Intersection Of Race Research Articles

Race, Gender, Sexuality, and the Pursuit of Modernity: British Biopower and Female Sexuality in Domestic and Colonial Practice

This paper explores how female sexuality became a primary site for the exercise of British biopolitical regulation as illustrated both in colonial Hong Kong and Singapore, and in domestic practice within the metropole. The application of biopolitical regulation on the subject of female sexuality was based on a discursive production making indissociable the success of the imperial project and the survival of the imperial race and the control of the female body. This discursive production mobilized intersections of race, class, gender, and sexuality through the Victorian cult of domesticity, resulting in a racialization of female sexuality with implications transcending the permeable frontier between the metropole and the colonies. Making “the prostitute” the exemplar of deviant, dangerous, and immoral sexuality had discursive repercussions for female sexuality more broadly; explained in contrast to “the prostitute,” the construction of sexual deviance had implications for understandings of sexual conformity and acceptability both in Victorian society and abroad.

A rapid realist review on leadership and career advancement interventions for women in healthcare

Women represent 70% of the global health workforce but only occupy 25% of health and social care leadership positions. Gender-based stereotypes, discrimination, family responsibilities, and self-perceived deficiencies in efficacy and confidence inhibit the seniority and leadership of women. The leadership inequality is often compounded by the intersection of race and socio-economic identities. Resolving gender inequalities in healthcare leadership brings women’s expertise to healthcare decision making, which can lead to equity of healthcare access and improve healthcare services. With the aim of enhancing women’s advancement to leadership positions, a rapid realist review (RRR) was conducted to identify the leadership and career advancement interventions that work for women in healthcare, why these interventions are effective, for whom they are effective, and within which contexts these interventions work. A RRR ultimately articulates this knowledge through a theory describing an intervention’s generative causation. The Realist and Meta-narrative Evidence Syntheses: Evolving Standards (RAMESES) for conducting a realist synthesis guided the methodology. Preliminary theories on leadership and career advancement interventions for women in healthcare were constructed based on an appraisal of key reviews and consultation with an expert panel, which guided the systematic searching and initial theory refinement. Following the literature search, 22 studies met inclusion criteria and underwent data extraction. The review process and consultation with the expert panel yielded nine final programme theories. Theories on programmes which enhanced leadership outcomes among women in health services or professional associations centred on organisational and management involvement; mentorship of women; delivering leadership education; and development of key leadership skills. The success of these strategies was facilitated by accommodating programme environments, adequacy and relevance of support provided and programme accessibility. The relationship between underlying intervention entities, stakeholder responses, contexts and leadership outcomes, provides a basis for underpinning the design for leadership and career advancement interventions for women in healthcare.

A Review of <em>Dramatic Movement of African American Women: The Intersections of Race, Gender, and Class</em>

Garrison Paige reviews Yuvraj Nimbaji Herode's new book, Dramatic Movement of African American Women: The Intersections of Race, Gender, and Class from Anthem Press.

Paradoxical Effects of Income and Income Inequality on Racial Health Disparities.

The intersection of race and place in shaping health disparities presents complex dynamics, as evidenced by studies in cities like Detroit, Baltimore, and Philadelphia, where predominantly Black and economically disadvantaged populations experience high overall rates of health problems. Surprisingly, these cities do not exhibit the most pronounced racial disparities. In contrast, areas with a higher percentage of White residents, indicative of greater income inequality, show stark differences in health outcomes between Black and White populations. This disparity underscores how conditions diverge more sharply between Black and White individuals in wealthier urban areas. This phenomenon suggests a complex and sometimes counterintuitive relationship among race, place, income, and income inequality in shaping racial health disparities. These dynamics have significant policy implications. Addressing health disparities requires nuanced strategies that recognize the multiplicative effects of race and income inequality on health outcomes. Policies focusing on areas with a high disease burden, such as Detroit, Philadelphia, and Baltimore can effectively mitigate disparities both locally and more broadly. Conversely, interventions targeting regions with lower disease prevalence, but higher racial disparities must be approached carefully to avoid exacerbating inequalities. In conclusion, understanding and addressing the complex drivers of health disparities demand comprehensive approaches that acknowledge the intertwined influences of race, income, and place. By prioritizing interventions that address economic disparities alongside health initiatives, policymakers can foster more equitable health outcomes across diverse communities.

Disability’s Dark Figure of Violence: Reporting Variations Across Intersections of Disability Type, Race, Ethnicity, and Sex

Disability’s Dark Figure of Violence: Reporting Variations Across Intersections of Disability Type, Race, Ethnicity, and Sex

The social role of vocational education in decolonisation

ABSTRACT In this paper I consider the social role vocational education can play in decentring settler-colonialism. Through focused programming located in community settings, these educational offerings provide opportunities for students from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds. Connecting capitalism’s relationship to this school system, I contend that vocational education, with its vast scope of subject-matter areas, and deeply embedded connections to the intersectionality of race, class, and gender-oppressions, provide an under-examined opportunity to advance decolonising efforts within society.

Rejecting Multiracial Stereotypes: Parental Socialization Practices at the Intersection of Race and Gender

Stereotypes surrounding multiracial individuals include being viewed as inherently attractive because of their mixed-race background, and, therefore, having a superiority complex, which reinforces racial hierarchies and creates division and tension within communities of color. This superiority complex is often rooted in colorism and proximity to White beauty standards. Drawing upon in-depth, semistructured interviews with 19 sets of interracial parents in the United States, I describe parents’ awareness and perceptions of these stereotypes at the intersection of race and gender. Parents understand that their Black multiracial boys must contend with both multiracial stereotypes and controlling images of Black men and boys. I argue that parents’ understanding of both multiracial stereotypes, like the Biracial Beauty Stereotype, and controlling images of Black boys and men informs their racial socialization practices as they help their child(ren) build a positive racial identity and prepare for discrimination.

Chinese women faculty in US universities: Transnational experiences and challenges

AbstractDue to the distinct language, cultural values, and social structures, dedicated qualitative research is needed to explore the challenges and supports faced by Chinese women faculty (CWF) members in US academia. Adopting a transnational feminist perspective, this study aims to explore how five CWF members navigate various disadvantages arising from the intersections of race, gender, and cultural values in one US institution. The findings indicate that CWF members encounter language barriers, academic authority challenges, and the struggles of balancing work and life. However, findings also show that they strategically navigate language barriers and challenges to their professional authority by establishing their own voices. Additionally, they benefit from mentoring, fostering their academic development, and contributing to their professional growth. Through this study, we aim to shed new lights on the experiences of CWF members in overcoming obstacles and pursuing professional development within US academia.

“Shadowy Objects in Test Tubes”: Gene Fetishism and Racialized Biocapital in Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go

ABSTRACT This paper engages with the entwined questions of science and ideology through a symptomatic reading of Kazuo Ishiguro’s Never Let Me Go (2005), studying how power, racism, and capital intervene into the genetic enterprise of tampering with the limitations of the human and produce a supplicant race of clones for organ harvest and extraction. I commence by drawing on Donna Haraway’s concept of gene fetishism and Evelyn Fox Keller’s notion of gene talk to trace how an elision of the ideological frameworks of race and capital subtending genomics in Ishiguro’s dystopian world instrumentalizes the creation of the clones as racialized products. I bring into dialogue the clones’ obsessive quest for familial origins with Deborah Bolnick’s exploration of the reification of race as biology through ancestry tests to analyze how technology can be used to create and legitimize racism. Deploying Kaushik Sundar Rajan’s theorization of biocapital and James Doucet-Battle’s analysis of the intersections of race, capitalism, and time, I study how the clones are discursively defined as fungible commodities in service to a futurity from which they are precluded. I conclude by positing the call for “slow science” as a potential strategy against the accelerationism and market-ready speculations that dictate biotechnical enterprises today.

Two Gender–Equal Nations? Anti-Gender Re-Configurations of National Belonging in Sweden and Spain

ABSTRACT Gender equality and the rights of LGBTQI* and people of colour are being contested across the globe due to the rise of anti-gender far-right politics and movements that threaten feminist socio-political gains. In a nostalgic defence for a traditional gender order, these exclusionary politics articulate nativist, gendered and racial ideas of the nation. This paper examines anti-gender discourses in relation to dominant discourses of gender equality in specific national contexts and nation-making. We develop the concept of nation-gender equality nexus to account for the different imaginaries of the nation in relation to gender equality that are (re)produced by anti-gender forces through a comparative study of Sweden and Spain. We argue that Swedish and Spanish anti-gender actors configure nationhood and belonging through the reinterpretation of dominant discourses on gender equality in their respective contexts, identifying two main axes that articulate this construction: religion-secularism and migration-race. As a result, anti-gender actors produce different nation-gender configurations that lead to specific boundaries of national belonging and exclusion across the intersections of gender, race, ethnicity, religion, and citizenship.

Analysis of Faculty Gender and Race in Scholarly Achievements in Academic Neurology.

Background: Intersection of gender and race and/or ethnicity in academic medicine is understudied; we aim to understand these factors in relation to scholarly achievements for neurology faculty. Methods: Faculty from 19 US neurology departments completed a survey (2021-2022) to report rank, leadership positions, publications, funded projects, awards, and speaker invitations. Regression analyses examined effects of gender, race, and their intersectionality on these achievements. Women, Black/Indigenous/People of Color (BIPOC), and BIPOC women were comparator groups. Results: Four hundred sixty-twofaculty responded: 55% women, 43% men; 31% BIPOC, 63% White; 21% BIPOC women, 12% BIPOC men, 36% White women, 31% White men. Men and White faculty are more likely to be full professors than women and BIPOC faculty. The number of leadership positions, funded projects, awards, and speaker invitations are significantly greater in White compared to BIPOC faculty. Relative to BIPOC women, the number of leadership positions is significantly higher among BIPOC men, White women, and White men. Publication numbers for BIPOC men are lower, number of funded projects and speaker invitations for White women are higher, and number of awards among White men and White women is higher compared to BIPOC women. Discussion: Our study highlights that inequities in academic rank, award number, funded projects, speakership invitations, and leadership roles disproportionately impacted BIPOC women. More studies are needed to evaluate gender and race and/or ethnicity intersectionality effects on faculty achievements, reasons for inequities, recognition, and potential solutions.

Recruitment overhaul of Black athletes in college sport

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to examine the recruitment and retention efforts of Black college athletes in football, women’s basketball and men’s basketball by white head coaches at historically white institutions (HWI). This study employed Critical Race Theory (CRT) and the educational tenets of: (1) racism; (2) interest convergence; (3) social construction; (4) differential racialization; (5) intersectionality/anti-essentialism; and (6) unique voice/counter storytelling [Bell, D. (1995). Who's afraid of critical race theory? University of Illinois Law Review, 1995, 893–910; Delgado, R., & Stefancic, J. (2001). Critical race theory: An introduction. New York University Press; Ladson-Billings, G. (2013). Critical race theory: What it is not!. In M. L. Editor, & A. D. Editors (Eds.), The handbook of critical race theory in education (pp. 34–47). Routledge Handbooks Online; Solórzano, D. G., & Yosso, T. J. (2002). Critical race methodology: Counter-storytelling as an analytical framework for education research. Qualitative Inquiry, 8(1), 23–44]. A descriptive multiple case study [Stake, R. (1995). The art of case study research. Sage Publications, Inc.] was designed, and semi-structured interviews were carried out with seven male and three female former college athletes from a Power 5 institution. This study gathered common themes related to former athletes’ intersection of race and gender. The theme of race produced the following subthemes: (1) representation, (2) assimilation, (3) academics and (4) community. Furthermore, the theme of gender produced greater insight in the subtheme of (1) intersectionality. Through the aforementioned themes, the researchers call for a complete overhaul of the current practices of recruiting Black college athletes at HWIs through established offices comprised of researchers and practitioners well versed in providing resources and support for students on and beyond the campus environment.

The Concealment of Health Information at the Intersection of Sexual Orientation and Race.

Purpose: Sexually and racially minoritized people often have mistrust toward the healthcare system due to both perceived and actual experiences of discrimination. This may result in increased privacy concerns and a reluctance to share health-related information with health care providers. Drawing upon minority stress and an intersectionality framework, this study examines how rates of concealing health information differ between non-Hispanic White heterosexual people, non-Hispanic White lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) people, racially minoritized heterosexual people, and those who are both sexually and racially minoritized. Methods: Using nationally representative cross-sectional data from the Health Information National Trends Survey from 2017 and 2018 (n = 4575), we fit logistic regression models to examine (1) whether sexually and racially minoritized people conceal health information from their providers more than their counterparts and (2) whether this tendency increases for those with multiple marginalized identities. Furthermore, we fit linear regression models to examine whether and how concealing health information from providers are linked to health outcomes. Results: Sexually and racially minoritized people had higher odds of concealing health information from providers than their counterparts. Those with multiple marginalized identities had even higher odds of withholding health information than other groups. Finally, we found a significant negative association between concealing health information and mental health. Conclusion: Our findings underscore the need to consider how the intersection of multiple marginalized identities shape health experiences and concerns over privacy in health care matters. We call for further research to better understand the complex dynamics of patient-provider relationships for marginalized populations.

Exploring the intersection of income and race in an age diverse sample of people with Type 1 diabetes.

Prior literature suggests that the social gradient in health is racialised such that Black individuals receive fewer health benefits from socioeconomic status than White individuals, yet scarce research studies examine whether this relationship persists in the context of Type 1 diabetes (T1D). Further, most research studies on racial health disparities in T1D outcomes focus on health during early life. We used data from the 2017-2018 wave of the T1D Exchange Registry (N=11,963) and examined the relationship between household income, race and HbA1c in an age diverse sample of people with T1D. Results revealed that the inverse association between income and HbA1c is stronger for Black T1Ds compared to White T1Ds. Despite this, Black T1Ds with an income of $100,000 or more had higher HbA1c values compared to White individuals with an income of less than $25,000. Further, Black adolescents with T1D had particularly high HbA1c values. There is an urgent need for more research on the interpersonal and structural barriers associated with suboptimal glycaemic control among Black individuals.

A Scoping Review of the Intersectionality of Autism and Intellectual and Developmental Disability with Social Inequity on Diagnosis and Treatment of Youth.

Objective: To describe how the intersectionality of race, ethnicity, and language with autism and intellectual and developmental disability (IDD) impacts mental health inequities in psychopharmacological management of youth. Method: This was a scoping review in which a series of searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and manual review of the articles collected. Results: Although autism and/or IDD increases the risk for poor physical and mental health, social determinants of health such as race, ethnicity, and language account for approximately a third of poor outcomes. Minoritized children with autism/IDD experience significantly greater delays to diagnosis and misdiagnosis and are less likely to receive appropriate services. Access to psychological testing and psychosocial services is often limited by availability, skilled practitioners, a shortage of non-English-language providers or interpreters, and poor reimbursement. Conclusion: The intersectionality of autism and/or IDD with race, ethnicity, and language compounds the health inequities associated with either of these challenges independently.

The role of race, gender, and poverty on length of pretrial jail stays: A multi‐site analysis

AbstractResearch SummaryThe average length of jail stays is increasing despite national efforts to reduce these populations. The current study examines variations in lengths of stay, differentiating between short and long pretrial stays. Using data from two large jails in metropolitan jurisdictions, we take an intersectional perspective and model potential differences among race, gender, and residing in a high‐poverty area. In both locations, we find that Black men are the most likely to have long lengths of stay, but that length of stay varies depending on the intersection of gender, race, and neighborhood poverty.Policy Implications:The human costs of pretrial detention are paid unequally by different groups of people. Given the downstream costs of pretrial detention, this work suggests that focusing policy efforts on the barriers to release among people of color, particularly Black men, would be fruitful. There is evidence that bail reform can reduce some barriers to release without increases in crime. Further, attending to obstacles to case processing could lead to pretrial system reform. This work also highlights another area of the criminal legal system where Black males, compared to their White counterparts, are disparately affected and denotes the continuing need for intersectional perspectives on reform.

Sleep as a contributor to socioeconomic disparities in hypertension: The Midlife in the United States (MIDUS II) Study.

Hypertension is highly prevalent and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease. There is a higher burden of hypertension among individuals of lower socioeconomic status (SES), yet the role of sleep in understanding socioeconomic disparities in hypertension is unclear. We investigated whether sleep quality is a partial mediator of the association between SES and hypertension. We used data from the Midlife in the United States II Study, 2004-2009 (n = 426). Analyses were conducted in 2023. Participants underwent 7-day actigraphy and clinical assessments. Sleep quality measures included actigraphy-defined wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO) and sleep efficiency. Hypertension was measured via three consecutive blood pressure readings, and SES was measured via educational attainment. Models were fit adjusting for age, gender, race, body mass index, and perceived stress. Participants had a mean age of 53.5 years (SD = 12.4) and 41.0% were African American. The prevalences of poor WASO (>30 minutes), low sleep efficiency (<85%), and hypertension were 77.7%, 67.1%, and 61.0%, respectively. Education was not associated with hypertension. However, individuals with low vs. high sleep efficiency had 24% higher prevalence of hypertension (aPR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.02 to 1.51), higher systolic blood pressure (aβ = 4.61, 95% CI: 0.69 to 8.53), and higher diastolic blood pressure (aβ = 2.50, 95% CI: 0.10 to 4.89). Education was not significantly associated with sleep after adjustment. There was no evidence of sleep mediating the SES-hypertension relation. Effective interventions to lower hypertension prevalence should consider targeting sleep quality. Future research should explore the intersectionality of SES and race in hypertension.

Unveiling Victor Hugo through Critical Race Theory Feminist Lens: A Social Constructivist Approach

This study re-examines the life and works of Victor Hugo, one of the 19th century's most influential French writers, through the integrated lenses of Critical Race Theory (CRT) and feminist theory, employing a social constructivist approach. By analyzing Hugo's significant works, including "Les Misérables" and "The Hunchback of Notre Dame," this research explores how his narratives address the intersectionality of race, gender, and class. By critically examining characters such as Fantine, Cosette, and Esmeralda, as well as the depiction of marginalized groups, the study uncovers Hugo's critique of his time's social constructs and power dynamics. This analysis highlights Hugo's progressive empathy for the oppressed and discusses the contemporary relevance of his work in understanding and addressing ongoing social injustices. By situating Hugo's literary contributions within the frameworks of CRT and feminist theory, this research offers new insights into the enduring significance of his critique of systemic inequalities, emphasizing the importance of intersectional perspectives in literary studies.

Screen Memories: The Audiovisual Heritage of Turkish Migrant Women in the Netherlands Across Political Film, Video, and Television

This article explores the counterhegemonic uses of audiovisual media —such as film, video, and television— by migrant women workers, specifically focusing on the media tactics of self-representation used in the intersectional feminist activism of migrant women workers from the Turkish Republic in the Netherlands from 1975 to 1985. Through comprehensive archival research, it aims to historically contextualise and critically evaluate the archival conditions of this marginalised audiovisual heritage. Drawing on archival presences of extant film and television material as well as archival absences, such as lost and abandoned projects, the paper proposes to reconfigure the ‘audiovisual heritage’ of underrepresented communities at the intersection of race, gender, and class, whose archival presences are contingent, arbitrary, and fragmented. To address the specific condition of archival paucity concerning the audiovisual heritage of migrant women workers, the paper concludes with the new perspectives opened by a feminist media historiography of open questions, critical fabulation, and counterfactual speculation.

‘Where Have I Found Myself’? Exploring How Black Social Work Students Navigate Identities in School-Based Practice Learning

Abstract In 2020, the social work in schools (SWIS) project was implemented with an initial cohort of fifty-four social work students from an Eastern English university. With the aim of exploring the student experience, we undertook an initial focus group. One unanticipated aspect of these discussions was how black students reflected on their experience of being placed in predominantly white schools, which merited a follow-up focus group to explore this in more depth. Intersectionality underpinned this study as it offered an analytical approach to understand the interconnected identities of black students within the context of schools. Constructivist grounded theory was used to analyse the data, and three categories were identified in understanding experiences of participants: Race and Experiences of Being Placed in Schools; Intersections of Race, Racism, and Acceptance; and Experiences of Learning in Schools. Concepts of belonging, acceptance and racial identity underpin these categories and help us understand black students’ experiences of undertaking SWIS placements. Black students developed their skills, knowledge, self-concept and confidence in schools. Conclusions are drawn highlighting the centrality of harnessing black students’ cultural wealth and knowledge to facilitate positive relationships for learning.