Rabbit Blood Serum Research Articles

The activity of certain enzymes in the blood serum of rabbits during a histamine and acetylcholine shock

1. Observations carried out on the activity of certain enzymes in the blood serum of rabbits during histamine and acetylcholine shock demonstrated that the degree of change in activity depended on the kind of enzyme and the time lapsed since the shock. 2. Thus in both types of shock the activity of lactate dehydrogenase rapidly increases and the activity of alanine aminotransferase decreases. 3. Neither the activity of aldolase nor the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase change significantly during either shock. Aspartate aminotransferase, behaving differently for each kind of shock, did not give a clear picture.

Antibodies to egg yolk in blood serum of rabbits and cattle and cervical mucus of cattle inseminated artificially

Serum titers to egg yolk were induced in 6 rabbits by intravaginal deposition of an egg-yolk citrate extender used for artificial insemination of cattle. There was no effect of the low serum titers to egg yolk on fertility of the inseminated rabbits. Titers to egg-yolk semen extender were found in 3% of 59 cows of normal fertility compared to 29% of 14 repeat breeder cows of low fertility, all previously inseminated with semen diluted with egg yolk-citrate extender. Four of 6 cervical mucus samples (67%) from the repeat breeder cows had high titers to egg yolk, but only one also had a positive titer in blood serum.

Infrared measurement of total fatty acids in blood serum

AbstractQuantitative determination of total fatty acids in rabbit blood serum is achieved using the infrared absorption band, associated with the C=0 stretching vibration at 1713 cm−1 (5.84 μm). Different tests are described to show the validity of this method for a wide range of variation in total concentration and in individual percentages of any one fatty acid. The results are treated by statistical methods, and it is found that infrared analysis is five times more sensitive than methods described previously. This accurate technique, which can be applied to other serums has, for example, been applied to disclose a systematic error in the preparation of total fatty acid samples when nitrogen flushing is not used.

Infrared measurement of total fatty acids in blood serum

AbstractQuantitative determination of total fatty acids in rabbit blood serum is achieved using the infrared absorption band, associated with the C = O stretching vibration at 1713 cm−1 (5.84 μm). Different tests are described to show the validity of this method for a wide range of variation in total concentration and in individual percentages of any one fatty acid. The results are treated by statistical methods, and it is found that infrared analysis is five times more sensitive than methods described previously. This accurate technique, which can be applied to other serums has, for example, been applied to disclose a systematic error in the preparation of total fatty acid samples when nitrogen flushing is not used.

Some immunochemical properties of natural antiglobulin factors (homoreactants)

A naturally occurring antiglobulin factor against the Fab-fragment of homologous IgG, contained in the rabbit and human blood serum and γ-globulin preparations, was shown by gelfiltration on Sephadex G-200 to have a molecular weight of about 250,000 daltons. In man this factor does not pass through the placenta in normal pregnancy. Despite differences in the physicochemical and effector properties of 7S IgG and protein with homoreactant activity, the latter has the specific antigenic determinants of IgG. These observations suggest that a complex of IgG with another protein or nonprotein compound possesses homoreactant properties.

In Vitro Fertilization of Rabbit Eggs in Oviduct Secretions from Different Days Before and After Ovulation

In vitro fertilization of rabbit eggs in oviduct secretions has been studied through different days of the psudopregnant cycle. The appearance of the pronuclei and cleavage into two cells, which were the criteria of fertilization, occurred significantly less frequently when in vitro fertilization was attempted in the oviduct secretions obtained during the estrous (preovulatory) period of the cycle than it was in the secretions obtained during pseudopregnancy or in Brackett's medium plus 20% heated rabbit blood serum. Whether fertilization was attempted in ampulla secretions or in whole oviduct secretions had no effect on the success rate. The effects of oviduct secretions from the estrous period of the cycle is probably due mainly to an effect on the egg, involving the very first development processes during and after fertilization.

Effect of hypothalamic stimulation on the kininogen dynamics in the blood serum of rabbits during sensitization and anaphylactic shock

Effect of hypothalamic stimulation on the kininogen dynamics in the blood serum of rabbits during sensitization and anaphylactic shock

The carbohydrate composition of immunoglobulins G

Immunoglobulin G from human, horse, sheep, pig, cow, chicken, rabbit and dog blood serum was analyzed for its carbohydrate composition by gas chromatography, using alditol acetate derivatives of sugars released by acid hydrolysis. Fucose, mannose, galactose, glucosamine and sialic acid were present in IgG of all species studied. Most of the carbohydrate was found in the H chains. Only small fractional molar quantities of the carbohydrates were present in L chains of all species except chicken. Chicken IgG was also distinctive in that it contained 4.5% total carbohydrate as compared with only about 2% in the other species studied. The presence of less than one residue of fucose, galactose and sialic acid per H chain indicates heterogeneity of carbohydrate composition.

Experimental specific serum therapy of Staphylococcus.

SummaryProtection at significant levels was shown in experimental mouse infection with Staphylococcus aureus by globulins from immune rabbit blood serum and from goat colostrum. Immunizations to produce the protection were made with benzalkonium-kil-led organisms alone, or followed by injections of live organisms. Both the intraperitoneal and oral route of protection proved efficacious in the mice. Experimental subcutaneous abscesses in rabbits were similarly studied and the suppression of inflammation and necrosis shown.

Changes in the sialic acid level in the blood serum of guinea pigs and rabbits with experimental tuberculosis

Changes in the sialic acid level in the blood serum of guinea pigs and rabbits with experimental tuberculosis

妊娠および偽妊娠家兎の血清および胎盤組織中のリラキシン濃度

妊娠および偽妊娠家兎の血清および胎盤組織中のリラキシン濃度

Distribution of precorticotrophin in blood.

IN previous communications1–3 the existence of precorticotrophin—a precursor of corticotrophin—was demonstrated in the anterior pituitary tissue of the ox. Later, I4 reported the presence of a material behaving like precorticotrophin in normal rabbit blood serum. Young5 observed that the insulin-like activity of the serum or plasma from arterial blood, or from blood oxygenated in vitro, was higher than that of serum or plasma from comparable venous blood, or blood deoxygenated in vitro. In view of this, it appeared worth while to investigate the presence of precorticotrophin-like material in sera obtained individually from arterial and venous blood.

The cultivation and metabolism of trypanosomes in the presence of trehalose with observations on trehalase in blood serum

1. 1. Trypanosoma cruzi cultivated in the liquid phase of diphasic blood agar medium (medium I) or in the same medium prepared with blood inactivated at 56 ° for 30 min seemed unable to utilize trehalose per se, but the hydrolysis of this disaccharide was due to a trehalase present in these media. When this enzyme was denatured by autoclaving the base, it was apparent that trehalose was a non-utilisable substrate. 2. 2. Neither T. gambiense grown in the overlay from diphasic blood agar medium containing inactivated blood (medium II) or from the same medium but with the base subjected to autoclaving (medium III) nor T. rhodesiense grown in medium III could utilize trehalose. The infectivity of these culture organisms was not restored even after prolonged exposure to trehalose. 3. 3. The endogenous respiration of T. cruzi cultivated in the less favorable autoclaved medium was 7-fold less than that of these organisms cultivated in medium I, whereas glucose stimulated the respiration relatively more. Trehalose had no effect on the endogenous respiration in either case. 4. 4. Rabbit blood serum was found to be the source of trehalase in the medium. This enzyme displayed considerable specificity towards trehalose. It was also found in human, dog, and cat blood.

Comparative bactericidal activities of blood serum and plasma serum.

Rabbit and human plasma can be prepared without resort to anticoagulants by employing low temperatures and non-wetting surfaces. Serum formed after clotting of rabbit plasma devoid of cells and platelets manifests essentially no bactericidal activity on Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus megaterium, and a strain of Staphylococcus aureus. In contrast, rabbit blood serum exhibits this activity to a high degree. Rabbit plasma rich in platelets gives rise to a serum with capacity to kill these Gram-positive microbes equal to that of serum prepared from whole blood. This heat-stable antibacterial agent is efficiently formed or released when platelets are present during the coagulation of plasma, but not on incubation of platelets in heparinized or citrated plasma or in saline. Leucocytes and red cells appear to play no significant role in its production. Rabbit blood serum and plasma serum have similar heat-labile lethal effects on enteric bacilli. Human serum, whether from blood or plasma, manifests much less bactericidal activity on Bacillus subtilis than does rabbit blood serum. These findings serve to emphasize the fact that substances formed or released during coagulation of whole blood may impart to the serum activities not present in circulating plasma.

The content of sulfhydril groups in the blood serum in experimental renal hypertension and the reduction of hypertension by prolonged iron administration

The authors examined the content of SH-groups in the blood serum of rabbits in development of experimental renal hypertension and in reduction of the latter by chronic iron administration. It was demonstrated that hypertension is accompanied with the rise of the SH-groups content in the blood serum, while in decrease of hypertension by 20–40% as a result of chronic iron administration, the content of the SH-groups becomes lower than its initial value. The data obtained are being considered in connection with the adrenalin and ferritin metabolism in hypertension.

On the Cells of Subcutaneous Connective Tissue and the Hyaluronidase Inhibitor in Experimental Liver Disturbance Caused by Carbon Tetrachloride

1. Applying the mucin clot prevention method, the hyaluronidase inhibitor in blood serum of rabbits are measured. The hyaluronidase inhibitor of some animals decreased definitely in experimental liver disturbance caused by carbon tetrachloride, but that of others decreased little.2. Atrophic protoplasms and nuclei of cells in the subcutaneous connective tissue are found in the experimental rabbits.

Homologous serum proteins and their role in phenomena of increased capillary permeability in inflammation

1. 1. Normal rabbit blood serum contains a definite protein group of electrophoretic mobility similar to β 2-globulins, capable of increasing the permeability of rabbit skin capillaries. 2. 2. A local inflammatory focus in the rabbit produces increased specific, and especially total, activity of the blood serum globulins capable of raising capillary permeability. 3. 3. At the climax of the inflammatory process the amount of β 2-globulin fraction in the blood serum is increased. 4. 4. Albumin counteracts the effect of active homologous and heterologous globulins on capillary permeability and retards increase of the latter by histamine. 5. 5. In intact rabbit blood serum the active globulins are ineffective owing to the inhibitory properties of albumin.

An Electrophoretic Study of the Alteration in Serum Protein of Rabbits Administered with Iodo-casein

Daily subcutaneous injection into young rabbits of 0.5cc of 3% iodo-casein in NaHCO3 buffer (pH7.8) was continued for seven days. Electrophoretical analyses were made on the sera of the rabbits before and after the injection.The results obtained were as follows:1. Serum albumin decreased, alpha-globuin increased, and gamma-gloulin increased slightly after the injection of iodo-casein.2. Separation of albumin and alpha-globulin peaks in normal rabbit serum is generally incomplete when electrophosesis is performed using phosphate buffer at pH8.0. Separation of the above two peaks in rabbit blood serum was found to be complete under the same circumstances after the injection of iodo-casein.

Mucolytic enzyme systems XIX. Comparison of hyaluronidase inhibitor and heparin levels in serum.

SummaryThe effects of peptone shock (with and without block of the reticuloendothelial system by India ink), and administrations of desoxycorticosterone on the nonspecific hyaluronidase inhibitor and heparin concentrations in the blood serum of rabbits at intervals before and after the treatments were observed. A general parallelism was noted in the direction of the changes produced in both serum factors, but variations were observed with respect to the magnitude and time of change. In vitro experiments were carried out on the effect of janus green, thionin, toluidene blue, safranin, neutral violet, neutral red, and aureomycin on the serum inhibitor and on hyaluronidase. A general correlation was observed between the anti-heparin action of these substances and their anti-inhibitor effects.

The karyolytic factor in the serum of rats injected with colchicine.

RECENTLY, Euler et al.1,2 have described a peculiar effect of certain normal, as well as sarcomatous, rat sera on the stainability of tumour cells. When smear preparations of mouse ascites carcinoma or rat Jensen sarcoma were incubated with the sera, a distinct loosening of the internal structure of the nuclei, demonstrated by May-Grunwald and Giemsa stains, and a total loss of Feulgen nucleal reaction, were observed. This effect was termed the ‘karyolytic effect’. It was also noticed when smear preparations of rat liver pulp were incubated with some samples of normal and sarcomatous rat sera. Human and rabbit blood serum, however, did not show the effect. No relationship appeared to exist between the effect observed in the case of certain rat sera and any known physiological, pathological or dietetic factors. Recent attempts3 to provoke ‘karyolysis’ by active immunization have not yet yielded any distinct positive results.