in an Accident and Emergency Department were conducted to determine objective benefits in primary diagnostic rate and treatment. None were found, and thus it is suggested the view be for specialized use only when indicated.

Assessment of the radial head-capitellum view and the dorsal fat-pad sign in acute elbow trauma.

The radial head-capitellum (RHC) view was assessed in a prospective study of 130 patients with acute elbow trauma in whom 35 fractures were identified. The RHC view demonstrated only 16 of the 32 fractures available for review, including one fracture that was not seen on routine projections. Fat pads were displaced in all 31 patients with fractures; fat-pad displacement was demonstrated on the true lateral view in 29 and on the conventional radial-head view in two patients. Routine use of the RHC projection is not justified in all cases of elbow trauma. It may be added in cases in which no fracture has been identified but clinical suspicion remains high or displaced fat pads are seen on the routine projections.

Morphological and functional identifications of catfish retinal neurons. II. Morphological identification.

In this study the morphological origins of the responses from the catfish retinal neurons evoked by step inputs were determined by injecting intracellularly a dye, Procion yellow. A method was devised to view the dye-injected neurons in flat mount to study their dendritic expansion; later the same neurons could be sectioned radially to locate the levels of their somata or dendritic expansion. The results of this study show the inherent danger of identifying dye-injected neurons only in a radial or tangential view. Bipolar cells could be identified functionally without any ambiguity by changing widely the stimulus parameters, because the stimulation of their receptive-field center and surround gave rise to responses of opposing polarity. We found no exception to this rule. The neurons in the proximal layers produced a large variety of responses which could not be segregated into two such classes as the amacrine and ganglion cells. In this part II they were classified into three broad categories: neurons giving rise to sustained, transient, and spiking responses. The demarcation among the three types, morphologywise and functionwise, was vague and not well established. The sustained responses were recoreded from the starburst and spaghetti neurons (part I (9)) which correspond to Ramón y Cajal's (2) amacrine cells. The transient responses, whose patterns were largely invariant of the changes in the stimulus parameters, were recorded from a class of neurons with spindle-shaped somata in the INL. We do not know whether they had axons or not, but we will not be surprised if a future study defines them as a class of ganglion cells. Responses with or without spike discharges were recorded from a class of neurons which were identified as ganglion cells. Observations made on a large number of Procion-injected neurons in both flat-mount preparations and radial sections show that finer dendritic arborizations were not seen in the dye-injected neurons although the presence of such branches was proved in the Golgi preparations. Probably this was due to the weak contrast of the Procion-injected cell against the tissue background, rather than the failure of the dye to diffuse into finer branches. We recognize the severe difficulty involved in the traditional approach of identifying a class of neurons based on typical but subjectively selected functional and structural samples. Neurons have to be classified statistically according to their (quantitative) parameters. (cont'd)