Human Diploid Cell Rabies Vaccine Research Articles

The advent of human diploid cell rabies vaccine: impact on vaccine utilization in New Mexico.

Three months' experience with the newly licensed human diploid cell rabies vaccine in the New Mexico comprehensive consultation-biologics system was reviewed. Comparison with the same period in 1978 and 1979 showed no increase in vaccine utilization despite the advent of this simpler-to-use, safer rabies vaccine. Anti-rabies treatments appear to be minimally influenced by new vaccine technology when a comprehensive consultation system is available to support and guide the private physician.

Clinical experience with a human diploid cell rabies vaccine

Clinical experience with a human diploid cell rabies vaccine

Human diploid cell rabies vaccine: more protection for less risk?

Human diploid cell rabies vaccine: more protection for less risk?

Clinical Experience With a Human Diploid Cell Rabies Vaccine

Between January 1975 and December 1977 the Center for Disease Control treated 255 persons with the human diploid cell strain rabies vaccine who did not have development of an antibody titer to duck embryo vaccine (DEV) or who were at risk for having a serious reaction to DEV. Two hundred eighteen persons were treated postexposure, and 37 persons were treated preexposure. The antibody response to the vaccine was excellent, and the reaction rates were low. No person treated has had development of rabies. This study corroborates other studies that suggest that the human diploid cell strain rabies vaccines are safe and induce excellent antibody titers to rabies.

Human Diploid Cell Rabies Vaccine: More Protection for Less Risk?

It is estimated that animal bites come to medical attention at an annual rate of 1/200 persons. 1 This encounter results in rabies vaccination for 30,000 persons per year. As an infectious diseases consultant, I can certify that the complications and concerns surrounding rabies vaccination are the most frequent problems that are brought to us—as they are to the local, state, or federal epidemiologist. The concern is well based. In 1957, duck embryo vaccine (DEV) was substituted for nerve-tissue—Origin vaccine (Semple type), because the same protection could be gained for a significant decrease in reactions—from neuroparalytic reaction of about 1/2,000 vaccinates to 1/24,400 (twenty-one among 512,000 recipients of DEV 1958-1975). 2 Although this was a 12-fold reduction, the price of rabies protection remained high. The 21 reactions included five cases of transverse myelitis, seven cases of cranial or peripheral neuropathy, and nine cases of encephalopathy. Virtually all recipients of DEV

Responses to human diploid cell rabies vaccine: neutralizing antibody responses of vaccinees receiving booster doses of human diploid cell rabies vaccine.

Rabies neutralizing antibody levels were determined before and after administration of a booster-dose of Wyeth rabies vaccine (WRV) in persons immunized earlier with either duck embryo vaccine (DEV) or with WRV. Virtually all those receiving an initial 3-dose regimen of WRV (0, 7 and 21--28 days) still had neutralizing antibody one year later, but there was a decline in titer from 10--50 IU per ml at 35 days to about 1--3 IU. Only one-half of those receiving DEV as the primary vaccine had even detectable antibody one year later. All volunteers responded anamnestically to a single WRV booster given 8--12 months after either primary vaccine. Those given WRV initially had much higher antibody levels than those given DEV, but after the WRV booster antibody levels in all vaccinees remained high, even one year later.

Successful protection of humans exposed to rabies infection. Postexposure treatment with the new human diploid cell rabies vaccine and antirabies serum

Successful protection of humans exposed to rabies infection. Postexposure treatment with the new human diploid cell rabies vaccine and antirabies serum

Antibody Response to a Human Diploid Cell Rabies Vaccine

An experimentally killed rabies virus vaccine prepared in a human diploid cell strain (WI-38)-Wyeth rabies vaccine (WRV)-was used by various injection schedules in two separate studies to define more closely in human volunteer subjects an effective vaccination schedule for pre- or postexposure immunization, particularly for donors of rabies-hyperimmune plasma. To permit valid comparisons between our results and those of other workers, antibody levels achieved were expressed in terms of international units (IU) per milliliter of serum. Antibody response of previously nonvaccinated persons were only modest after a single dose of WRV, never reaching a level higher than 0.80 IU/ml over a 56-day testing period. Moreover, antibody was not detected at 0.16 IU/ml before the 14th day, either after a single dose or after two doses given 3 days apart. The best response followed four doses of WRV given within 4 weeks. This schedule resulted in the highest rate of seroconversion to the >/=6 IU/ml antibody level required of potential rabies-immune plasma donors. Giving the first vaccine dose in aluminum hydroxide diluent did not enhance the antibody response. There was a definite suggestion in the various injection schedules that higher and more sustained antibody levels were reached when the interval between the first and second vaccine doses was longest. The greater immunogenicity of WRV as compared with duck embryo vaccine was best demonstrated by the fact that a single booster dose of duck embryo vaccine to previously vaccinated individuals resulted in only a sevenfold antibody rise during the following 56 days, whereas a booster dose of WRV elicited a 69-fold rise. Al(OH)(3) in the first dose of WRV had no effect, but the enhancing effect of a longer interval between vaccine doses was noted once again; 20 of 20 subjects who received three doses of WRV with 4 weeks between doses developed good levels of rabies antibody, and 19 exceeded 6 IU/ml.