Rabbit Hair Research Articles

Self-powered temperature-changing system driven by wind energy

Research on outdoor, mobile, and self-powered temperature-control devices has always been highly regarded. These devices can reduce energy consumption for cooling and heating, and they have broad market prospects. On this basis, a rotary disc-shaped triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) with a maximum open-circuit voltage of 6913 V, a maximum short-circuit current of 85 μA, and a maximum transferred charge of 1.3 μC was prepared. We synthesized a ferroelectric ceramic composed of 0.15PbTiO3–0.85PbSc0.5Ta0.5O3 (0.15PT–0.85PST), which exhibited excellent electrothermal effects at room temperature. By quenching, the electrothermal effect (Δ\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$\\Delta$$\\end{document}Tmax) and energy harvesting properties of the device were 1.574 K and 0.542 J/cm3, respectively. Then, for the first time, we proposed a self-powered temperature quantification control system with a rotary disc-shaped TENG. This device effectively harnessed wind and water energy, in addition to other types of energy. The system consisted of energy collecting cups, a rotating disc-shaped FEP–rabbit fur TENG, a circuit management module, and a ferroelectric ceramic chip array. Through the circuit management module, the system converted external wind energy into a high-voltage electric field at the two ends of the 0.15PT–0.85PST ceramic chip to fully stimulate the electrothermal effect. At a speed of 200 rpm, the temperature change in the insulated cup within 276 s was 0.49 K, and the volume of the insulated cup was 300 times greater than that of the 0.15PT–0.85PST ceramic chip. Compared with the results reported in previous work, the cooling and heating times were both reduced by 31%, and the temperature changes for both cooling and heating increased by 81%. Moreover, the heating and cooling temperatures of the device optimized on this basis were increased to 1.19 K and 0.93 K, respectively. The great improvement in the temperature variation performance confirmed the great potential of the device for commercialization. This research could serve as a reference for reducing energy consumption for cooling and heating, and it meets the international energy policies of carbon dioxide emission peaking and carbon neutrality.

Durable Multilayered Sleeve-Structured Hybrid Nanogenerator for Efficient Water Wave Energy Harvesting.

The state-of-the-art triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology has numerous advantages and creates new prospects for the rapid development of the Internet of Things (IoT) in marine environments. Here, to accelerate the application process of TENG, an elaborately designed multilayered sleeve-structured hybrid nanogenerator (M-HNG) is developed to efficiently and persistently harvest marine energy. The M-HNG integrates an electromagnetic nanogenerator (EMG) with four coils and a multilayered sleeve-structured TENG (MS-TENG) with three freestanding layer units to increase spatial utilization efficiency. Moreover, rabbit fur strips are introduced to enhance the output performance and strengthen the durability of TENG. Therefore, the MS-TENG has high durability due to its soft-contact structure, maintaining its performance even after 240,000 cycles. When a 1000 μF capacitor is charged by M-HNG utilizing a power management circuit (PMC), the stored energy is increased from 2.62 mJ to 140.11 mJ, representing a significant improvement of 52-fold. The M-HNG triggered by water waves has successfully powered various small electronic devices, including 1200 LED lights, nine thermo-hygrometers, a water quality testing pen, and water level alarms. The proposed M-HNG effectively harvests low-frequency water wave energy, introducing an innovative concept for constructing a hybrid TENG with enhanced density and durability.

A high-efficiency, self-sustainable livestock barn air purification system

In the context of livestock farming, controlling dust within barns is vital for maintaining animal respiratory health, equipment longevity, and production efficiency. To address the challenges posed by high dust concentrations, ventilation systems with air filters and humidity controls have been introduced. However, their widespread adoption on family farms is hindered by their high costs, substantial energy consumption, and labor-intensive maintenance. To address this pressing issue, we propose a self-powered air purification system (SAPS) based on a wind-driven soft-contact triboelectric nanogenerator (SC-TENG), specifically tailored for deployment within livestock barns. Leveraging the low wear and strong charge-donating properties of rabbit hair as the triboelectric material, the SC-TENG efficiently harnesses low-speed wind energy near the ground, consistently generating a high voltage of ∼3000 V. Consequently, the SAPS achieves a maximum dust removal efficiency 30.3% higher than natural settling, demonstrating exceptional performance in dust collection. Additionally, SAPS exhibits notable sensitivity to fine particulate matter, covering a particle size range from 0.01 to 1 μm. This innovative approach holds significant promise in addressing dust-related challenges in livestock farming, offering a cost-effective and energy-efficient solution that is adaptable particularly for small family farms.

Formaldehyde degradation by soft-sliding-electrification-induced air ionization

Formaldehyde (HCHO), a highly toxic and carcinogenic gas, is the most common indoor air pollutant and a threat to human health. Developing simple and effective technological routes to achieve sustainable degradation of HCHO has become a common goal. In this work, we reported a self-powered air-ionized HCHO degradation system based on a soft-sliding freestanding mode triboelectric nanogenerator (SSF-TENG). The sliding-electrification process between soft rabbit fur and a robust PTFE film enables the generation of electrical outputs of up to ten thousand volts that can trigger air breakdown. The generated O3, ·OH and other highly oxidizing substances could degrade HCHO into CO2 and H2O. Through a standard ball gap platform based on two hollow Cu balls, the voltage of air discharge was measured to be between 11.2 kV and 14.4 kV. For demonstration, the SSF-TENG was applied to two parallel disk-shaped Cu electrodes to continuously breakdown the air with a peak discharge current of 6 mA. The system can produce a maximum O3 concentration of 1.2 ppm within 50 minutes. Moreover, the HCHO concentration can be reduced from 1.6 ppm to 0 within 20 minutes, and the degradation speed reaches 0.08 ppm/min. This work highlights the application of triboelectric microplasma in pollutant removal, which has great potential in self-powered environmental purification.

Cable Cross‐Tie Triboelectric‐Electromagnetic Hybrid Generator Triggered by Vibrations in Bridge Cables

AbstractBridge cables exhibit low damping characteristics and are susceptible to external excitations, leading to random vibrations. Therefore, a cable cross‐tie triboelectric‐electromagnetic hybrid generator triggered by vibrations in bridge cables (CCT‐TEHG) is proposed. The CCT‐TEHG enhances the natural frequency of the cables by connecting adjacent cables, thereby preventing low‐frequency resonance. The device connects adjacent bridge cables to increase the natural frequency, preventing low‐frequency resonance. Comprising triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) and electromagnetic generators (EMG), the CCT‐TEHG effectively broadens the frequency range for energy harvesting, capturing vibrational energy from bridge cables in cable‐stayed bridges. The TENG module in CCT‐TEHG features a soft‐contact design, incorporating rabbit fur to supplement charges and enhance output density. This design also avoids direct material contact between generator units, improving operational durability. The experimental results show that the maximum output voltage and current of the TENG and EMG modules can respectively reach up to 270 V, 13 V, and 5.2 µA, 18 mA, and peak power to 2.04 mW, 10 mW. The CCT‐TEHG can function as a power source, sufficient to power 303 light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) or a 20 mW temperature and humidity sensor. Therefore, CCT‐TEHG has good application prospects in the field of bridge cable vibration energy harvest.

The Effectiveness Test Of Natural Hair Growth Tonic: Avemor (Aloe Vera And Moringa Oleifera) For Thickening Hair And Anti-Licknes

Avemor (Aloe vera and Moringa oleifera) is a natural hair growth tonic manufactured with a combination of aloe vera gel and dried moringa leaf extract as its active ingredients. Aloe vera includes a variety of vitamins and minerals, including vitamins A and C, amino acids, copper, inositol, and others. The extract from moringa leaves also includes tanins, vital amino acids, vitamin C, vitamin E, and other nutrients. One of the products with 2% minoxidil is employed as a positive control. Several hair diseases are treated off-label with the powerful arteriol vasoconstrictor minoxidil, which can also promote hair growth. In order to determine the effectiveness of Natural Hair Growth Tonic, tests were done on male New Zealand white rabbit hair. Avemor (Aloe vera and Moringa oleifera) is one of the products containing 2% minoxidil, with variations in the content of dried moringa leaf extracts of 2%, 4%, and 6% in comparison to the positive control. On the backs of five rabbits, six test regions were created, and each area received a different treatment every day using a sample volume of 0.5 ml. Results of the Natural Hair Growth Tonic's physical evaluation: Avemor (Aloe vera and Moringa oleifera) has a liquid shape, a distinct aroma, a pH of 6, and is homogeneous with the yellow-golden color of the formulae 1 and 2 as well as the golden brown in the formula 3. It also varies in the concentration of the dried moringa leaf extracts. Formula 4 (negative control) has the appearance of a liquid, is dazzling white in color, and emits a distinct odor. Additionally, formula 5 (positive control) has a liquid-like consistency, a vivid yellowish color, and a distinguishable scent. The average reserve viscosity for formula 1 was 2.96 ± 0.14 cPs, for formula 2 it was 2.99 ± 0.10 cPs, and for formula 3 it was 4.05 ± 0.07 cPs. Formula 4 (negative control) had a value 2.96 ± 0.10 cPs, and formula 5 (positive control) had a value of 1.82 ± 0.03 cPs. The average result of rabbit hair growth on the seventh day for treatment 1 is 0.22 ± 0.17 cm, treatment 2 is 0.30 ± 0.23 cm, treatment 3 is 0.42 ± 0.42 cm, treatment 4 is 0.58 ± 0.47 cm, treatment 5 is 0.68 ± 0.36 cm, and treatment 6 is 0.90 ± 0.42 cm. On the 14th day of treatment 1, the average result of rabbit hair growth was 0.43 ± 0.06 cm; on the same day, treatment 2, 0.27± 0.18 cm; on the same day, treatment 3, 0.42 ± 0.33 cm; on the same day, treatment 4, 0.77 ± 0.22 cm; on the same day, treatment 5, 0.28 ± 0.24 cm; and on the same day, treatment 6, 0.43 ± 0.38 cm. The average length of rabbit hair on the 21st day for treatment 1 was 0.43 ± 0.26 cm, for treatment 2 was 0.73 ± 0.19 cm, for treatment 3 was 0.32 ± 0.23 cm, for treatment 4 was 0.48 ± 0.31 cm, for treatment 5 was 0.13 ± 0.17 cm, and for treatment 6 was 0,43 ± 0.30 cm.

P-doped W2C nanoparticles for hydrogen evolution reaction powered by a wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerator

Green hydrogen serves as a pivotal energy carrier in the pursuit of carbon neutrality; however, its production is constrained by costly catalysts and bulky power supply. Herein, we demonstrated P-doped W2C nanoparticles anchored on graphene (P @ W2C-C) as an efficient electrocatalyst for the hydrogen evolution reaction, powered by a wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). With an overpotential of just 179 mV and a Tafel slope of 87.8 mV dec−1, P @ W2C-C aligned well with the low power output of TENG. The TENG, utilizing rabbit hair and fluoroethylene propylene (FEP) as fraction materials, achieved a power density of 1.58 W m−2 by harnessing the kinetic energy of low-frequency wind. For demonstration, a hydrogen production rate of 64.5 μL min−1 and a self-awake hydrogen leakage alarm system were successfully realized. Moreover, the hydrogen production cost of this system was approximately 1.0 US$ kg−1 H2, where the levelized cost of energy constituted two-thirds of this expense and the remaining one-third was due to the electrolysis process. The synergistic integration of TENG and P @ W2C-C has opened a promising avenue for the high-efficiency and low-cost production of green hydrogen.

A wave energy driven high-performance self-powered oil spill positioner

The oil spill positioner is capable of real-time monitoring oil films on the sea surface. However, the lack of high-performance power supply methods greatly restricts the application of oil spill positioner. In this research, we design a high-performance self-powered oil spill positioner based on a soft-contact-triboelectric-nanogenerator (SC-TENG). This device achieves soft-contact by attaching rabbit fur to the rotor, which can effectively reduce frictional resistance, quickly transfer charge to the electrode, and improve the durability of the parts. First, we calculate the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) molecules through first-principles simulations, and compared the ease of electron excitation between the two materials. The results show that the performance of SC-TENG with PVDF as dielectric material is significantly better than that of PTFE. At the same time, this phenomenon has been confirmed by experiments. On the basis of experimental and simulate research on two types of power management circuits, a bridge rectifier circuit with the function of converting alternating current to direct current is selected to realize the self-power supply of the oil spill positioner. Additionally, by optimizing the structure of the SC-TENG and employing a bridge rectifier circuit, the SC-TENG can achieve a maximum open-circuit voltage of 1400 V and a short-circuit current of 3.49 μA, which are enough to light up 200 light-emitting diodes and power the oil spill positioner. Finally, we simulate the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of the SC-TENG on a six-degree-of-freedom platform and test its durability under real-world ocean wave conditions, all of which show excellent performance. This work develops an efficient wave energy conversion mechanism and successfully realizes the high-performance self-powering of the oil spill positioner, making oil spill monitoring more flexible and reliable.

Optimization of artificial membrane feeding system for lone star ticks, Amblyomma americanum (Acari: Ixodidae), and experimental infection with Rickettsia amblyommatis (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae).

With the introduction of siliconized artificial membranes, various artificial feeding systems (AFS) for hard ticks (Ixodidae) have been developed over the last decades. Most AFS utilize similar core components but employ diverse approaches, materials, and experimental conditions. Published work describes different combinations of the core components without experimental optimizations for the artificial feeding of different tick species. Amblyomma americanum L., (Acari: Ixodidae) (lone star tick) is a known vector and reservoir for diverse tick-borne pathogens, such as Rickettsia amblyommatis and Ehrlichia chaffeensis. Ongoing environmental changes have supported the expansion of A. americanum into new habitats, contributing to increased tick-borne diseases in endemic areas. However, a significant knowledge gap exists in understanding the underlying mechanisms involved in A. americanum interactions with tick-borne pathogens. Here, we performed a systematic analysis and developed an optimized AFS for nymphal lone star ticks. Our results demonstrate that Goldbeater's membranes, rabbit hair, hair extract, and adult lone star ticks significantly improved the attachment rate of nymphal ticks, whereas tick frass and frass extract did not. With the optimized conditions, we achieved an attachment rate of 46 ± 3% and a success rate of 100% (i.e., one or more attached ticks) in each feeding experiment for nymphal lone star ticks. When fed on sheep blood spiked with R. amblyommatis, both nymphal and adult lone star ticks acquired and maintained R. amblyommatis, demonstrating the feasibility of studying A. americanum-pathogen interactions using AFS. Our study can serve as a roadmap to optimize and improve AFS for other medically relevant tick species.

Identification of N6-Methyladenosine-Related Factors and the Prediction of the Regulatory Mechanism of Hair Follicle Development in Rex and Hycole Rabbits.

Hair follicle development directly affects the development of the rabbit fur industry. The growth and development of a hair follicle is modified and regulated by many genes and mechanisms. M6A is an important RNA modification. However, there are few studies on the effects of the regulation of m6A on hair follicle growth and development. In this study, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to explore the difference in hair follicle development between Rex rabbits and Hycole rabbits, and we performed m6A sequencing to identify the key genes with m6A modification in hair follicle growth. The results showed that the hair length, coarse hair percentage, primary hair follicle ratio, and skin thickness of Hycole rabbits were significantly higher than those of Rex rabbits. However, the proportion of secondary hair follicles in Hycole rabbits was significantly lower than that in Rex rabbits. In addition, we found five differential methylases, 20 differential genes, and 24 differential signaling pathways related to hair growth and development. The results of the Sankey diagram showed that 12 genes were related to 13 signal pathways. Finally, we found that five methylases regulated the development of hair follicles through differential genes/signal pathways. These findings laid a molecular foundation for the function of m6A modification in hair development.

ChIP-Seq analysis reveals PRKACB as a target gene of HOXC13 involved in rabbit hair follicle development

Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are key regulators of hair follicle (HF) development and growth, which not only regulate HF growth and cycling but play a role in the pathogenesis of hair loss. The transcription factor Homeobox C13 (HOXC13) can modulate the growth and development of HFs. Nevertheless, the specific genes and pathways regulated by HOXC13 in DPCs have yet to be determined. Thus, to gain a better understanding of genomic binding sites involved in HOXC13-regulated HF development, chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high throughput sequencing (ChIP-Seq) was performed on rabbit DPCs with pcDNA3.1–3 × Flag-HOXC13 overexpression. A complete set of 9670 enrichment peaks was acquired by applying HOXC13-Flag ChIP. Subsequently, the peak sequence was annotated to the rabbit genome, revealing that 6.1 % of the peaks were identified within in the promoter region. Thereafter, five annotated genes were verified using RT-qPCR. The peak-associated genes were mainly enriched in signaling pathways related to HF development, such as MAPK and PI3K-Akt. Furthermore, by using a dual-luciferase reporter assay, we found that HOXC13 can target the protein kinase cAMP‑dependent catalytic β (PRKACB) promoter region (-1596 ∼ -1107 bp) and inhibit its transcription, which was consistent with data obtained from ChIP-seq analysis. Overexpression of PRKACB gene significantly modulated the expression of BCL2, WNT2, LEF1, and SFRP2 genes related to HF development as determined by RT-qPCR (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). The CCK-8 and flow cytometry assays showed that PRKACB significantly inhibited the proliferation of DPCs and promoted apoptosis (P < 0.01). In conclusion, our research revealed that PRKACB has the potential to serve as a novel target gene of HOXC13, contributing to the regulation of the proliferation and apoptosis of DPCs. The process of identifying global target genes can contribute to the understanding of the intricate pathways that HOXC13 regulates in the growth of HFs.

Evaluation of the Hairballs in the Gastrointestinal Tract and Urinary Stones in Razi Institute Laboratory Rabbits

Background: Usually, the daily self-grooming by rabbits leads to fur accumulation in the animal’s stomach. Since rabbit hair is looser than other animals and constantly licks their body, the fur can be pulled out easily. On the other hand, rabbits are susceptible to urinary stone formation. Objectives: This study was designed to investigate the presence of hairballs and urinary stones in Razi Institute Laboratory rabbits. Methods: During the 1 year, the albino Dutch laboratory rabbit colony, in research, breeding, and production of the Laboratory Animals Department of Razi Institute, including 106 males, 287 females, and 166 kittens, were monitored. After the necropsy of the selected animals, the gastrointestinal tract (stomach and intestines) were examined for the presence of hair and hairballs. Then the urinary system (kidneys, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra) was examined for any urinary stones. Results: No symptoms of anorexia, lethargy, abdominal pain, weight loss, decrease and abnormal stools were observed in them, and also no mortality occurred in the whole colony. All samples’ stomach was full, indicating enough eating. No gas or congested spots, or hemorrhage were observed in the intestines. The amount and consistency of stool in the intestines were normal. In none of the samples, hairballs were observed, but in most rabbits’ stomachs (both sexes), a small amount of hair was observed in the stomach contents. Also, no symptoms of urinary stones were observed in the colony of the studied rabbits. Conclusion: Balanced diet, supply of nutritional requirements, and the absence of any stressors in breeding environments have played a key role and prevented many diseases, such as hairballs and urinary stones. No observation of urinary stones in this study could lead to the hypothesis that infection with the bacteria that cause urinary stones in the studied rabbits was eliminated or non-pathogenic, indicating specific pathogen-free animals. However, bacterial and other infectious agent monitoring should be specialized.

TRANSFORMING RABBIT SKIN WASTE INTO A CRAFT PRODUCT

The establishment of making craft products from rabbit skin is a field that society has not previously explored. This has raised the issue of odour pollution in rabbit skin cultivation and waste disposal areas. Hence, the purpose of this study is to explore the methods of cleaning rabbit skin. Among the methods that should be highlighted is the principle of cleaning the fat inside the skin through a series of cleaning processes. Due to climate in Malaysia, some techniques have been explored and investigated that produce positive results. Initial experiments were carried out with some FELDA Besout 5 residents to determine the accuracy of the flow and cleaning processes. After some experiments, it was discovered that the best ingredients for neutralizing rabbit skin were alum, salt, and mink oil. The material used to clean rabbit skin is readily available; in fact, it is a material that individuals use at home daily. As a result, after the rabbit skin has been cleaned, it can be used to create any type of creative work. The proposed cleaning process module can be used to improve the knowledge and skills of FELDA residents who are directly involved in rabbit farming since this provides a source of revenue for their family. This can aid and mobilize the community to explore and implement the module. It is essential to keep working on involving society in these methodologies to improve their social skills and reveal more social economic lifestyle change. Craft items are an undeniably lucrative product category in tourist areas. Hopefully, rabbit fur products will catch the attention of tourists.

The first archaeological and taphonomic evidence for rabbit Fur production in medieval Barcelona (Spain)

In the Middle Ages, Barcelona was an important centre for leather and fur production. A large number of tanneries involved in the transformation of animal hides and skins located on the outskirts of the city have been documented. Despite this, the importance of these activities has hardly been considered from the perspective of the archaeofaunal remains. This scarcity of data is even greater when it comes to the preparation of the fur of small animals such as rabbits. In this paper we present the zooarchaeological and taphonomic study of a sample of rabbit remains recovered from El Born archaeological site. Specifically, the sample comes from a 13th-century context excavated in an area called the Casa Riera. In the period under study, this area was just outside the limit of the urbanised zone, and it was connected with important watercourses. The context studied was very rich in faunal remains, mostly rabbits and caprines. The analysis of the rabbit bones indicates that these animals were clearly used for fur production. Our results have enabled us to characterise this type of assemblage taphonomically. Besides, on the basis of the results, some of the steps in animal carcass processing and of tanning practices can be illustrated. Finally, our data are contrasted with the background provided by documentary evidence.

High-output soft-contact fiber-structure triboelectric nanogenerator and its sterilization application

Infectious diseases are spreading rapidly with the flow of the world’s population, and the prevention of epidemic diseases is particularly important for public and personal health. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a simple, efficient and non-toxic method to control the spread of bacteria and viruses. The newly developed triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) can generate a high voltage, which inhibits bacterial reproduction. However, the output performance is the main factor limiting real-world applications of TENGs. Herein, we report a soft-contact fiber-structure TENG to avoid insufficient friction states and to improve the output, especially at a high rotation speed. Rabbit hair, carbon nanotubes, polyvinylidene difluoride film and paper all contain fiber structures that are used to guarantee soft contact between the friction layers and improve the contact state and abrasion problem. Compared with a direct-contact triboelectric nanogenerator, the outputs of this soft-contact fiber-structure TENG are improved by about 350%. Meanwhile, the open-circuit voltage can be enhanced to 3440 V, which solves the matching problems when driving high-voltage devices. A TENG-driven ultraviolet sterilization system is then developed. The bactericidal rate of this sterilization system can reach 91%, which significantly reduces the risk of disease spread. This work improves a forward-looking strategy to improve the output and service life of the TENG. It also expands the applications of self-powered TENG sterilization systems.

FORMULASI SEDIAAN HAIR TONIC EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera Lamk.) DAN DAUN RAMBUTAN (Nephelium lappaceaum L.) TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN RAMBUT

Moringa olifera lamk and Nephelium lappaceaum L leaves are empirically widely used to stimulate hair growth. The purpose of this research is to combine the kelor leaf extract and rambutan leaf extract formulated in hair tonic. The hair tonic preparations made were evaluated by performing a physical test of the preparation and knowing the best concentration of kelor leaf extract and rambutan leaf extract on rabbit hair growth. The hair tonic were orepared in 3 formulations with the ratio of kelor leaf exract and rambutan leaf extract (1:3 , 1:1 and 3:1)% w/v. the positive control used is hair tonic Minoxidil 2%. Physical tests of the preparation include organoleptic test, pH test, homogeneity test and Viscosity test. Hair growth activity on the 3 rabbits shaved hair and hair growth measurements until the 28 st day. The data of growth measurements were tested statistically by ANOVA test metode. Based on the reseach result, in can be concluded that hair tonic combination of kelor leaf extract and rambutan leaf extract with ratio (1:1)%, has average hair length 3 cm and hair weight 0,236 g is the optimum concentration in stimulating hair growth aktivity with positive control has average hair length 2,025 cm and hair weigth 0,207 g. Test statistically there was no significant difference between extract and positif control (P &lt; 0,05).

Effect of outdoor grazing-area access time and enrichment on space and pasture use, behaviour, health and growth traits of weaned rabbits.

Providing rabbits with a grassy outdoor area allows them to express a broad variety of specific behaviours such as grazing where grazeable herbage persists. However, rabbits that graze are also exposed to external stressors. Controlled outdoor access time may help preserve the grassland resource, while a hiding place may offer the rabbits a secure space. We focused on rabbit growth, health and behaviour according to outdoor access time and the presence of a hideout on a 30-m2 pasture area. We divided 144 rabbits into four groups (group of rabbits with 8 hours per day (H8) of access to pastures provided with an hideout (Y) (H8Y): n = 36; group of rabbits with 8 hours per day (H8) of access to pastures unprovided with an hideout (N) (H8N): n = 36; group of rabbits with 3 hours per day (H3) of access to pastures provided with an hideout (Y) (H3Y): n = 36; group of rabbits with 3 hours per day (H3) of access to pastures unprovided with an hideout (N) (H3N): n = 36) that differed in access time (H8, four replicates, eight hours a day from 0900 h to 1700 h; and H3, four replicates, three hours a day from 0900 h to 1200 h) and the presence of a hideout (presence of an hideout on the pasture (Y), four replicates, with a roof-shaped wooden hideout; and absence of an hideout on the pasture (N), four replicates, without). Rabbit growth and morbidity were measured weekly for each rabbit from 34 to 76 days of age. Rabbit behaviour was assessed on days 43, 60 and 74 by direct visual scanning. Available grassy biomass was evaluated on days 36, 54 and 77. We also measured the time rabbits took to enter and exit the mobile house and the level of corticosterone accumulated in their hair during the fattening period. There were no between-group differences in live weight (on average, 2 534 g at 76 days of age) and mortality rate (18.7%). The rabbits expressed a broad variety of specific behaviours, with grazing being the most frequent (30.9% of all the observed behaviours). Foraging behaviours including pawscraping and sniffing were more frequently observed in H3 rabbits than H8 rabbits (1.1 vs 0.3% and 8.4 vs 6.2%, respectively; P < 0.05). There was neither an access-time nor hideout presence effect on rabbit hair corticosterone levels or time to exit and enter the pens. Patches of bare ground were more frequent in H8 pastures than in H3 pastures (26.8 vs 15.6%, respectively; P < 0.05). Over the whole growing period, the biomass intake rate was higher in H3 than H8 and higher in N than Y (1.9 vs 0.9 g/rabbit/h and 1.8 vs 0.9 g/rabbit/h, respectively; P < 0.05). In conclusion, restricted access time tended to slow the reduction of the grass resource but had no detrimental effects on rabbit growth or health. Rabbits facing restricted access time adapted their grazing behaviour. A hideout helps rabbits cope with external stressors.

The use of gambier as a tanner for fur-tanned rabbit skin

Rabbit fur skin is an exotic skin group and a by-product of slaughtering animal houses. The tanning process is a process for processing. This vegetable tanning can be used as vegetable tanning materials derived from materials obtained from nature. examples of vegetable tanners are gambier and mimosa. The material used for research was rabbit fur 15 pieces and gambier. The research used in this experiment was a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications, and there were significant influences would be tested by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test Method. The treatment of this research used mimosa 4% (T0), gambier 3% (T1), 4% (T2), 5% (T3) dan 6% (T4). The result showed that using gambier as tanning material has a significant effect on tensile strength, tear strength, thickness, and flexibility. The best result of this research was T4 using 6% of gambier as a tanning agent. The tanned skin had 34,43 N/mm2 tensile strength, 8,25 Kg/cm, tear strength of 2,33 mm thickness, and 77,09% flexibility. The conclusion of this research is gambier can be added as a tanning agent for rabbit fur and gives good quality.

Thermal‐Driven Soft‐Contact Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting and Industrial Cooling Water Monitoring

In this paper, a quaternary dielectric soft-contact rotary triboelectric nanogenerator (QDSR-TENG) of low frictional resistance is fabricated for combining TENG with a shape memory alloy (SMA) engine. The introduction of rabbit fur brush and FEP brush results in charge pumps with a partially soft contact structure. Benefiting from the low friction loss of the structure, the QDSR-TENG can operate stably and continually for 100k cycles without significant output degradation. The SMA engine exhibits thermally induced phase transformation and super-elasticity and can be utilized for harnessing waste heat energy. The thermal-driven QDSR-TENG can operate with a water source of 43°C with a distinguishable response to the variation of temperatures. Such a low starting temperature not only promotes the harvesting of low-grade thermal energy, but also results in a self-monitoring industrial cooling water system. The coupled elastocaloric power and cooling cycle proposed in the thermal-driven QDSR-TENG opens a new paradigm for the application in energy harvesting and smart sensing.

Improving the Spinnability of Rabbit Hair Using Ionic Liquid Treatment

ABSTRACT Rabbit hair is an excellent textile fiber owing to its softness and luster. However, the poor spinnability of rabbit hair restricts its application on textiles. In this article, ionic liquid (IL) solutions were used to treat rabbit hair at five different temperatures. The raw and treated rabbit hair was then characterized by microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), mechanical property, XRD, and properties related to spininability (crimp and friction property, moisture regain, and electrical performance). The results showed that the rabbit hair fiber’s morphology was obviously curled, and mechanical properties and crystallinity were reduced after ILs treatment. Moreover, the friction performance was increased by 15% and the crimp rate was increased by 7.2 times. These results suggest that with proper temperatures of ILs treatment, the rabbit hair could show better potential for spinning.