Radial Angle Research Articles

Development of applicator to deliver hydrogel precursor powder for esophageal stricture prevention after endoscopic submucosal dissection

Esophageal stricture can be an adverse event following endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). Although particle-shaped materials could prevent post-ESD esophageal strictures, no applicator can efficiently deliver them to the ESD wound site. In this study, we developed an applicator to endoscopically deliver powders by combining polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubes and five types of catheter-tip nozzles with different structures fabricated using a 3D printer. The applicator with a T3S4 nozzle, with three and four holes on the tip and side, respectively, achieved lateral powder delivery from the endoscope catheter tip. The adhesion percentage to the ESD wound site, estimated using the esophagus mimicking model setup with tubes and wetted laboratory wipes, increased from 25 % (without the nozzle) to 55 % (with the T3S4 nozzle). In the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation without a nozzle, the powder particles went straight, and hardly adhered to the ESD wound site. By contrast, the CFD simulation with the optimized T3S4 nozzle predicted that the adhesion percentage would increase by up to 55 %. Optimization of the axial position of the catheter affected the powder delivery efficiency, while optimizing the radial position and angle affected the homogeneity of powder delivery. An in vivo porcine ESD model using the developed applicator confirmed efficient and homogeneous powder delivery to the ESD wound site. These results suggest that the powder applicator development and CFD simulations are effective in treatments using endoscopic powder delivery.

Connecting the Low to High Corona: Propagating Disturbances as Tracers of the Near-Sun Solar Wind

We revisit a quiet 14 day period of solar minimum during 2008 January and track substreamer propagating disturbances (PDs) from low heights in STEREO/EUVI to the extended corona through STEREO/COR1 and into STEREO/COR2 along nonradial paths that trace the structure of the underlying streamers. Using our recently developed method for generating nonradial height–time profiles of outward PDs (OPDs) and inward PDs (IPDs), we obtained their velocities along the radial and position angle directions. Our analysis of 417 unique OPDs revealed two classes: slow and fast OPDs. Slow OPDs form preferentially at ≈1.6 R ⊙ closer to the streamer boundaries, with asymmetric occurrence rates, and show speeds of 16.4−8.4+26.6kms−1 at 1.5 R ⊙ and accelerate up to 200.1−57.9+71.1kms−1 at 7.5 R ⊙. Fast OPDs form preferentially at ≈1.6 R ⊙ and at ≈3.0 R ⊙ both at the streamer boundaries and slightly more often within them. They show speeds of 87.8−24.8+59.1kms−1 at 1.5 R ⊙ up to 197.8−46.7+61.8kms−1 at 7.5 R ⊙. IPDs are observed forming at ≈1.8 R ⊙ with speeds of tens of kilometers per second, mostly concentrated in the aftermath of a coronal mass ejection eruption. We present an example in which we show that periodic brightness variations related to OPDs remained in the range of 98 to 128 minutes, down to ≈2.0 R ⊙, well within the field of view of COR1. The velocity profiles of slow OPDs for a heliocentric height below 3.0 R ⊙ show good agreement with speeds more closely related to the bulk solar wind obtained via interplanetary scintillation.

Outcome of Trapeziectomy and Ligament Reconstruction and Tendon Interposition for Patients Aged Less Than 56 Years: A Retrospective Study With a Minimum 5-Year Follow-Up

The purpose of this study was to determine the long-term consequences of trapeziectomy and ligament reconstruction and tendon interposition (LRTI) for trapeziometacarpal osteoarthritis in patients aged less than 56 years. A retrospective study was performed to investigate the outcome of trapeziectomy and LRTI with a follow-up period of greater than 5 years in patients aged less than 56 years at the time of surgery. Patients completed the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH), the Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE), and a 10-point visual analog score for pain (VAS). Objective assessments included thumb opposition, palmar and radial abduction angles, and grip, lateral key, and thumb tip pinch strengths. Radiographic assessments of the thumb carpometacarpal joint were performed in three planes, and the trapezial space and trapezial space to metacarpal height ratios were calculated. Between January 2005 and December 2017, 105 patients were treated. Forty-eight patients with 58 thumbs returned for review. The mean patient age at the time of surgery was 52.5 years, and 96% of the patients were women. The mean follow-up period from surgery was 11 years. The mean VAS score was 1. A significant association was found between younger age at the time of surgery and increased proximal migration of the metacarpal, between high VAS pain scores and high PRWE and DASH scores, weak grip, lateral key pinch and thumb tip pinch strength, and Kapandji score, and between the follow-up period and increasing VAS pain, PRWE, and DASH scores. Trapeziectomy and LRTI are effective procedures for patients aged less than 56 years. The benefits of surgery should be balanced against the deterioration in the outcome measures of DASH and PRWE and increasing VAS scores with increasing intervals from surgery. Therapeutic IV.

MOLECULAR DYNAMICS SIMULATION OF STRUCTURAL PROPERTIES OF Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-SiO<sub>2</sub>-CaO OXIDE DURING THE COOLING PROCESS

The change of structural properties of Al2O3-SiO2-CaO oxide during the cooling process was studied using the molecular dynamic simulation. The microstructures of the sample were investigated through the radial distribution function (RDF), coordination number (CN), and bond angle (BA) distribution. The results show a structural change from the liquid state to the amorphous state when the sample is cooled from 4000 K to 300 K. The glass transition occurs at Tg = 1585 K. The fraction of AlO4, CaO6, and SiO4 units increases with decreasing temperature and dominates at 300 K.

Effectiveness of Delayed Surgical Treatment for Distal Radius Fractures With Loss of Reduction

This study investigated the effectiveness of volar plate surgery in patients with distal radius fractures (DRFs) initially treated nonsurgically but later experiencing reduction loss during follow-ups. Specifically, it assessed the impact of early surgery (E) (<3 weeks) versus delayed surgery (D) (3-6 weeks) on wrist function in surgically treated DRFs. This retrospective study included 131 patients who underwent surgery after loss of reduction. Among them, 42 patients had delayed surgery, whereas 89 received early surgical treatment. The mean follow-up duration was 18 months. The primary outcome measure was Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores. Secondary outcomes included Short Form-12 physical component summary and mental component summary scores, postoperative range of motion, and radiological measurements such as radial length, radial inclination angle, and volar tilt angle. Fracture types were categorized using Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Osteosynthesefragen/Orthopaedic Trauma Association classification based on radiological images. All 131 DRFs achieved radiological union. Mean Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand scores were 8.0 (range, 0-78) and 10.8 (range, 0-73) for groups E and D, respectively, and the difference was not considered clinically relevant. Short Form-12 physical component summary scores (49.4 for E; 45.3 for D) and Short Form-12 mental component summary scores (52.3 for E; 53.5 for D) were similar in the two groups. Radiological measurements and range of motion were similar in the two groups. Complications, including carpal tunnel syndrome, superficial radial nerve neuropraxia, and complex regional pain syndrome, occurred in 12 (13.5%) E group patients and 9 (21.4%) D group patients. Clinical and radiological results of early and delayed surgery after loss of reduction in secondary displaced DRF were similar. However, complication rates were higher in delayed surgery. Prognostic IV.

Implementation of a real-time MSE system.

Motional Stark effect polarimetry is a key diagnostic for plasma fusion research since its usage on PBX-M. The MSE diagnostic measures the radial magnetic pitch angle profile in a plasma from a neutral beam by observation of Stark split D-alpha emission from atoms excited by collision with ions and electrons in the plasma. The pitch angle measurement is used with equilibrium reconstruction codes to determine the q-profile for studies of plasma stability, confinement, and transport. Historically, the algorithm was used in a post-processing fashion. The goal of our work was to apply this method in real time and pass the results to the plasma control system computer for real-time equilibrium reconstruction and control.

Association of dorsal malunion in distal radius fractures with wrist osteoarthritis: Alterations of bone density and stress-distribution patterns in relation to deformation angles

Distal radius fractures (DRFs) with dorsal malunion increase the risk of osteoarthritis (OA), although the cause of post-DRF OA is yet to be elucidated. To clarify the abnormal effects of a post-DRF dorsal radius deformity, we evaluated the bone density (BD) and stress-distribution patterns of the articular surface in dorsally malunited DRFs. In 36 cases of dorsally malunited DRFs following extra-articular fractures, we generated three-dimensional computerized models of the malunited distal radius from computed tomography data and extracted the subchondral bones of the radiocarpal joint (RCJ) and distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). Both BD and stress distribution in the subchondral bones were quantitatively evaluated by comparing the affected and normal sides. Correlations of alterations in high-BD distribution and deformation angles were analyzed. The center of high-BD distribution from the center of the RCJ in the volar(-)-dorsal(+) direction was dorsal (0.56±0.72mm) on the affected side compared with the normal side (-0.15±0.63mm) [95% CI: 0.43, 1.00, P<0.0001]. The maximum stress distribution was also dorsal on the affected side (2.34±3.52mm) compared with the normal side (-2.49±1.62mm) [95% CI: 0.89, 1.79, P<0.0001]. The alterations in BD and stress distribution correlated with the dorsiflexion and radial deviation angles. In the DRUJ, there was no significant difference in BD between the affected and normal sides. In dorsally malunited DRFs, the alignment change of the RCJ resulted in high BD-concentration areas and stress distribution on the dorsal side of the radius, which may constitute a precursor for OA.

Twist Angle Error Statistical Analysis and Uncertain Influence on Aerodynamic Performance of Three-Dimensional Compressor Rotor

Twist angle errors along the blade radial direction are uncertain and affected by cutting force, tool wear, and other factors. In this paper, the measured twist angle errors of 13 sections of 72 rotor blades were innovatively analyzed to obtain the rational statistical distribution. It is surprisingly found that the under-deflection systematic deviation of twist angle errors shows a gradually increasing W-shaped distribution along the radial direction, while the scatter is nearly linear. Logically, the statistical model is established based on the linear correlation of the scatter by regression analysis to reduce variable dimension from 13 to 1. The influence of the radial non-uniform twist angle errors’ uncertainty on the aerodynamic performance of the three-dimensional compressor rotor is efficiently quantified combining the non-intrusive polynomial chaos method. The results show that the mean values of mass flow rate, total pressure ratio, and isentropic efficiency at the typical operating conditions are lower than the nominal values due to the systematic deviation, indicating that the under-deflection twist angle errors lead to the decrease in compressor thrust. The compressor’s stable operating range is more sensitive to the scatter of twist angle errors, which is up to an order of magnitude greater than that of the total pressure ratio and isentropic efficiency, indicating the compressor’s safe and stable operation risk increases. Additionally, the flow field at the tip region is significantly affected by twist angle errors, especially at the shock wave position of the near-stall condition.

Minimal mass optimization of tensegrity torsional structures

The advantage of high strength-to-mass ratio renders tensegrity structures suitable for application as lightweight structures. Therefore, the minimal mass optimization problem is one of the focal points in the research of tensegrity structures. Various minimal mass optimization configurations have been proposed for different types of loads. In this paper, we will continue this topic to deal with the minimal mass optimization problem of the tensegrity structure under torsional loads. The inspiration for this study stems from the constant radial angle feature of Michell structures, which is also present in the logarithmic spiral. By employing inverse stereographic projection with conformality, the logarithmic spiral can be mapped onto the sphere , the angle between the curve and the lines of latitude remains constant. On this basis, a type of tensegrity sphere structure combining the spherical logarithmic spiral and DHT (Double Helix Tensegrity) topology is proposed. Compared to the other two spheres with identical topology, the proposed tensegrity sphere structure significantly reduces the minimal mass under torsional loads. Furthermore, we have observed that when logarithmic spiral curves with opposite chirality are orthogonal, the optimal solution with minimal mass occurs. These findings demonstrate the potential of the combination of logarithmic spirals and conformal transformations, and positive effect of the orthogonal arrangement of members for mass optimization of tensegrity structures.

Dynamic Response Analysis of Moving Trains Passing Through the Stationary Thunderstorm Downburst Wind

The safety of the high-speed train traveling through the stationary thunderstorm downburst wind was studied. First, a thunderstorm wind test device was used to simulate the stationary thunderstorm downburst wind. Based on the rigid model pressure measurement tests, the aerodynamic forces of the train traveling along different paths through the stationary thunderstorm downburst wind were measured. The influence of the radial distance of the crossing path on the aerodynamic force coefficients of the train was investigated. On this basis, an unsteady aerodynamic model of the high-speed train crossing through the stationary thunderstorm downburst wind was established, and dynamic response analysis was carried out using the SIMPACK multibody dynamics simulation software to explore further the safety of the high-speed train crossing through the stationary thunderstorm downburst wind. The research showed that the stationary thunderstorm downburst wind field has significant spatial variation characteristics compared with the atmospheric boundary layer wind field. When the train passes through the thunderstorm downburst wind, the radial wind speed and wind yaw angle experienced by the train constantly change, and the change curve shows a symmetrical distribution. The aerodynamic force of the train will undergo sudden loading and unloading processes, and the lateral force coefficient of the train on different paths shows a “pulse-type” variation. Moreover, the lateral force coefficient increases with the increase of wind yaw angle. Under the influence of the thunderstorm downburst wind, the variation trend of the aerodynamic force coefficients of the train is consistent with that under crosswind. However, there are significant differences in the numerical values. Therefore, it is impossible to simply use the formula for calculating the aerodynamic force coefficients of the train under crosswinds to predict the aerodynamic force coefficients of the train under the thunderstorm downburst wind. While passing through the thunderstorm downburst wind, the overturning coefficient index plays a decisive role in the safety of train operations. Train rollover is the main form of train safety accidents, while derailment accidents are not easy. The numerical results obtained in this study are significant for evaluating the operational safety while moving trains traversing the stationary thunderstorm downburst wind.

Effect of basicity on the structure and viscosity properties of HIsmelt slag: A molecular dynamics simulation

ABSTRACT HIsmelt is an emerging and potentially promising non-blast furnace ironmaking process, and the characteristics of its slag are crucial to the smelting process. Currently, there is no atomic-scale research on the slag of the HIsmelt process. In this work, molecular dynamics simulations were employed to investigate the effect of basicity on the structure and viscosity properties of the HIsmelt CaO-SiO2-Al2O3-FeO slag system at 1773 K. The slag structure was characterised by calculating structural parameters, including radial distribution function, coordination number, oxygen type, and bond angle distribution. Furthermore, the viscosity of the slag system was estimated by using the self-diffusion coefficient and compared with mathematical models. The results indicate that basicity has a negligible impact on the short-range ordering of aluminosilicates in the HIsmelt slag system. As slag basicity increases from 0.4 to 1.8, the concentration of bridging oxygen decreases, non-bridging oxygen increases, and the [SiO4]4+ and [AlO4]5+ network structures undergo depolymerisation in the system. Additionally, the self-diffusion coefficient of atoms increases, and the slag viscosity exhibits a declining trend with increasing basicity. In the basicity range of 0.8 −1.8, the current MD simulations align with the results of the previous models.

Correlations on heat-transfer rate and friction factor using radial and axial v-cut geometry on a twisted tape in a double-pipe heat exchanger

This study explores the transformative potential of varying radial and axial v-cut angles within twisted tape inserts in the context of heat transfer enhancement within a double-pipe heat exchanger. The research is driven by the need to enhance energy efficiency in heat exchange systems, with a focus on understanding how v-cut angles influence heat-transfer rates, friction factors, and overall performance. Using water as the working medium, a comprehensive experimental investigation is conducted across a Reynolds number range of 5500–10,000. The findings reveal compelling correlations between the Nusselt number (Nu), friction factor ( f), and performance evaluation criteria concerning different v-cut angles within the twisted tape inserts. Remarkably, the study underscores the pivotal role of radial v-cut twisted tapes in elevating heat exchanger performance, surpassing even axial v-cut configurations. The Nusselt number achieves its pinnacle (96.51) at a Reynolds number of 10,000, whereas the highest friction factor (0.0582) and performance evaluation criteria (1.65) emerge at a Reynolds number of 5500, specifically with a 45-degree radial v-cut angle. This configuration showcases remarkable enhancements in the Nusselt number (98.68%), friction factor (38.87%), and performance evaluation criterion (39.36%) compared to a plain tube, underlining the transformative potential of optimized twisted tape inserts. The presented study offers more than theoretical insights; it provides practical guidelines for designing heat exchangers with superior performance. Derived correlations for the Nusselt number and friction factor, established through regression analysis involving key parameters such as Reynolds number (Re), Prandtl number (Pr), radial v-cut angle ( ϕ), and axial v-cut angle ( θ), demonstrate robust results within a narrow range of ± 5% for the Nusselt number and ±7% for the friction factor. In summary, this investigation not only advances our understanding of heat transfer enhancement but also presents tangible pathways for implementing enhanced heat exchanger designs, contributing significantly to energy-efficient thermal systems.

Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis (MIPO) of Comminuted Radial Fractures Using a Locking Plate Contoured on a 3D-Printed Model of the Feline Antebrachium: A Cadaveric Study.

(1) Background: Due to the unique structural and functional characteristics of the forelimb in cats, fractures of the radius and ulna are best repaired using internal fixation and stabilization in accordance with AO principles. This study presents the results of reduction of 42 cadaveric comminuted feline radial fractures reduced by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO). (2) Methods: Radius fractures were created on 21 pairs of forelimbs with intact bones. MIPO was then performed using two locking bone plates pre-contoured on 3D-printed bone models of the antebrachium of a male and a female cat. Pre- and postoperative radiographs were taken, and radius length and anatomical lateral distal radial angle (aLDRA) were measured. (3) Results: All fractures were classified as complex diaphyseal fractures of the radius. The radial bone length did not change significantly after surgery (F1,18 = 0.01, p = 0.933). However, the aLDRA was modified after surgery (F1,18 = 7.51, p = 0.013), but this change was only observed in females, in whom the aLDRA was significantly reduced (p = 0.035) compared to the value determined by the shape of the plate. In males, the pre- and postoperative aLDRA values were similar (p = 0.824). In 40 cases, alignment, adjacency of bone fragments, and apparatus were judged to be satisfactory. In two cases, the plate was fixed to the proximal radius and distal ulna due to misidentification of the distal radius. In both cases, revision surgery and correct fixation of the radius gave proper alignment, adjacency, and apparatus. (4) Conclusion: A pre-contoured plate on a 3D-printed model of the male and female domestic cat antebrachium was suitable for the reduction and stabilization of comminuted radial fractures in a cohort of domestic cat cadavers without the need to print individual antebrachial bone models for each patient.

Radiographic evaluation of the carrying angle and its correlation with various skeletal elements of the elbow joint in Iranian people

Background and aims: Evaluating the carrying angle and other anthropological features is important in determining elbow deformities. This study evaluated the carrying angle and various skeletal elements in normal Iranian adults. Methods: The present study includes the elbow radiographs of 253 adolescents (87 women and 166 men). The carrying angle, articular surface angle, radial neck-shaft angle, and inter-epicondylar diameter have been measured. Then, a statistical analysis was conducted by gender and side for each measure. Spearman’s or Pearson’s correlations were used to detect the correlation between means. Results: The mean carrying angle, radial neck-shaft angle, articular surface angle, and inter-epicondylar diameter were 19.72±7.68° , 11.21±4.45° , 85.19±7.62° , and 85.80±66.47 (mm) respectively. Statistically significant differences were not found between the left and right sides in all parameters for both males and females. However, significant differences were found between genders in inter-epicondylar diameter (P=0.0001). Further, a significant negative correlation was found between the carrying and articular surface angles in males (r=-0.29) and females (r=-0.33). However, there was no significant correlation between the carrying angle and radial neck-shaft angle or inter-epicondylar diameter. Conclusion: The present study showed the mean value of carrying angle, radial neck-shaft angle, articular surface angle, and inter-epicondylar diameter in Iranian people. The result of this study might be useful in the management of elbow disorders such as fractures and displacement as well as elbow reconstruction surgery procedures.

AUV instantaneous velocity estimation method based on azimuth and Doppler shift

Autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), as a new underwater operation platform, has been widely used in the field of ocean engineering. AUV underwater condition monitoring is an important guarantee for the safety and effective execution of AUV operations. To meet the requirement of real-time and high-precision underwater instantaneous velocity monitoring of AUV, this paper proposed an AUV instantaneous velocity estimation method. The method takes the target azimuth and Doppler shift as the observation information. It comprehensively uses the geometric relationship among the target azimuth, heading angle, radial velocity angle, and the physical relationship between Doppler and radial velocity to construct an AUV instantaneous velocity estimation model based on distributed dual acoustic observation nodes. We derive the analytical solution of AUV speed and heading angle and analyze the influence of each observation error on the estimation precision of the algorithm. The research and practical data processing results show that the proposed method can effectively estimate the instantaneous velocity of AUV. Compared with the traditional method based on position difference, it has the advantages of high estimation precision, is not limited by frame interval, and is adaptive to many kinds of motion modes. When AUV moves in a straight line at a uniform speed, the precision of speed estimation and heading angle estimation of the algorithm proposed in the paper is 0.506 m/s and 6.146°, which is equivalent to that of the traditional method based on position difference with 50 frame intervals.

Impact of Laval nozzle structure on the flow characteristics of supersonic gas-solid two-phase flow

This study introduces a mathematical coupling model within the Euler-Lagrange framework to conduct numerical simulations for supersonic gas-particles flow. After validating the model, the gas flow characteristics and particle dynamics within supersonic gas-particle flow under various nozzle configurations are investigated. The findings are as follows: (1) A Laval nozzle with a smoothly connected throat suppresses the generation of fan-shaped Prandtl-Meyer expansion waves and other complex wave systems, effectively mitigating significant changes in gas pressure at the throat and enhancing the stability of supersonic jets. (2) The presence of a particle-free zone in the nozzle divergent segment reduces the collision frequency between particles and the walls, thereby restricting the radial expansion of particles. (3) Utilizing an internally smooth-lined nozzle and expanding the radial divergence angle to 2.5–2.8 times, while ensuring particles maintain consistent axial penetration performance, increases the reflective contact area. This leads to an improvement in the utilization efficiency of particles. These findings provide valuable insights for optimizing nozzle configurations and enhancing the performance of supersonic gas-particle systems.

Chemically Specific Systematic Coarse-Grained Polymer Model with Both Consistently Structural and Dynamical Properties.

The coarse-grained (CG) model serves as a powerful tool for the simulation of polymer systems; its reliability depends on the accurate representation of both structural and dynamical properties. However, strong correlations between structural and dynamical properties on different scales and also a strong memory effect, enforced by chain connectivity between monomers in polymer systems, render developing a chemically specific systematic CG model a formidable task. In this study, we report a systematic CG approach that combines the iterative Boltzmann inversion (IBI) method and the generalized Langevin equation (GLE) dynamics. Structural properties are ensured by using conservative CG potentials derived from the IBI method. To retrieve the correct dynamical properties in the system, we demonstrate that using a combination of a Rouse-type delta function and a time-dependent short-time kernel in the GLE simulation is practically efficient. The former can be used to adjust the long-time diffusion dynamics, and the latter can be reconstructed from an iterative procedure according to the velocity autocorrelation function (ACF) from all-atomistic (AA) simulations. Taking the polystyrene as an example, we show that not only structural properties of radial distribution function, intramolecular bond, and angle distributions can be reproduced but also dynamical properties of mean-square displacement, velocity ACF, and force ACF resulted from our CG model have quantitative agreement with the reference AA model. In addition, reasonable agreements are observed in other collective properties between our GLE-CG model and the AA simulations as well.

Cognitive radio resource scheduling using an adaptive multiobjective evolutionary algorithm

With the proliferation of IoT devices and the increasing popularity of location-oriented services in cyber-physical-social systems, the cognitive engines of these systems have taken on a multitude of parameters across various dimensions, making it impractical and time-consuming to search for the exact optimal solution. To address this challenge, the use of nature-inspired or evolutionary algorithms to find satisfactory solutions in a timely manner has gained significant attention, with reference point-based algorithms being one of the prominent approaches. However, when dealing with nonuniform, degenerate, and discrete Pareto fronts in the target space, using a considerable number of reference points may become ineffective, leading to a loss of diversity in exploration and exploitation during the problem-solving process. Consequently, the distribution of the solutions is adversely affected. To overcome this challenge, this paper presents a strategy to estimate the eigenvalues of the Pareto front in a timely manner. When encountering nonuniform, degenerate, and discrete Pareto fronts, a combination of radial space partitioning and angle selection mechanisms is employed to address these issues. Subsequently, an adaptive selection-based many-objective evolutionary algorithm (ASMaOEA) is proposed. Extensive comparisons with several competing methods on 31 representative benchmark problems demonstrate that ASMaOEA can provide a flexible configuration for decision engines in three typical scenarios involving cyber-physical-social systems. Furthermore, the analysis confirms that ASMaOEA can reduce the bit error rate and improve the system’s throughput, thereby offering substantial benefits to the overall performance of the system.

Biometric analysis hand parameters in young adults for prosthetic hand and ergonomic product applications.

This study aimed to evaluate the superficial anatomy, kinesiology, and functions of the hand to reveal its morphometry and apply the findings in various fields such as prosthetic hand and protective hand support product design. We examined 51 young adults (32 females, 19 males) aged between 18-30. Hand photographs were taken, and measurements were conducted using ImageJ software. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to determine the relationship between personal information and the parameters. The results of the measurements showed the average lengths of finger segments: thumb (49.5±5.5 mm), index finger (63.9±4.1 mm), middle finger (70.7±5.2 mm), ring finger (65.5±4.8 mm), and little finger (53.3±4.3 mm). Both females and males, the left index finger was measured longer than the right index finger. The right ring finger was found to be longer than the left in both sexes. Additionally, length differences between fingers in extended and maximally adducted positions were determined: thumb-index finger (56.1±6.2 mm), index-middle finger (10.7±4.1 mm), middle-ring finger (10.8±1.4 mm), and ring-little finger (25.6±2.7 mm). Other findings included the average radial natural angle (56.4°±10.5°), ulnar natural angle (23.4°±7.1°), radial deviation angle (65.2°±8.2°), ulnar deviation angle (51.2°±9.6°), and grasping/gripping angle (49.1°±5.8°). The average angles between fingers in maximum abduction positions were also measured: thumb-index finger (53.4°±6.5°), index-middle finger (17.2°±2.6°), middle-ring finger (14.3°±2.3°), and ring-little finger (32.1°±7.0°). The study examined the variability in the positioning of proximal interphalangeal joints during maximum metacarpophalangeal and proximal interphalangeal flexion, coinciding with maximum distal interphalangeal extension movements. The focal points of our observations were the asymmetrical and symmetrical arches formed by these joints. This study provides valuable hand parameters in young adults, which can be utilized in various applications such as prosthetic design, ergonomic product development, and hand-related research. The results highlight the significance of considering individual factors when assessing hand morphology and function.

Experimental study on fragments dispersion characteristics of elliptical cross-section casing under explosive loading

To better understand the fragments dispersion characteristics of elliptical cross-section warhead (ECSW), static explosion experiments were conducted with four ECSWs and one circular cross-section warhead (CCSW). The warheads were designed with the same mass ratio of charge to the metal casing, and the difference in cross-section shape was indicated by the shape ratio. The experimental results indicated that ECSW fragments dispersion in their radial direction deviated from the normal direction of casing under explosive loading. The radial deviation angle decreased with the higher shape ratios. In the axial direction, the axial projection angle of fragment increased gradually from the major to the minor axis. Additionally, the fragment velocity and density in the minor axis direction increased noticeably compared to the major axis, and the difference reduced as the shape ratio increased. A formula for predicting the radial velocity distribution of the fragments was proposed, and the maximum relative error between the calculation and experiment results is less than 5 %. Finally, the driving mechanism of ECSW was preliminarily revealed. The findings serve as a fundamental basis for future research on ECSW and offer valuable insights for the development of innovative warhead designs.