Quoted Research Articles

Tindak Tutur Direktif Pada Kumpulan Cerpen Rokat Tase Karya Muna Masyari

The aim of this research is to describe and analyze the form of directive speech acts and the background of the speech in the short story collection Rokat Tase by Muna Masyari. This research is a type of qualitative research. The approach used is a sociopragmatic approach. The data collection techniques used are listening techniques and note-taking techniques. The instrument used is a data card for the classification of forms of directive speech acts. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis technique. Presentation of the results of data analysis is carried out informally. The forms of directive speech acts found were (9) directive speech acts of giving advice, (31) directive speech acts of commands, (8) directive speech acts of requests, (3) directive speech acts of ordering, and () directive speech acts of criticism. Meanwhile, the background causes of speech are influenced by physical environmental factors, social influences, culture, social status, social relationships and work. This research can have implications for literature learning at junior high school level.

On Being Tongue-Tied: Franchise, Fluency, and Precarity in Montaigne’s ‘De la vanité’

Abstract Drawing attention to a key but overlooked moment in Montaigne’s ‘De la vanité’, this article interrogates the relationship between two aspects of the essayist’s ‘franchise’: his personal freedom and his frank, direct speech. It offers a reading that runs counter to Montaigne’s self-characterization as ‘le plus libre et moins endebté’ person he knows, underscoring the precarity of his ‘franchise’ and his anxieties surrounding it. In this context, ‘franchise’ is shown to be hemmed in by a cluster of obligations, even as the essayist seeks to escape them. In contrast to the critical interest in Montaigne’s reflections on free-thinkers and courageous speakers, including Socrates, Seneca and Cato the Younger, and complementing studies that have highlighted the motif of babble and loquacity in the Essais, this article focuses on Montaigne seeing himself in a frightful inversion of ‘franchise’: the looking glass of Lyncestes and the story of his death as a consequence of his disfluency. Reading ‘franchise’ in this light helps us to learn what Montaigne considered one of the first lessons worth learning: the difference between ‘liberté’ and ‘licence’.

FORMS OF INTERTEXT IN “ANNE OF GREEN GABLES” BY L.M. MONTGOMERY

This paper analyzes different forms of intertext (biblical, artistic, and mythological) in L.M. Montgomery’s bestselling novel Anne of Green Gables in order to determine the novel’s intertextual connections with various phenomena of literature and art, and explore how the meanings of these intertextual elements are transformed in Anne of Green Gables as opposed to their original sources. While the plot of Anne Shirley’s growing up unravels locally (in a small Canadian town named Avonlea), it is also part of a broader cultural context, which is represented largely by intertextual means (direct and indirect quotations, allusions to the works by R. Browning, H.C. Andersen, W. Shakespeare, L. Carroll, W. Scott et al.). In this way, the author emphasizes Anne’s romantic worldview, her open-mindedness and vivid interest in literature, art and nature. By referencing the works of W. Shakespeare and S.T. Coleridge, L.M. Montgomery aims to further illustrate the motive of loneliness and abandonment as they are related to her heroine’s story (having lost her parents and spent the majority of her life in an orphan asylum). Biblical intertext also plays an important role when it comes to the relationship between Anne Shirley and Matthew Cuthbert. Different forms of intertext (literary, biblical, mythological) fulfil important functions in the text, especially in terms of creating multi-faceted characters, the social and cultural atmosphere of L.M. Montgomery’s era, and the various problems (social, moral, and artistic) discussed in her works.

Pragmatic Study of Bullying in “An American Girl: Chrissa Stands Strong” Movie

This study explores the phenomenon of bullying as a prominent sociocultural element within the American film "An American Girl: Chrissa Stands Strong" serve the dual purpose of providing amusement to audiences while also conveying messages of communication, morality, culture, society, and education. In addition to that, bullying remains a widespread problem within the educational institutions. Students, especially those with special cases are constant victims of bullying. The data will be subjected to analysis based on pragmatic theories, such as speech acts and strategies of impoliteness. The questions that the paper tries to answer are: what are the types of verbal bullying and its directness, what are the types of speech acts, what are the illocutionary acts and the directness of speech acts, and what are the impoliteness strategies? This study aims to identify the types and directness of verbal bullying, investigate the types of speech acts in the selected data whether it is used directly or indirectly, identifying the illocutionary acts, and investigating the impoliteness strategies and it is sub-types in "An American Girl: Chrissa Stands Strong" movie. Working on these aims, it is hypothesized that direct verbal bullying of verbal abuse is the predominant type, all the types of speech acts are employed by bullies, the impoliteness strategies are used equally. The study's findings indicate that the predominant kind of bullying observed is direct verbal bullying, characterized by instances of verbal abuse and name-calling. The direct expressive speech acts of mocking/taunting are widely used by girls in "An American Girl: Chrissa Stands Strong" movie. Positive impoliteness strategy is the most frequent strategy.

Dramatic storytelling and naming subjective experiences in psychodynamic treatments of depressed women: An exploratory study of assimilative functions of narrating

Objective: The present study aims to demonstrate how assimilation processes indicated by formal aspects of in-session narratives change in the course of psychodynamic therapy and how this differs by therapy outcome. Method: Two sessions each from the initial, the middle, and the termination phase of six successful and six unsuccessful psychodynamic treatments were compared. All narratives were identified and coded for dramatic narrating and naming of emotions and mental verbs. Results: Good outcome cases peaked in the use of direct speech and naming negative emotions in the middle phase of treatment. Poorer treatment outcome was associated with a high amount of narrating and a tendency to more dramatic narrating in the termination phase and with a use of more narrative clauses throughout treatment. Conclusions: Emotional remembering and naming of emotional states in the middle phase could provide partial support for the role of assimilation processes in good outcome cases. Narrative characteristics of less successful treatments are discussed.

Examination of Awareness among University Students in Compliance with Loan Application Requirements in the Northern Zone of Tanzania

This study examined awareness among university students in compliance with loan application requirements in the Northern zone of Tanzania. The study was guided by the human capital theory by Gary Backer (1964). The study employed a convergent design under a mixed-methods research approach. The target population of the study was 11 universities, 3000 Second year undergraduate university students, 5 HESLB Personnel, 11 loan Officers represented HESLB at each university used in the study, and 11 Ministers of finance from the students' government from selected universities in the Northern Zone of Tanzania. Probability and non-probability sampling techniques were employed to obtain a sample of 300 second-year undergraduate students, 4 universities/colleges, 4 Ministers of Finances from the Student Government, and 3 loan officers who represent the HESLB in each University used in the study. The study engaged questionnaires, a document analysis guide, and an interview guide to collect data for the study. Content and face validity were ensured by MWECAU research experts. The reliability of questionnaires for Likert-type items was estimated using Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient, whereby r= 0.757 from students, whereas qualitative data were established through peer debriefing and triangulation. Descriptive statistics with the aid of the (SPSS) version 22 was used to analyze quantitative data and qualitative data were analyzed thematically by transcribing the information, coding, and themes supported with direct quotations. The study found that the criteria employed by HESLB had been achieved to a low extent in informing students about loan application requirements. The study concludes that the majority of university students had limited awareness of loan application requirements, possessing knowledge only about a few specific aspects of loan application requirements. The study recommended that HESLB should conduct a comprehensive review of the loan eligibility criteria to address diverse concerns among university students.

Vastness of Teachers' Awareness of Students with Special Needs at St. Pamachius Inclusive Secondary School in Hai District, Tanzania

This formative assessment sought to determine the educators' awareness of special needs students' abilities in promoting inclusive education at St. Pamachius Secondary School. Anchored in Scaffolding theory by the Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky in 1978, the evaluation employed the convergent design under a mixed methods evaluation approach in which qualitative and quantitative data sets were collected at one point in time, analyzed separately before they were converged in a single study. The targeted population was 439, from which 151 respondents were sampled through stratified random, census and convenient sampling techniques. Data were gathered using questionnaires and interview guides from 123 students, 24 teachers, 1 head of school, and 1 Catholic Diocesan Education secretary. Tools for data collection were validated through research experts from Mwenge Catholic University, and the reliability of the questionnaire was achieved through the Cronbach Alpha technique, where coefficients for students' and teachers' questionnaires were 0.85 and 0.76, respectively. The trustworthiness of the qualitative data was ensured by the triangulation of instruments and peer debriefing methods. Quantitative data were descriptively analyzed in frequencies and percentages and presented in a table. The qualitative data were coded, thematically analyzed and presented in direct quotations. The research findings indicate that both teachers instructing students with special needs and the students themselves exhibit awareness of inclusive education principles. Furthermore, the study highlights positive interactions between teachers instructing both special needs and non-special needs students. Consequently, it can be inferred that teachers and students possess an awareness of effective teaching and learning strategies for both groups, which ultimately contribute to their potential development within the framework of inclusive education at St. Pamachius Secondary School.
 Based on these findings, it is recommended that the Ministry of Education, Science, and Technology enforce mandatory inclusive education courses within teacher training programs. This initiative aims to mandate the integration of inclusive education modules in all teacher training institutions. This mandate ensures that every graduating teacher possesses the essential knowledge and skills for proficiently implementing inclusive education. Such a systemic reform aligns with the overarching objective of advancing inclusive education and comprehensively addressing students' diverse needs.

Tindak Tutur Ilokusi dalam Anime Kimetsu No Yaiba (Gotouge, 2019)

This study examines the illocutionary speech acts in Kimetsu no Yaiba, an anime by Koyoharu Gotouge in 2019. The purpose of this study is to describe the types of illocutionary speech acts used in conversations in the Kimetsu no Yaiba, and to examine the politeness strategies used in conversations in this anime. The method used is the descriptive research method. The data collection used listening and note-taking techniques. The data review technique used is contextual. Based on the analysis, it is found that from 40 data, there are assertive speech acts (8), directive speech acts (22), commissive speech acts (4), expressive speech acts (3) and declarative speech acts (3). The strategies used in the Kimetsu no Yaiba are bald on record (19) used by speakers who are not familiar with speech partners, and speakers who are familiar with speech partners, positive politeness (19) used by speakers who are familiar with speech partners and negative politeness (2) used by speakers who are not familiar with speech partners.

Exploring Grammar Learning Needs and Challenges: Insights from an Online Discussion Forum

This research article explores the grammar learning needs and challenges faced by English language learners through an analysis of questions collected from the online discussion forum. The forum, created by a group of researchers at Universitas Negeri Medan, serves as a platform for learners to seek guidance and support in their grammar learning journey. By conducting qualitative content analysis on 19 questions specifically related to grammar, common themes and patterns regarding grammar challenges were identified. The findings highlight areas of difficulty such as Subject-Verb Agreement, Direct and Indirect Speech, Punctuation (Hyphen usage), Relative Clauses, Understanding "Neither" and "Either", Verb Tenses, Passive Voice, Direct Quotations vs. Paraphrasing in Academic Writing. Addressing these challenges through targeted explanations, examples, and recommendations can assist educators and language instructors in supporting learners in overcoming grammar difficulties and improving overall language proficiency. The insights derived from this study contribute to the development of effective instructional strategies tailored to learners' specific needs.

PRAGMATICS AND MULTIMODALITY IN INTERPRETING POLITICAL DISCOURSE IN JOE BIDEN'S VICTORY SPEECH

This study aimed to interpret political discourse using a pragmatic multimodality approach to the text and video of the victory speech of the 46th President of the United States, Joe Biden, using linguistic and gestural analysis using Searle's speech act theory, Perrine's speech act theory, and gesture interpretation. After that, the combined analysis of the three were classified into the function of political discourse which includes communicative, emotive, incentive, motivational, phatic, metalanguage, and aesthetic functions. The method used in this research was descriptive qualitative method. The findings on speech acts show that assertive speech acts dominate speech with 61%, followed by expressive (14%), directive (11%), commissive (9%), and declarative (5%) speech acts. Meanwhile, findings on figurative language show that there are 7 figurative languages found in speech, namely synecdoche (24%), symbol (21%), personification (21%), hyperbole (11%), metaphor (11%), simile (9%), and apostrophe (3%). The combination of speech acts, gestures, and figurative language with the function of political discourse mostly refers to emotive function and motivational function, which shows Joe Biden's political discourse leads to the act of evoking the audience’s emotion and motivating the audiences related to the United States national movement under the leadership of Joe Biden in terms of maintaining his power as the president of the United States of America.

And Then There Were Some… Reflecting on the Use of Adverbs in the Albanian Translation of Agatha Christie’s “And Then There Were None”

The aim of this paper is to reflect on the use of adverbs from a comparative translation perspective. Adverbs may serve many purposes in writing, and arguments can be brought for and against their prolific use, overuse or, at times, even abuse as stylistic devices. We have selected Agatha Christie’s “And Then There Were None” to analyse the use of adverbs from a translation’s perspective. One of the typical features of Christie’s writing is her crisp style, focusing essentially on action and dialogue. Even though there is not much descriptive prose, the use of adverbs is striking, often used to modify reporting verbs of direct speech, shedding more light into the characters, as well as serving as clues or red herrings to the revelation of the identity of the murderer. We are going to refer to the frequency and purpose of usage of adverbs in the original vis-à-vis the Albanian translation. The comparison between the original (1940) and its Albanian translation (2019) also intends to contemplate on shifting viewpoints about the use of adverbs in contemporary writing.

Produksi Menurut Pemikiran Muhammad Abdul Mannan

Producing a product in economic activities requires a production process that allows consumption, distribution or exchange of goods and services. The aim of this research is to find out Islamic Economics Theory and Practice related to production according to Muhammad Abdul Mannan's Perspective. This research is a library research study. There are two data sources, these are (1) primary data sources, and (2) secondary data sources. Data collection methods include: direct quotations and indirect quotations. Meanwhile, the data analysis is a content analysis technique. The results of this research are Production in Islamic Economics Theory and Practice according to Muhammad Abdul Mannan's perspective, showing that production prioritizes the concept of the welfare of the people which is guided by the Koran and Hadith, by adhering to the basic principles of Islamic economics including, faith, prophethood, government and results so as to create justice and prosperity for the present and the future. In order for production to continue to grow, it is influenced by several factors, including: Land, labor, capital and organization

Brief Review of Quotations of Linguists’ Opinions About Connective Compounds Constructions of the Russian Language

A brief review of the linguistic literature on the problem of attachment and parceling in the form of direct quotations, extracted from the publications of the authors who deal with this problem, is presented in the article for the first time. A review of the papers has shown that the connection, expressed by connecting compound constructions that are outside the main sentence, after a dot, is interpreted by scientists ambiguously. The status of connection structures is interpreted in three ways. The main reason is the views of scientists on the nature of attachment and parcellation. The first point of view is typical for the majority of researchers who consider connecting compound constructions to be parceled. They are widely represented in the language of fiction, the media, advertising, less often in the language of journalism. The second point of view is expressed by scientists who see transitivity (syncretism, asymmetry) in the connecting compound constructions. The reason is the discrepancy between form and content, as opposed to traditional. The third point of view belongs to linguists who recognize connecting compound constructions as connecting elements independent of parceling, located outside the main sentence, after the dot. The presented three points of view indicate that the problem of distinguishing between accession and parceling is still relevant. Therefore, research on these and similar issues will continue for a long time. This is evidenced by the transformation of the views of authoritative scientists regarding their linguistic status, and the emergence of new interesting works on these constructions in Russian and other languages. I hope that a short review of quotations will allow the reader to save the time needed to search for the relevant scientific literature, and to quickly navigate the problem of connecting compound constructions.

Speak Acts of Commanding in a Collection of Short Stories by Annie M.G. Schmidt

The speech act commanding, which is part of the speech act directive, is one of the grammatical materials commonly taught in foreign language teaching to develop the form of scientific sentences. The research aims to look at command speech acts in a collection of short stories by Annie M.G. Schmidt's aim is for readers to understand and increase their knowledge about command speech acts in Dutch contained in short stories as we can produce examples of speech acts. This research uses qualitative enhancement with data collection techniques. This research uses listening and note-taking techniques by listening to the use of Dutch and noting the speech forms of the characters in the short story collection by Annie M.G. Schmidt. The results of the analysis show that the speech acts used in this research are illocutionary because the collection of short stories by Annie M.G. Schmidt contains various forms of speech acts such as assertive, directive, expressive, commissive, and declaration. Based on 5 types of short stories by Annie M.G. Schmidt, namely the short story De Reus en De Draak, the short story Het Meisje dat haar naam kwijt was, the short story De Kikvorst, the short story Het neurievolkje and the short story Het beest met achternaam, there are speech acts carried out directly or indirectly, but there are more direct speech acts than acts said indirectly.

Exploration of Androgyny and Moral Allegory in The Black Cat in Terms of Narrative Structure

The Black Cat by Edgar Allan Poe is a classic horror novel renowned for incorporating traditional gothic elements, intricate layering of narrative, extensive use of symbolism, free direct quotations, and a narrative structure characterised by unreliable first-person narration. These literary devices collectively create a profound allegory for the human soul, inviting a plethora of diverse interpretations. This paper undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the novels narrative structure, shedding light on the complex relationship between the protagonist and his wife from an androgynous standpoint, revealing a duality of good and evil within them. It posits that the wife serves as the custodian and voice of the protagonists soul, embodying the force of good within him. Furthermore, the paper delves into how the novel chronicles the protagonists souls response to escalating evil, providing a spiritual exploration of human nature encompassing sin and punishment, harmony and division. Ultimately, it suggests a central theme: the androgynous nature of human beings, where the presence of good necessitates punishment for evil. Even if the force of good is obliterated, the burden of sin remains irremovable. Beyond its apparent horror, The Black Cat serves as Poes poignant dissection of human malevolence and a condemnation of wicked deeds.

The impact of STEAM (STEM + arts) activities on learning outcomes in students with specific learning disabilities

AbstractThe aim of this research is to examine the effect of STEAM (STEM + Arts) education, which is an interdisciplinary approach that has been frequently used in developed countries in recent years, on the science course learning outcomes of students with specific learning disabilities. The model of the research was structured as a mixed design and was realized with an explanatory sequential design. In this context, the research took place in two separate interactive stages. In the first stage, a quantitative method was applied. In this section, a one‐group pretest–posttest pre‐experimental model was used. The research was carried out with 4 students who were studying in a state primary school in a province in the Southern Region of Anatolia and who were diagnosed with specific learning disabilities. As data collection tools, an academic achievement test and STEAM process rubric were used. Means and standard deviations were used in the analysis of the data collected from the pretest, posttest, persistence test and rubrics. In the qualitative section of the study, interviews were conducted with the participants in order to evaluate STEAM education in the light of the quantitative stage, and diaries were kept for the participants in the context of a more in‐depth and objective examination of the process. The data collected by qualitative data tools were subjected to content analysis and direct quotations were made from the opinions and diaries of the participants. As a result of the research, it was determined that the quantitative findings overlapped with the qualitative findings. It was observed that the STEAM activities increased the academic success of the participants, that their motivation was high, and that they were curious and eager for the activities. In addition, it was revealed that they made an effort to use the knowledge and experience they had gained from the STEAM activities in other courses.

Slurs in quarantine

We investigate experimentally whether the perceived offensiveness of slurs survives when they are reported, by comparing Italian slurs and insults in base utterances (Y is an S), direct speech (X said: “Y is an S”), mixed quotation (X said that Y is “an S”), and indirect speech (X said that Y is an S). For all strategies, reporting decreases the perceived offensiveness without removing it. For slurs, but not insults, indirect speech is perceived as more offensive than direct speech. Our hypothesis is that, because slurs constitute hate speech, speakers employ quotation marks to signal their dissociation from slur use.

Ortak ve İşbirliğine Dayalı Eylem Bağlamında İletişim Sistemlerinin Gelişimi

Communication is a focal point in studies of joint action, where collective cognitive activity required (Sebanz and Knoblich, 2006). In this study, a virtual experimental environment was utilized where participants’ communication was restricted to text messaging interface with a limited set of letters and symbols. In eight experimental sessions, similar but different joint action tasks were given; each couple improved their joint action skills and developed their own private communication systems. Analysis shows, in addition to several quantitative parameters, trends of diminishing use ratio of directive speech acts and increasing use ratio of assertive speech acts had been observed which are claimed to be characteristics of development of a mature and effective communication system and cognitive mechanisms of joint action.

Family planning integration in Ethiopia’s primary health care system: a qualitative study on opportunities, challenges and best practices

BackgroundFamily planning (FP) service integration into primary health care (PHC) is an effective approach to realize reproductive autonomy, increase the use of contraceptives, and improve maternal and child health outcomes. The Ethiopian government promotes integration of FP services into primary health care (PHC). However, there is paucity of evidence on the status of FP service integration. The aim of this study is to explore the state of FP integration into PHC services and identify facilitators and barriers to integration.MethodsA qualitative study nested with a larger national study was conducted from July to October 2022. A total of 60 interviews were conducted with FP stakeholders including, government organizations, non-governmental organizations, donors, service providers, and clients. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and coded using OpenCode 4.03. The coded data were analyzed using framework analysis approach, using the Primary Health Care Performance Initiative (PHCPI) framework. Direct quotes and results from the coding and categorization were used to develop the report.ResultsFamily planning is largely provided in designated units by dedicated staff within PHC facilities. The provision of integrated FP service within each service unit is in its early stage. Successful examples of integration include integration of FP with postnatal care, abortion care, and youth-friendly service centers. Facilitators of integration include commitment of the government and partners, the presence of policies and guidelines, and positive attitude of service providers and clients. However, integration of FP also faces challenges that are largely related to challenges of the FP program even before integration. These include resource shortage, health workers shortage, health workers’ capacity/skill gaps, misconceptions about FP, religious and socio-cultural norms, and lack of awareness.ConclusionsIntegration of FP with PHC services in the Ethiopian public health facilities is viable. Pre-existing challenges of the FP program continued to be barriers to integration. Expanding the experiences of good practices in the integration of FP with post abortion care, post-natal care, and youth-friendly service centers to other components of PHC warrants attention. Addressing both supply- and demand-side challenges of the FP program is needed to facilitate the integration of FP with other PHC services.

GROUP MINDS IN ANCIENT GREEK HISTORIOGRAPHY AND THE ANCIENT GREEK NOVEL: HERODIAN'S HISTORY AND CHARITON'S CALLIRHOE

AbstractThis article explores Herodian's History of the Roman Empire alongside Chariton's novel Callirhoe with an eye to how the minds of collective entities are represented and function in the two narratives. It argues that Chariton, unlike Herodian, elaborates on the diversity of emotions that characterizes a specific collective experience and has groups use direct speech throughout. These choices add vividness to the narrative and intensify the fictional sensationalism and dramatic character of the novel. It also shows that, whereas collectives in Chariton's narrative are primarily designed to highlight a specific characteristic of a hero, dramatize an event and enhance suspense, in Herodian's historiography they are an integral part of the plot and central to his historical analysis of contemporary political and social world. This article offers a new analytical tool geared towards the development of a poetics of the collective in ancient narrative as well as a poetics of fictional and factual narration in antiquity, and advances our understanding of the complex relationship between ancient historiography and novelistic writing.