Ethnic Minority Research Articles

Importance of accounting for student identities and intersectionality for creating equitable and inclusive physics learning environments

This research focuses on the experiences of seven undergraduate women who were majoring in physics in a medium-size physics department at a small liberal arts college. In the semistructured, empathetic interviews we conducted, the women discussed how they decided to major in physics, their interactions with their peers and instructors, and who supported them during their physics trajectory. We used Standpoint Theory and focused on the experiences of undergraduate women to get a holistic perspective of how they became interested in physics, how they have been supported in their physics journey, as well as identify any challenges that they faced in their undergraduate physics program due to their identity. Using the Domains of Power framework, we analyzed how those in the position of power, e.g., instructors, can play important roles in establishing and maintaining safe, equitable, and inclusive environments for students, which is especially important for historically marginalized students such as women and ethnic and racial minority students in physics. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

Questions on travel and sexual behaviours negatively impact ethnic minority donor recruitment: Effect of negative word-of-mouth and avoidance.

Donor selection questions differentially impacting ethnic minorities can discourage donation directly or via negative word-of-mouth. We explore the differential impact of two blood safety questions relating to (i) sexual contacts linked to areas where human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) rates are high and (ii) travelling to areas where malaria is endemic. Epidemiological data are used to assess infection risk and the need for these questions. We report two studies. Study 1 is a behavioural study on negative word-of-mouth and avoiding donation among ethnic minorities (n = 981 people from National Health Service Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) and the general population: 761 were current donors). Study 2 is an epidemiology study (utilizing NHSBT/UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) surveillance data on HIV-positive donations across the UK blood services between1996 and 2019) to assess whether the sexual risk question contributes to reducing HIV risk and whether travel deferral was more prevalent among ethnic minorities (2015-2019). Studies 1 and 2 provide complementary evidence on the behavioural impact to support policy implications. A high proportion of people from ethnic minorities were discouraged from donating and expressed negative word-of-mouth. This was mediated by perceived racial discrimination within the UK National Health Service. The number of donors with HIV who the sexual contact question could have deferred was low, with between 8% and 9.3% of people from ethnic minorities deferred on travel compared with 1.7% of White people. Blood services need to consider ways to minimize negative word-of-mouth, remove questions that are no longer justified on evidence and provide justification for those that remain.

Video-streamed Intangible Cultural Heritage, Ethnic Perceptions, and Cross-cultural Competence in China

The aim of the present study was to investigate the capacity of video-streamed content related to intangible cultural heritage (ICH) associated with Chinese ethnic minorities to enhance cross-cultural competence and perceptions about ethnic minority communities among users from China’s ethnic majority. Moreover, the research examined how users’ motivations and demographic factors moderate these relations. Utilizing a quantitative online questionnaire to examine video-streaming users in China, the research employed linear regression and hierarchical regression analyses to test these relationships. The findings indicated that cross-cultural attitudes and skills served as positive predictors of participants’ affinity for ethnic minorities, suggesting more favorable cross-cultural attitudes and skills led to more liking of ethnic minorities. However, these factors did not forecast stereotypical perceptions of ethnic minorities. Notably, cross-cultural knowledge was found to have no predictive capability regarding either affinity or stereotypical perceptions. Furthermore, user motivations to use live-streamed ICH content, specifically amotivation and regulation, were found to significantly moderate the connections between cross-cultural competence and attitudes toward ethnic minorities. In other words, participants who perceived the benefits of using live-streamed ICH content contributed to the relationships. These findings provide substantial insight into the complex interrelationship between digital media use, cross-cultural competence, and interethnic attitudes in China’s context. The study highlights the ability of video-streamed ICH content to foster positive interethnic relations while unpacking subtle influences of user motivation in the process. The findings presented here may guide the development of approaches aimed at utilizing digital platforms to enhance cultural comprehension and mitigate stereotypes within multicultural communities internationally, thus enriching the overarching discussion regarding the influence of digital media on the formation of cross-cultural perceptions and interactions.

Building Social Justice-oriented Resilience for Diversity, Equity and Inclusion in Higher Education: Propositions from Hong Kong

Diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) rhetoric and initiatives are gaining attention in Asian higher education. Yet, these are still underexplored in terms of their potential to bring about cohesive campus climates. As higher education institutions admit students from diverse backgrounds, there is room for examining how DEI might be leveraged to support growing student learning needs, particularly in contexts where cultural diversity is not the norm. Using Hong Kong as an example, this paper probes the genesis of DEI initiatives and sources of deficit thinking in higher education with reference to the experiences of ethnic minority (EM) students. It proposes a conceptualization of resilience theory from a social justice lens to counter deficit thinking and racism, which helps locate DEI initiatives in building culturally inclusive environments.

THE ROLE OF THE COMMUNITY IN PROTECTING AND PROMOTING THE CULTURAL VALUES OF THE SAN DIU ETHNICITY OF SON DUONG DISTRICT TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF TUYEN QUANG PROVINCE

The role of the community in protecting and promoting cultural values has always been studied by managers and scientists. Identifying and properly assessing the role of the community in protecting and promoting ethnic minority values requires an objective and comprehensive view, based on sound scientific arguments. The traditional culture of the San Diu people is the glue that binds the members of the community, creating a strong and united community. However, the socio-economic development in the years of renovation and the process of industrialization and modernization has had a strong impact on the culture of the San Diu people. Cultural changes are taking place in many directions, affecting community life. The current problem with state management agencies and the community in managing, protecting and promoting cultural values of the San Diu people is how to make heritage values permanent and develop. value in contemporary life.

A bibliometric analysis of research on black women: exploring social exclusion and racial discrimination (1977-2024)

Racism have been directed associated with social discrimination of black women caused by racial exclusion. We aimed to visualize the state-of-the-art black women and social and racial discrimination. A total of 214 English-language publications were analysis, comprising articles, books review, editorial, letter, meeting abstract, proceeding papers and reviews, sourced from the Web of Science Core Collection database spanning from January 1977 to May 2024. The results revealed: (1) Cultural Diversity & Ethnic minority psychology journal has published the most studies. The University of Michigan and University of California play the most important role in research related to black woman and social and racial discrimination. The USA is the main publishing country with significant academic influence. (2) Seanna Leath, Jioni A Lewis, J Camille Hall are the leading scholars in black women and social and racial discrimination. Regarding local impact per author, using the H-index, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Frontiers in Psychiatry appeared to be the most relevant. (3) The research frontier of black women and social and racial discrimination has significantly shifted from focusing on community, racism, intersectionality, structural racism, and discrimination.

Educational outcomes of children with major congenital anomalies: Study protocol for a population-based cohort study using linked hospital and education data from England

Background Major congenital anomalies (CAs) affect around 2% of live births and are a primary cause of infant mortality, childhood morbidity and long-term disability, often requiring hospitalisation and/or surgery. Children with CAs are at greater risk of lower educational attainment compared with their peers, which could be due to learning disabilities, higher rates of ill-health and school absences, or lack of adequate educational support. Our study will compare the educational attainment of children with CAs to those of their peers up to age 11 in England, using linked administrative health and education data. Methods We will analyse data from the ECHILD (Education and Child Health Insights from Linked Data) database. Children born in NHS-funded hospitals from 1st September 2003 to 31st August 2008 whose hospital records were linked to their educational records at three Key Stages (ages 4/5, 6/7 and 10/11 years) will be included. Children with different CAs, indicated by recorded hospital diagnosis codes, will be compared to children without CAs. We will compare the proportions of enrolled children who take the assessment, the proportions who reached national expected levels of attainment, and the mean standardised attainment scores for Maths and English at each Key Stage. We will describe variations in outcome by sex, ethnic minority background, region, and neighbourhood deprivation, and perform regression modelling to compare the attainment trajectories of children with and without CAs, controlling for sociodemographic factors. Ethics and dissemination Ethics approval has been obtained for the analyses of the ECHILD database. Our findings will provide information for parents regarding their children’s expected academic potential, and also enable the development of interventions to support those at risk of not doing well. We will disseminate our findings to academics, policy makers, service users and providers through seminars, peer-reviewed publications, conference abstracts and other media (lay summaries and infographics).

Elevating equity: advancing diversity and inclusivity through trialing bias reduction tools in the general internal medicine program resident application process.

Decades of medical data show worse patient outcomes among racial and gender minorities due to implicit, explicit, and structural biases. Increasing representation of marginalized groups among care providers is imperative to help address this. Limited literature exists on bias awareness strategies for interviewers during the selection of applicants to General Internal Medicine (GIM) programs in Canada. This study examines the trial of bias reduction tools to increase interviewers' awareness of implicit biases. The Model of Improvement framework guided the trail of an instructional video, the adapted implicit association test (IAT), and a paper awareness tool (PAT) to increase interviewers' awareness of implicit biases during the University of Alberta's GIM applicant selection. An anonymous online survey was disseminated to physician interviewers. Descriptive statistics (percentages) and a modified sentiment analysis was completed. 10 of 14 interviewers completed the survey. Respondents reported an increased awareness of using bias reduction tools (IAT, 25%; video, 71%; PAT, 67%) to inform them on their implicit biases. The future use of IAT, video, and PAT was supported by 50%, 71%, and 67% of interviewers, respectively. Interviewers prefer the instructional video and PAT over the IAT. Textual responses suggest existing concerns for biases inherent to the interview process yet 70% (7/10) of respondents believe that interviews should have a weighting of 50% towards final ranking of candidates. As many institutions continue to rely on interviews to evaluate candidates, our findings indicate the need for a national study to develop a framework to mitigate inherent biases during interviewing of candidates.

Measuring attitudes towards ethnic minority patients: the revalidated REMP-3 instrument for graduate healthcare practitioners

ObjectiveMeasuring intercultural attitudes can aid in understanding and addressing persistent inequities in healthcare. Instead of creating new instruments, several sources call for a more rigorous revalidation of existing instruments towards a more broad population. As an example of such an existing instrument, the EMP-3 (Ethnic Minority Patients) focuses on the attitudes of physicians towards ethnic minority patients. Starting from a robust theoretical underpinning and a rigorous methodological setup, the present study revalidates the EMP-3 instrument for physicians towards the REMP-3 instrument for graduate healthcare practitioners.MethodsWe assessed the reliability and validity of the old EMP-3, which we then updated to a new REMP-3 instrument. We used structural equation modeling to model the framework of intercultural effectiveness on two waves of independent data, N2021 = 368 and N2022 = 390. Within this framework, we tested the new REMP-3 instrument as an operationalization of intercultural attitudes. We conducted a confirmatory factor analysis on the first wave, after which we made adaptations to the original EMP-3 instrument to obtain a new REMP-3 instrument. The new REMP-3 instrument was then cross-validated using the data of the second wave.ResultsThe new REMP-3 instrument is a psychometric upgrade compared to the EMP-3. The REMP-3 now has a cross-validated structure, with three subscale dimensions (i.e., task perception, background perception and the perceived need to communicate) and an overarching higher-order, full-scale dimension. Both the subscales as well as the full instrument show acceptable to good internal consistency reliability, with a reduced number of items from eighteen to ten. As theoretically predicted, the REMP-3 also functions as a measure of intercultural attitudes in an intercultural competence framework.ConclusionUltimately, the REMP-3 instrument can contribute to more equity in healthcare by concisely and reliably assessing and monitoring attitudes in healthcare practitioners. This attitude assessment represents the potential of learning new skills and knowledge to address interactions with ethnic minority patients, which is especially useful during training situations like an internship.

“I’d just love to hear what the community has to say”: Exploring the potential of community-driven vaccine messaging amongst ethnic minority communities

ABSTRACT Community-based communication interventions improve health outcomes and foster positive behavioral changes across diverse populations. However, their potential to support vaccine readiness remains underexplored. This paper addresses this gap by investigating the opinions and preferences of ethnic minority community members who attended a health information session regarding community-delivered vaccine messaging. The study explored the perceptions and willingness to engage in community-led communication efforts about vaccination, focusing on COVID-19 booster vaccines. In-depth interviews were conducted between November and December 2023 with individuals from ethnic minority communities in Central Eastern Sydney who attended an information session about COVID-19 boosters. Four key themes emerged from speaking to this specific group, highlighting diverse communication preferences and intentions. Participants emphasized obtaining vaccine-related knowledge from various sources, particularly through interpersonal discussions. Trusted voices like general practitioners (GPs) and targeted media campaigns were deemed to be crucial. Recommendations included leveraging community champions and establishing a central body for efficient vaccination campaign management in multicultural communities. Personal engagement through community discussions was stressed, with inclusive spaces recommended in various settings. Effective strategies include transparent communication, credible health professional endorsement, and addressing concerns with balanced responses. The findings accentuate the potential effectiveness of grassroots, community-centric initiatives in promoting informed vaccine messaging, countering misinformation, and engaging communities in meaningful health dialogs. Further research on tailored communication and strategic partnerships could enhance this initiative and promote sustained health literacy within ethnic minority communities.

The Morality of Care: Female Family Caregivers' Motivations for Providing Care to Older Migrants.

Finding suitable long-term care arrangements for older migrants in Europe, including Norway, has been a major concern for healthcare policymakers in the last decade. However, many older people with migrant backgrounds, and to a certain extent their descendants, often prefer that care arrangements are managed within the family. Although caring for family members may be personally satisfying, it can also be a source of distress. This study explores the motivations of care among female family caregivers of older Pakistani migrants within the Norwegian Ahmadiyya community. Our data are derived from a qualitative study including individual and group interviews with 19 female family caregivers. The study participants were aged 25-62 and resided in Norway. The interviews were conducted in Urdu and English and later transcribed verbatim in English. Our findings resulted in four main themes regarding motivations for caregiving: (1) "Who else, if not the family?": care perceived as a family obligation; (2) The divine duty of caregiving; (3) Women are better at caregiving; and (4) "What will people say?": fear of judgments. The intersection of culture, religion, gender, and migration shaped caregiving as a moral practice, and those providing care were considered individuals with high moral identity. The moral identity assigned to the role of family caregivers appears to exacerbate rather than alleviate the care burden on women of migrant origin. Understanding the motivations for caregiving can shed light on ways in which better support can be provided to ethnic minority families with aging members.

The Trình Tường house of the Bố Y People in Vietnam: A Study on Cultural Heritage and Traditional Architecture

The Trình Tường house (similer Earthen-Walled house), a distinctive architectural form of the Bố Y people in Vietnam, has embodied both cultural and spiritual values, reflecting their ethnic identity. However, modernization, climate change, and the development of tourism have placed immense pressure on the preservation of this traditional architecture. This paper aims to analyze the cultural and architectural values of the Trình Tường house in the modern context while proposing solutions for its preservation and promotion as a cultural heritage. The research was based on qualitative methods, including field observation, semi-structured interviews with Bố Y community members, and comparative analysis of traditional architecture from other ethnic minorities in Southeast Asia and worldwide. The findings revealed that the Trình Tường house was not only a physical structure but also a cultural and spiritual symbol, connecting people with nature and belief systems. However, pressures from modernization and climate change have compromised the sustainability of this architecture. The study contributes to cultural ecology theory and offers specific policy recommendations for preserving the Trình Tường house, ensuring the Bố Y people’s cultural identity, and paves the way for future research on traditional architectural conservation in the current context.

Understanding occupational therapy perinatal mental health practice in mothers from ethnic minorities: A qualitative study of practitioner perceived barriers and enablers

Introduction: In the United Kingdom, ethnic minority mothers experience increased risk of mental illness compared to white women of British heritage. However, there is insufficient research to guide perinatal mental health occupational therapists to develop services that are accessible and meet the diverse needs of service users. This study explored perinatal mental health occupational therapists’ perceptions of the barriers and enablers to an inclusive service provision for ethnic minority mothers. Methods: A qualitative study was undertaken. Recruitment via social media used non-probability sampling. Semi-structured interviews collected data which were then analysed thematically. Results: Eight occupational therapist participated in the study. Three main themes were identified: observation of caseloads; experience of providing occupational therapy; influence of the therapist’s culture. Participants perceived stigma, fear, language and cultural perceptions created barriers for ethnic minority mothers. Discussion: Limited workforce diversity, ineffective mandatory training and insufficient referral to occupational therapy by other healthcare professionals were believed to negatively impact service delivery. Cultural experience and reflective practice were felt to enable inclusive practice. Recommendations to inform perinatal mental health occupational therapy practice in the United Kingdom and internationally include collaborations to gain a more diverse workforce, improved mandatory training and strategies to increase cultural sensitivity and competence.

Racial Capitalism in an Ethnic Minority Border Region

Abstract In the social, historical, and political context of Xi Jinping’s China, particular forms of racialization and racial capitalism have emerged in Altay Prefecture, the homeland of ethnic Kazakhs on China’s northwest border. This study examines the husbandry industry in Altay Prefecture to elucidate how Xi’s China has built a mode of racial capitalism through the management of Kazakh land, ethnicity, and culture. Within the framework of a case study, I employ document collection and participant observation methods to gather data that are then interpreted through critical policy analysis. The research shows that Kazakhs have been racialized based on their mobile pastoral traditions, enslaved in the “debt economy,” and exploited through husbandry policies and programs. The particular ways in which husbandry has been restructured and assimilated into Chinese industrial production chains exploit and reproduce the Kazakh-Han hierarchy and segregation. This close look at racial capitalism in Altay sheds light on the operations of Xi’s ecological civilization and war on poverty policies in an ethnic minority border region and discusses how they align with the broader geopolitics of the Belt and Road Initiative in Central Asia and Eastern Europe.

Associations of various healthy dietary patterns with biological age acceleration and the mediating role of gut microbiota: results from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort study.

To investigate the associations between dietary patterns and biological aging, identify the most recommended dietary pattern for coping with biological aging and explore the potential mediating role of gut microbiota in less-developed ethnic minority regions (LEMRs). This prospective cohort study included 8288 participants aged 30-79 years from the China Multi-Ethnic Cohort study (CMEC). Anthropometric measurements and clinical biomarkers were utilized to construct biological age based on Klemera and Doubal's method (KDM-BA) and KDM-BA acceleration (KDM-AA). Dietary information was obtained through the baseline food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Six dietary patterns were constructed: plant-based diet index (PDI), healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI), healthy diet score (HDS), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), and alternative Mediterranean diets (aMED). Follow-up adjusted for baseline analysis were employed to assess the associations between dietary patterns and KDM-AA. Additionally, quantile G-computation was utilized to evaluate the significant beneficial and harmful food groups. In the subsample of 764 participants with gut microbiota data obtained through 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we used causal mediation model to explore the mediating role of gut microbiota in the associations between dietary patterns and KDM-AA. The results showed that all dietary patterns were associated with KDM-AA. Transitioning from non-compliance to compliance, DASH exhibited the strongest negative association with KDM-AA [β = -0.91, 95%CI (-1.19, -0.63)]. The component analyses revealed that tea and soybean products were the significant beneficial food groups, while salt, preserved vegetables, red and processed meats were identified as the major harmful food groups. In mediation analysis, the decreased abundance of Synergistetes phylum and Pyramidobacter genus possibly mediated the negative associations between plant-based diets and KDM-AA (5.61%-9.19%). Overall, healthy dietary patterns, especially DASH, are negatively associated with biological aging in LEMRs. The Synergistetes and Pyramidobacter may mediate the associations between plant-based diets and biological aging. Developing appropriate strategies may promote healthy aging in LEMRs.

Asthma prescribing trends, inhaler adherence and outcomes: a Real-World Data analysis of a multi-ethnic Asian Asthma population

Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) is the mainstay therapy for asthma, but general adherence is low. There is a paucity of real-world inhaler prescribing and adherence data from Asia and at the population level. To address these gaps, we performed a real-world data analysis of inhaler prescribing pattern and adherence in a multi-ethnic Asian asthma cohort and evaluated the association with asthma outcomes. We performed a retrospective analysis of adult asthma patients (aged ≥18 years) treated in the primary and specialist care settings in Singapore between 2015 to 2019. Medication adherence was measured using the medication possession ratio (MPR), and categorised into good adherence (MPR 0.75-1.2), poor adherence (MPR 0.75) or medication oversupply (MPR > 1.2). All statistical analyses were performed using R Studio. 8023 patients, mean age 57 years, were evaluated between 2015 and 2019. Most patients were receiving primary care (70.4%) and on GINA step 1–3 therapies (78.2%). ICS-long-acting beta-2 agonist (ICS-LABA) users increased over the years especially in the primary care, from 33% to 52%. Correspondingly, inpatient admission and ED visit rates decreased over the years. Between 2015 and 2019, the proportion of patients with poor adherence decreased from 12.8% to 10.5% (for ICS) and from 30.0% to 26.8% (for ICS-LABA) respectively. Factors associated with poor adherence included minority ethnic groups (Odds ratio of MPR 0.75–1.2: 0.73–0.93; compared to Chinese), presence of COPD (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.59–0.96) and GINA step 4 treatment ladder (OR 0.71, 95% CI 0.61–0.85). Factors associated with good adherence were male gender (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.01–1.28), single site of care (OR 1.22 for primary care and OR 1.76 for specialist care), GINA step 2 treatment ladder (OR 1.28, 95% CI 1.08–1.50). Good adherence was also associated with less frequent inpatient admission (OR 0.91, 95% CI 0.84–0.98), greater SABA overdispensing (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.47–1.87) and oral corticosteroids use (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.05–1.14). Inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) adherence has improved generally, however, poor adherence was observed for patients receiving asthma care in both primary and specialist care, and those from the minority ethnicities.

A Digital Health Behavior Intervention to Prevent Childhood Obesity

Infant growth predicts long-term obesity and cardiovascular disease. Previous interventions designed to prevent obesity in the first 2 years of life have been largely unsuccessful. Obesity prevalence is high among traditional racial and ethnic minority groups. To compare the effectiveness of adding a digital childhood obesity prevention intervention to health behavior counseling delivered by pediatric primary care clinicians. Individually randomized, parallel-group trial conducted at 6 US medical centers and enrolling patients shortly after birth. To be eligible, parents spoke English or Spanish, and children were born after 34 weeks' gestational age. Study enrollment occurred between October 2019 and January 2022, with follow-up through January 2024. In the clinic-based health behavior counseling (clinic-only) group, pediatric clinicians used health literacy-informed booklets at well-child visits to promote healthy behaviors (n = 451). In the clinic + digital intervention group, families also received health literacy-informed, individually tailored, responsive text messages to support health behavior goals and a web-based dashboard (n = 449). The primary outcome was child weight-for-length trajectory over 24 months. Secondary outcomes included weight-for-length z score, body mass index (BMI) z score, and the percentage of children with overweight or obesity. Of 900 randomized children, 86.3% had primary outcome data at the 24-month follow-up time point; 143 (15.9%) were Black, non-Hispanic; 405 (45.0%) were Hispanic; 185 (20.6%) were White, non-Hispanic; and 165 (18.3%) identified as other or multiple races and ethnicities. Children in the clinic + digital intervention group had a lower mean weight-for-length trajectory, with an estimated reduction of 0.33 kg/m (95% CI, 0.09 to 0.57) at 24 months. There was also an adjusted mean difference of -0.19 (95% CI, -0.37 to -0.02) for weight-for-length z score and -0.19 (95% CI, -0.36 to -0.01) for BMI z score. At age 24 months, 23.2% of the clinic + digital intervention group compared with 24.5% of the clinic-only group had overweight or obesity (adjusted risk ratio, 0.91 [95% CI, 0.70 to 1.17]) based on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria of BMI 85th percentile or greater. At that age, 7.4% of the clinic + digital intervention group compared with 12.7% of the clinic-only group had obesity (adjusted risk ratio, 0.56 [95% CI, 0.36 to 0.88]). A health literacy-informed digital intervention improved child weight-for-length trajectory across the first 24 months of life and reduced childhood obesity at 24 months. The intervention was effective in a racially and ethnically diverse population that included groups at elevated risk for childhood obesity. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04042467.

To Conceal or to Reveal? Antecedents of Ethnic Minority Family Businesses’ Use of Ethnic Branding

The family business branding literature identifies numerous benefits to communicating family ownership. However, existing studies have omitted ethnic minority family businesses (EMFB), which present unique identity and cultural considerations. We examine potential antecedents to EMFB use of ethnic branding, which features their ethnicity within marketing communications. The study establishes a significant positive relationship between EMFB owners’ ethnic identification and socioemotional wealth (SEW), and between EMFB owners’ SEW and ethnic branding usage. Product ethnicity moderates the latter relationship such that a match between product ethnicity and EMFB ethnicity increases the likelihood of ethnic branding. Managerial and theoretical implications are further discussed.

The effects of implicit ethnic expectations and burnout on teachers’ evaluations of students’ performance

ABSTRACT This study explores the effects of teachers’ implicit ethnic expectations and burnout on their evaluation of student performance. Ethnic minority students frequently encounter disadvantages in education, which may be partly attributed to these factors related to teachers. During the academic year of 2021/2022, 55 teachers from a central region of Italy took part in the study, including 20 preservice teachers. The Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to measure teacher burnout, and the Relational Responding Task was utilised to assess teacher implicit beliefs about students’ achievement. A linear mixed-effects model was used to examine the relationship between teachers’ burnout, implicit expectations, and their evaluation of students. Results showed that teachers’ burnout was negatively associated with teachers’ evaluations of ethnic majority and ethnic minority students, regardless of their performance level. Additionally, results suggest that teachers’ implicit expectations may negatively influence their evaluations of ethnic minority students, even when those are high achieving. These findings highlight the need to further investigate the role of teachers’ stereotypical implicit expectations and burnout in their evaluation process. Future interventions should explore strategies to address these biases and promote more equitable evaluation practices.

Factors Associated with Suicidal Behavior in Adolescents: An Umbrella Review Using the Socio-Ecological Model.

Adolescent suicide is a critical social issue with profound and lasting individual and collective consequences. This umbrella review examines factors associated with adolescent suicidal behavior through the socioecological framework of prevention and seeks to identify gaps in the existing literature. The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines and included a comprehensive search of the of the Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane databases in both English and Spanish, covering the period from 2018 to 2024, using terms related to adolescence and suicidal behavior. Out of 6,138 articles identified, 37 met the quality criteria and were selected for analysis. The studies highlighted individual risk factors such as age, gender, belonging to ethnic or gender minorities, emotional disorders, self-destructive behavior, emotional regulation, and experience of physical or emotional pain. Interpersonal factors such as parental relationships, sexual abuse, social isolation, peer pressure, and loneliness were also found. However, the review revealed a worrying lack of studies on societal and community factors and a paucity of research focusing on protective factors. The study highlights the need to include factors related to the physical and social environments that influence health and behavior in future research, as well as to enhance the resources and strengths of adolescents.