Rabbit Tongue Research Articles

Muscle Damage and Recovery in the Rabbit Tongue Following Photodynamic Therapy with Haematoporphyrin Derivative

To study the effects of photodynamic therapy on the tissues of the tongue, 20 New Zealand White rabbits were injected intravenously with haematoporphyrin derivative. Their tongues and those of 2 controls were illuminated with 100 J/cm2 of red light from a copper vapour-pumped dye laser emitting light at 625 nm. The rabbits were sacrificed at intervals between 2 days and 12 weeks following treatment. Their tongues were examined histologically. Initially there was marked damage to mucosa, muscle and blood vessels. However, this healed by a mixture of regeneration and scarring.

Nd-YAGレーザーサーミアの家兎舌組織中アラキドン酸代謝に及ぼす影響に関する研究

Nd-YAGレーザーサーミアの家兎舌組織中アラキドン酸代謝に及ぼす影響に関する研究

ＶＸ２癌移植家兎における好中球からのロイコトリエンＢ４遊離と好中球遊走に関する実験的研究

Changes in immunological response to a living body with malignant tumor have a tendency to complicate infection clinically, and constitute a serious problem. Inflammatory reaction, in which neutrophils emigrate first into the acute inflammation region, is thought to reflect on the immunological response.On the other hand, prostaglandins (PGs) are synthesized in many organs, and they have various biological and pharmacological effects. Leukotriene B4 (LTB4), one of the PG related bioregulators, has chemotaxis for neutrophils, which release LTB4 in response to various stimuli.Recently, LTB4 released from neutrophils and neutrophil emigration became possible of detection by means of stimulation by Ca-Ionophore A 23187 and skin window test, respectively.In the present study, changes in the neutrophil function in rabbit having VX2 carcinoma was investigated with these two methods. The results obtained were as follows.1) Two weeks after VX 2 carcinoma transplantation in rabbit tongue, the tumor infiltrated throughout the tongue with necrosis and metastases in cervical lymph nodes and lungs were recognized. At three weeks, rabbits began to feed very little and lose weight rapidly.2) The neutrophil number increased 2.5 times three weeks after transplantation.3) The concentration of calcium in blood of rabbits with cancer decreased significantly at two weeks against controls (p<0.05).4) LTB4, which was separated by stimulating with A 23184 the neutrophiles that had been taken from VX 2 carcinoma rabbits, increased and reached the maximum two weeks after transplantation, which was statistically significant (p<0.001).5) The neutrophil emigration by means of skin window test improved markedly three weeks after transplantation.6) These findings suggested that LTB4 release from neutrophils varied with the growth of VX2 carcinoma and became an immunologial parameter.

Laserthermia on Head and Neck Malignancies— Experimental and Clinical Studies

In recent years, remarkable progress has been made in thermotherapy. However, there is little information on localized laser hyperthermia (laserthermia) or on conventional hyperthermia technique applied to head and neck cancers. We have developed a ceramic probe to insert into tumor tissue and irradiate the Nd:YAG laser omnidirectionally. This probe can heat a spherical range of 1.5 cm to 43 degrees C. This paper concerns experimental and clinical studies on the effectiveness of laserthermia using our technique in the tumor of head and neck regions. The results obtained were as follows: histological findings and biochemical studies of arachidonic acid metabolites on normal rabbit tongue after laserthermia showed very slight effect and relatively short duration of the concomitant inflammation. The combination of laserthermia and CDDP chemotherapy was found to give a much better cytocidal effect on the tumor tissue in nude mice implanted with human thyroid cancer cells. In a clinical study on 21 cases with head and neck cancers, four cases showed complete and 13 cases showed partial remission after combined treatments of laserthermia and radiochemotherapy. Both basic experimental and clinical results have indicated a role for laserthermia in the treatment of head and neck cancer. Possible uses include the treatment of early cancer as well as advanced or recurrent cancer, where its therapeutic effect may be increased by combination with radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

Differences in Epithelial Responses of Rabbit Tongue to KCl and NaCla

Differences in Epithelial Responses of Rabbit Tongue to KCl and NaCl^a

炭酸ガスレーザー照射による家ウサギ舌組織の変化に関する基礎的研究

A 2 mm spot size focused beam from a continuous wave surgical carbon dioxide laser with diameter, integrated with an operating microscope was used to evaporate the normal dorsal surfaces of rabbit tongues under different conditions. The immediate effects of irradiation with carbon dioxide laser on the dorsal surface of the tongue were studied macroscopically and microscopically, and wound healing was examined microscopically, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 days after he laser irradiation. The results were as follows.1) The immediate change induced by a focused beam carbon dioxide laser was characterized by white coloration on the targetarea up to a laser emission of 1 Joul and by tissue defect formation when emission exceeded 2 Joul.2) Tissue defect was characterized by a cone shape, and the floor of the defective was portion was slightly elevated at its center in some cases. The margin of the defective portion was slightly elevated over surrounding normal tissue.3) The depth of tissue defect varied with output power and irradiation time. In the same output power, the depth of tissue defect was directly proportional to irradiation time.4) Microscopic findings immediately after the laser irradiation varied with irradiation conditions. At 5 watts 0.1·0.2·0.5 second and 10 watts 0.1 second laser irradiations, tissue damage was only seen at the prickle-cell layer of the mucosal epithelium and the basal layer was not damaged. At 5 watts·1.0 second, 10 watts·O.2 second, 15 watts·O.1·0.2 second and 20 watts 0.1 second laser irradiations, tissue damage was seen beyond the basement membrane and in the submucosal layer, but the muscle layer was not damaged. At 10 watts 0.5·1.0 second, 15 watts·0.5·1.0 second and 20 watts·0.2·0.5·1.0 second laser irradiations, the muscle layer was damaged.5) Wound healing differed according to the depth of tissue damage immediately after the laser irradiation mentioned above. Wound healing was fast and finished within 7 days after the laser irradiation in the group that tissue damage was limited only to the prickle-cell layer of the mucosal epithelium. In the group that tissue damage was seen beyond the basement membrane and in the submucosal layer, and did not extend to the muscle layer, wound healing finished within 14 days after laser irradiation, but in the group that tissue damage extended to the muscle layer, 21 days were necessary to complete wound healing.From these results, it is speculated that the carbon dioxide laser will be effective to remove superficial lesions of the oral mucosa and of benefit to oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Isolation of taste buds from the foliate papillae of the rabbit.

A method to isolate taste buds from the foliate papillae of the rabbit tongue is described. The method comprises (a) separation of the epidermis from the dermal layer after treatment with dilute acetic acid, and (b) mechanical removal of the taste buds from the epithelium with the use of a surgical needle. The procedure yields taste buds that are morphologically well preserved, and in quantities sufficient to enable a detailed biochemical characterization. Preliminary tests have shown the taste buds to have biochemical properties clearly distinct from those of the adjacent epithelium. The method may provide a basis for studying the molecular mechanism of taste perception in greater detail.

Experimental Hemiglossectomy with An Argon Laser on Tongues from Dead Humans and of Live Rabbits

On 8 tongues of decreased humans and 2 live rabbit tongues, drilling and incision experiments were performed using an argon laser. With a power of 50 W a hemiglossectomy was performed in 3-4 min. The average thickness of the tongue was 2 cm and the incision length 10 cm. It was shown on the liver rabbit tongue that no bleeding occurs during a partial hemiglossectomy except at the arteria lingualis. The macroscopical and histological changes of the tissue are described, viz, the carbonization zones, the irreparable cell damage and the coagulation and the hyperaemic edge. The cutting speeds and the incision and drilling data for tongues of varying thickness provide information on the technical conditions for clinical application. In addition, temperatures in the tissue during incision were recorded. The advantages of laser surgery of the tongue are compared with those achieved with the electric knife and scalpel.

Pharmaco-histochemical studies on a specific monoamine in the gustatory epithelia of the rabbit.

The foliate, vallate and fungiform papillae of the rabbit's tongue were studied fluorescence-histochemically under normal and experimental conditions. In normal animals a yellow fluorescence suggesting the presence of a serotonin-like monoamine was demonstrated only in taste bud cells of the foliate papilla, though its intensity was very weak. The fluorescence disappeared completely following reserpine treatment, while it was significantly enhanced by the treatment with nialamide. The fluorescence of taste bud cells could be clearly distinguished from that of catecholamines by the treatment with alpha-MMT followed by nialamide. When 5-HTP, 5-HT and 5,6-DHT were administered separately, each of these drugs was selectively taken up in taste bud cells of the foliate and vallate papillae, but no fluorescent cells were observed in the fungiform papilla. From the present results, it seems reasonable to conclude that the fluorigenic amine of taste bud cells may be 5-HT (serotonin), or at least an indoleamine derivative. Also, it is suggested that the taste bud of the vallate papilla contains a cell type which can potentially synthesize a biogenic amine in situ, or is actually synthesizing it in a very small amount just like in the case of the taste bud of the foliate one.

Scanning electron microscopic observations on the taste pores and taste hairs in rabbit gustatory papillae.

The taste pores and taste hairs of the papillae foliatae and circumvallatae in the rabbit's tongue were observed under the scanning electron microscope. The animals were perfused with buffered glutaraldehyde through the A. carotis communis and the papillae were post-fixed with buffered osmium tetroxide.1. The taste pores were distributed more frequently on the top of the undulating epithelial surface lining the papilla groove, and opened in the form of circular crater with a relatively uniform diameter.2. Each pore was surrounded by 3 to 5 cell bodies arranged side by side to form a ring.3. Two types of taste hairs were found: the one occupied the major part of the pore and corresponded to the common taste hairs or microvilli in its size and shape and its location in the pore, while the other was a club-like projection, only one to three in number, and it extended out of the free margin of the pore an unusually long and thick stem with its top generrally swollen.4. Development of the hairs in papillae circumvallatae was not so conspicuous as in papillae foliatae and the occurrence of the club-like projection was correspondingly very seldom.5. The club-like projection is considered to correspond to the ending of the dark cell or type III cell which MURRAY and MURRAY et al. have reported with sectional views by transmission electron microscopy.

Histochemical studies on the distribution of enzymes concerned with carbohydrate metabolism in rabbit and squirrel monkey tongue (with special reference to taste buds).

Histochemical studies on the distribution of enzymes concerned with carbohydrate metabolism in rabbit and squirrel monkey tongue (with special reference to taste buds).

GLYCOGEN SYNTHETASE IN THE RABBIT TONGUE AND UTERUS.

AbstractUDPG‐glycogen synthetase was studied in the uterus of ovariectomized and ovariectomized‐hormone treated rabbits and in the tongue. Following the biochemical technic of Leloir and Goldenberg it was not possible to demonstrate the enzyme in the uterus of the ovariectomized or ovariectomized treated animals. However, in the tongue the enzyme was present. The data from this study along with previous histochemical studies indicates that the glycogen in the uterine muscle is not synthesized through the UPDG pathway, but is synthesized from G‐1‐P by the action of phosphorylase. Since UDPG‐glycogen synthetase can be demonstrated in the tongue a difference seems to exist in glycogen synthesis between the smooth muscle of the uterus and skeletal muscle of the tongue.