Rabbit Snout Research Articles

Septoplasty retards midfacial growth in a rabbit model

Septoplasty in the prepubertal age group is a controversial operation because of concerns regarding retardation of subsequent midfacial growth. This study uses a validated rabbit snout model to determine if septoplasty results in midfacial growth retardation, and if the retardation can be averted by replacing resected cartilage with a porous polyethylene implant. Prospective controlled animal study. Sixteen 9-week-old New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups: two control and two experimental. The experimental groups both underwent conservative submucoperichondrial surgical excision of a portion of their septum, leaving a generous dorsal and caudal septal strut for nasal support similar to what would be done clinically in humans. One of the experimental groups had replacement of the resected area by a rigid porous polyethylene graft, and in the other experimental group the resected area was left empty. Cephalometric measurements were performed on radiographs taken at the time of implantation, and at sacrifice when the rabbits were mature at 24 weeks of age. There were significant disturbances in snout growth between experimental and control groups, and no significant differences between the two experimental groups or between the two control groups. These data demonstrate midfacial growth retardation after conservative septoplasty in young rabbits, and that this retardation could not be averted by replacing the resected cartilage with a porous polyethylene graft. These data are in agreement with human studies.

Some Factors Related to Experimental Snout Growth

This is a review and synthesis of several different studies over a 25-year period on growth of the rabbit snout. Included are growth of the nasal bone region, cellular activity of the cartilaginous nasal septum, growth at the frontonasal suture, growth of the snout after resection of the frontonasal suture, and growth of the snout after resection of the cartilaginous nasal septum in both young and adult rabbits. Each experiment contributed different knowledge to factors important in rabbit snout growth. The frontonasal suture is a site of rapid growth, as much as 1 cm in 4 weeks. However, after extirpation of the frontonasal suture, growth of the snout was not altered. Therefore, it was concluded that the frontonasal suture is a secondary and not a primary site of growth. After resection of the cartilaginous nasal septum in young rabbits, the snout became snubbed. This was not true in the adult rabbit, which maintained its usual length after resection of the nasal septum.

Craniofacial Onlay Bone Grafting

A prospective study using 46 young adult New Zealand rabbits was designed to evaluate onlay bone grafts to the craniofacial skeleton with respect to embryonic origin (membranous or endochondral), gross morphology (unicortical or bicortical), and orientation (cortex-to-bed relationship). Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed and contrasted at both periods of evaluation (1.5 and 3.0 months). The embryonic origin of onlay bone grafts to the rabbit snout is significantly correlated with graft surface area, volume, weight, and recipient bed union for up to 3 months postoperatively. Over this interval, membranous bone (calvaria) grafts either persist in their entirety or increase, whereas endochondral bone (iliac) grafts resorb. Neither the number of cortices (unicortical or bicortical) nor the orientation of unicortical grafts (cortex-to-bed relationship) affected graft fate regardless of embryonic origin. Bone density remained unaltered during both resorption and deposition. Osteogenesis, demonstrated by serial fluorochrome markers, occurs in both membranous and endochondral bone grafts. Histologically, bone grafts of membranous and endochondral origin differ greatly in their cortical to cancellous diploe ratios and architectural configuration. We hypothesize that the differences found are related to the three-dimensional osseous architecture rather than to the embryonic origin of bone per se.

Bone graft survival in expanded skin.

The effect of tissue expansion on iliac bone graft (onlay) survival was studied on the skulls of 35 New Zealand white rabbits. Wet bone weights at the time of grafting and at sacrifice in control animals (group I) were compared to three experimental groups. Histologic sections of the developing and resolving pseudosheath and skin envelope were performed. A self-inflating 5-mil-thick silicone expander was used for soft-tissue expansion over the rabbit snout. Bone grafts were subsequently placed in this site. Elliptical snout excision without expansion (group II) demonstrated no statistically significant difference in bone graft survival when compared to controls (group I) (p = 0.350). Full tissue expansion followed by immediate bone grafting (group III) within the pseudosheath cavity likewise demonstrated no statistically significant difference in bone graft survival when compared to controls (group I) (p = 0.500); however, when full tissue expansion was followed by delayed (2 weeks) bone grafting to allow for resolution of the giant cell inflammatory reaction of the pseudosheath (group IV), a statistically significant increased bone graft survival was achieved (p less than 0.001). The study demonstrates that the increased vascularity in the pseudosheath and in the expanded soft-tissue envelope significantly increased bone graft survival only when bone grafting was delayed.

The influence of nasal osteotomies and septum surgery on the growth of the rabbit snout

The influence of nasal osteotomies and septum surgery on the growth of the rabbit snout

OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGICAL RESEARCH SOCIETY (ORS)

Clinical Otolaryngology & Allied SciencesVolume 7, Issue 2 p. 133-140 OTO-RHINO-LARYNGOLOGICAL RESEARCH SOCIETY (ORS) First published: April 1982 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2273.1982.tb01572.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Abstract Inferior colliculus potentials evoked by electrical stimulation of the cochlear nerve in deafness mice, Frank M.P., Steel K.P. & Bock G.R. Hearing in acromegaly, Doig J. A. & Gatehouse S. Sound transmission studies with human temporal bone, Ramirez-Garcia E.A., * Lang W., Courtney J.M., Gundersen J. & Paul J.P. Histopathology of retraction pockets of the tympanic membrane in relation to the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma, Wells M. & Michaels L. Allograft dura mater myringoplasty, Frootko N.J., Ting A. & Fabre J. W. Grommets and glue ear: a 10 year follow up of a control trial, Miller J. J., Wilson F. & Richards S. H. The influence of nasal osteotomies and septal surgery on the rabbit snout, Rhys Evans P. H. & Brain D. J. The effect of chronic nasal obstruction on the growth of the upper jaw, Ramadan M. F. & Stell P. M. Inverted papilloma of the nose and paranasal sinuses, Lubson H. Snow G. B. & Donner R. Objective speech tests, do they reflect conversational speech?, Bradley P. J. & Stell P. M. The tracheotomy stoma and its effect on mucociliary clearance and histology, Brown P. M. Bacteriology of different activity states of chronic otitis media, Picozzi G.L. Sweeney G. Browning G.G. Calder I. Controlled trial of medical treatment of active chronic otitis media, Picozzi C.L. Calder I. Browning G.G. Sweeney G. Evaluation of microbial pathogens and patients at greatest risk of infection in head and neck surgery, Raine C.H. Bartzokas C.A. Corkill J.E. Li L.K.C. Stell P.M. Squamous papillomas of the larynx in adults: a review of 63 cases, Capper J.W.R. Bailey C.M. Michaels L. The factors affecting lymph node metastases in oral and oropharyngeal squamous carcinoma, Neal G.D. Marks N.J. Hibbert J. Shaheen O.H. The effects of recurrent tonsillitis on growth and cervical lymphadenopathy in children, Hibbert J. Palpable cervical lymph nodes in the assessment of patients for tonsillectomy, Tucker A.G. Raine C.H. Rogers J. Volume7, Issue2April 1982Pages 133-140 RelatedInformation

The influence of nasal osteotomies and septum surgery on the growth of the rabbit snout.

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.

The effect of split thickness skin grafts on bone growth

The forces of contraction of split thickness skin grafts applied directly to the periosteal surface of membrane bone of the rabbit snout and cranium causes an inhibition of bone growth. This inhibition was measured at the centre of the grafted area.

Rabbit snout growth after resection of central linear segments of nasal septal cartilage.

Central sections, ranging in width from 3 to 6 mm and in length from 9 to 15 mm were removed from the cartilaginous nasal septum in 21-day-old rabbits. Within six weeks postoperatively a lack of forward growth of the upper face and malocclusion of the incisors were noted. The postoperative survival was 16 weeks. Postmortem gross findings revealed that in the experimental animals the snout was shorter and smaller with a relative mandibular prognathism. The nasal and premaxillary bones were shorter and the nasal cavity and piriform aperture were smaller than in the control animals. After the central continuity of the septal cartilage had been interrupted, there was a dissipation of the interstitial growth force expressed in part in the overlapping of the margins and in the lessened dorsal and forward growth of the snout. A relationship exists between the site and amount of cartilaginous nasal septum resected and the location and extent of the ensuing growth arrest of the snout.

RABBIT SNOUT GROWTH AFTER DISLOCATION OF NASAL SEPTUM.

<h3>Introduction and Purpose</h3> Any interference which will affect growth centers of bones will alter the orderly progression of development and will result in faulty growth. The degree of the subsequent deformity will depend not only upon the type, intensity, extent, and chronology of the noxious agent, but also upon the site and its particular susceptibility and growth activity. Thus, effects of trauma to different sites of growth of bones may be quite variable. It has been demonstrated that areas of cartilaginous growth are more susceptible to trauma than those of sutural growth.¹ The relationship of trauma to development of the nose and related structures is of clinical importance. In a previous experiment on young growing rabbits, varying amounts were extirpated of the septovomeral joint, the cartilaginous nasal septum, vomer, and maxillary process of the premaxilla.²Severe alterations of growth were noted. The snout was shorter, broader, and angulated

Rabbit snout growth. Effect of injury to septovomeral region.

Introduction and Review of Literature The septovomeral region is considered an important growth center of the nose and adjacent facial structures. 1-4 The purpose of this experiment was to study the effects of injury to the septovomeral region upon the growth of the rabbit snout. Different degrees of injury were imposed by extirpating varying amounts of the septovomeral joint, caudal portion of the cartilaginous nasal septum, vomer, and maxillary process of the premaxilla. Fisk, 5 in 1858, removed a portion of the septum through a trephine opening of the nasal bones in growing dogs, cats, pigs, and goats. At autopsy, he found that the hard palate was markedly shortened anteroposteriorly. He concluded that growth of the hard palate was dependent upon the growth of the nasal septum. Landsberger, 6 in 1929, resected in part the anterior portion of the septum in dogs 2 weeks of age. After 6 months, the

Growth of the rabbit snout after extirpation of the frontonasal suture: a gross and serial roentgenographic study by means of metallic implants.

Growth of the rabbit snout after extirpation of the frontonasal suture: a gross and serial roentgenographic study by means of metallic implants.

Sutural bone growth of the rabbit snout; a gross and serial roentgenographic study by means of metallic implants.

American Journal of AnatomyVolume 97, Issue 3 p. 395-408 Article Sutural bone growth of the rabbit snout. A gross and serial roentgenographic study by means of metallic implants† Abbe J. Selman, Abbe J. Selman Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, and the Department of Surgery (Division of Plastic Surgery), College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this authorBernard G. Sarnat, Bernard G. Sarnat Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, and the Department of Surgery (Division of Plastic Surgery), College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this author Abbe J. Selman, Abbe J. Selman Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, and the Department of Surgery (Division of Plastic Surgery), College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this authorBernard G. Sarnat, Bernard G. Sarnat Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, and the Department of Surgery (Division of Plastic Surgery), College of Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, IllinoisSearch for more papers by this author First published: November 1955 https://doi.org/10.1002/aja.1000970303Citations: 33 † This investigation was supported in part by a research grant from the National Institutes of Health, United States Public Health Service, and by a grant from the Graduate College Research Board of the University of Illinois. AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat Citing Literature Volume97, Issue3November 1955Pages 395-408 RelatedInformation

Growth of the rabbit snout after extirpation of the frontonasal suture: By Abbe J. Selman and Bernard G. Sarnat, University of Illinois, College of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chicago, Ill.

Growth of the rabbit snout after extirpation of the frontonasal suture: By Abbe J. Selman and Bernard G. Sarnat, University of Illinois, College of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Chicago, Ill.