Quoted Research Articles

Language Education for Development: Enhancing Regional Banks' Performance through Illocutionary Speech Act Mastery in Indonesia

This study aims to explain how language plays a significant role in improving the performance of regional development banks in Indonesia. The method used was qualitative with a questionnaire instrument involving 6 regional development banks in Indonesia. Some of the main findings are 24 statements were found, 19 of which fall into 5 categories, namely assertive illocutionary speech acts, directive illocutionary speech acts, expressive illocutionary speech acts, commissive illocutionary speech acts, and declarative illocutionary speech acts. In its implementation, the process emphasizing the humanistic approach scored over 90%. By prioritizing language training initiatives that emphasize the mastery of illocutionary speech acts, regional banks in Indonesia can expect improved operational efficiency, strengthened customer relationships and a more strategic approach to communication, contributing to the overall development and success of the banking sector. This study is limited to the context of only one type of bank, the regional development bank. It is further suggested that there is a strong need to provide adequate and timely capacity building for the employees of regional development banks, particularly in language training as part of public service and satisfaction development.

Conceptions of accessibility among persons with spinal cord injury in Finland

Accessibility is defined according to the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) as a prerequisite for an independent life for persons with a disability. To explore how accessibility is understood or experienced by persons with a spinal cord injury, 45 persons with spinal cord injury living in Finland were interviewed. The analysis approach was phenomenographic, resulting in three main categories of conceptions of accessibility, illustrated through direct quotations. These three levels of understanding are Assumptions, Experiences, and Actions. Accessibility was primarily understood as accessibility in the built environment, and the impact of climate as well as personal choices regarding one’s own actions. Environmental and personal factors either facilitated or hindered the experience of accessibility. Accumulation of varying experiences about accessibility increased the interpretation of the person-environment connection on one’s own functioning and requirements towards accessibility, thus promoting the agency of persons with spinal cord injuries. Points of interest This study explored the variations of conceptions of accessibility experienced or understood by persons with spinal cord injury in Finland. The analysis resulted in three ways of experiencing accessibility: 1. Assumptions, 2. Experiences, and 3. Actions. The findings indicate that accessibility can be understood in various ways depending on assumptions related to accessibility, experiences, shared information, and the knowledge accumulated in the interaction between individual and the environment. Experiences of accessibility were primarily related to personal, physical, social, and attitudinal environmental factors, the person-environment connection, and the interpretations of their impact on one’s own functioning and accessibility requirements. Respondents identified environmental or personal factors as barring or facilitating accessibility. The interaction between the individual and the Northern environment, including four seasons, lead to various strategies for overcoming climate-caused barriers.

Illocutionary Speech Acts in Sawér Poetry of the Sundanese Ethnic Traditional Marriage Ceremony

The lyrics contained in every nyawér ceremony certainly have meaning and a message. This research aims to determine the type of speech of each stanza of poetry and to understand the meaning contained inward. This research adopts descriptive qualitative methods with a cultural approach. The research data were taken from a Sundanese sawér poetry by Mr. Tahyan from Ciamis consisting of 9 stanzas. Each stanza, consisting of several lines of poetry, was analyzed using Searle's speech act theory to determine the type of speech and pragmatic manifestations. The cultural approach was used to strengthen the analysis. This was because the speech in the sawér poetry of the wedding ceremony is very closely related to the culture of a region, in this case, the Sundanese ethnic group. The results of the research show that the types of speech in Sundanese sawér poetry consist of 2 directive illocutionary speech acts meaning requests and hopes; 3 directive illocutionary acts meaning prohibitions and warnings; 2 directive illocutionary commands and suggestions; 1 assertive illocutionary meaning statement, and 1 assertive illocutionary act that means hopeful. The meaning contained in the sawér poetry is advice for the newlyweds to enter married life through religious norms and social norms so that they can live it well and achieve happiness.

Stimulus of Time-Management Supervisory Skill on Completion of Research Process for Postgraduate Students In Northern Zone Universities, Tanzania

This study examined the extent to which time management skills employed by research supervisors enhance the completion of postgraduate students’ research process in universities, of the Northern Zone, Tanzania. Anchored in Face-to-Face Interactive Dissertation Supervision Theory proposed by Wang and Li in 2011, the study employed a convergent design under the mixed-methods research approach. The target population of 1454 including 6 Directors of postgraduate studies, 14 heads of departments, 175 supervisors, 390 PhD continuing students, 635 masters continuing students, 84 PhD alumni, and 150 masters alumni, to make a total of 214 respondents sampled through probability and non-probability techniques. Questionnaires, interview guides, and document analysis guides used to collect data were validated by three research experts from the Faculty of Education at MWECAU. The Cronbach Alpha method and peer debriefing were employed to determine the reliability of questionnaires and interview guides respectively. Quantitative data were descriptively analysed, while qualitative data were thematically summarized and presented in direct quotations. It was found that time management skills are deployed to a moderate extent by supervisors to stir up postgraduate students' research process. The study revealed further that students’ delays are often due to supervisors' feedback taking longer than expected, low levels of supervisor-student cooperation, and supervisors not being reachable and not present during consultation hours. The study concluded that supervisors differ in their approaches to time management practices in stimulating and accelerating postgraduate students' research process across universities. The study recommended that universities should regularly provide supervisors and postgraduate students with time management training so that the research process can be completed on schedule.

Assessing the Translation of Direct Speech in “Wuthering Heights” into Arabic

The present study tackles the translation of direct speech forms in Bronte’s novel "Wuthering Heights" into Arabic. The significance of this study stems from the fact that English direct speech forms in literary texts might pose substantial challenges when translated into Arabic due to their semantic connotations and structural peculiarities. The study aims at assessing the translation of English direct speech forms in "Wuthering Heights" novel into Arabic. It also aims at investigating the problems that may arise during the translation of direct speech forms in this novel into Arabic. Wuthering Heights is Emily Bronte’s unique novel. It is a story of love and revenge, this exciting and vivid novel depicts a deep and devastating love between its two main characters, the stubborn, charming Catherine and the handsome, dark-skinned, impulsive Heathcliff, both of whom are as wild as the Yorkshire moors where the novel takes place The study hypothesizes that translating direct speech in literary texts poses serious difficulties for the translators. To test the validity of the hypothesis, the study includes a practical chapter which tackles the translation of (25) excerpts that have been chosen from Wuthering Heights novel along with four Arabic translation versions. The Arabic renderings are those of the Arabic Cultural Centre (2016), Rifaat Naseem (1975), Helmi Murad (2003) and Hanna Saeed (2021). The analysis is implemented according to the model proposed by Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) which tackles the different kinds of translation approaches and strategies available for the translator when handling the task of translating various kinds of texts. The study concludes that novice and unskilled translators might encounter serious difficulties and challenges in translating direct speech expressions due to the multiple meanings and connotations inherent in such expressions. It also concludes that context plays a vital role in defining the most appropriate rendering for the SL text.

Conversational networks: prophets and kings in the Old Testament

Abstract This article analyzes discourse in the Old Testament in terms of the frequency of direct speech between the main characters. We visualize the speakers, the hearers, and the amount of conversation between them in graphs known as conversational networks. We investigate whether these networks can help identify speech genres and significant relationships between biblical kings, prophets, and God. In an analysis on three books in the Minor Prophets, the networks are shown to reveal differences in book structure and speech genres including prophetic call, prayer, vision report, judgment speech, and historical narrative. In an analysis on the books of Samuel and King, the networks are shown to capture the web of relationships between kings and prophets, as well as divine communication with kings and prophets. Furthermore, we demonstrate that a comparison between these networks and their counterparts in Chronicles can visualize some major content differences identified in biblical research. These findings are expected to promote conversational networks as a visualization tool to support quantitative discourse analysis in the Bible.

Social Interaction among Religious Members in the Taekwondo Sibayak Club Organization

The purpose of this research is to determine the social interactions between religious communities that exist in a social organization, namely the Taekwondo Sibayak Club Organization. This research uses an ethnographic research method with a qualitative approach. This type of research is a case study, which is analytical-descriptive in the form of written words or direct quotations from observed speech and behavior. Researchers used data collection techniques in the form of observations carried out to observe behavior and phenomena that occurred in the Sibayak Club Taekwondo Organization. Researchers also conducted in-depth interviews using previously prepared methods and documentation. The results of this research show that social interaction between religious communities in the Taekwondo Sibayak Club Organization is established through activities and activities between followers of the Christian and Islamic religions such as sharing takjil, affirming sidi, breaking the fast, carrying out evening prayers, church services, New Year's gatherings, Eid al-Fitr gatherings, weddings, mourning, thanksgiving for entering a new house, and praying according to one's own beliefs.

The Aesthetic Expression of Abstract Calligraphy: Emotion and Form between Brush and Ink

Calligraphy is one of the most important visual art forms inherited from China for thousands of years. The visual formal resources contributed by the dots and structures of Chinese calligraphy are one of the wonders in the world art history. Among them, abstract calligraphy, as a unique art form, contains rich emotional expression and formal aesthetic exploration between brush and ink. This study adopts a qualitative research paradigm, through in-depth interviews with senior abstract calligraphers, art critics and scholars, combined with on-site observation of the creative process of calligraphy, literature analysis and interpretation of works, in order to comprehensively analyze the emotional connotation and formal vocabulary of abstract calligraphy, and to clarify the intrinsic connection and tension between the two. The results of the study show that in abstract calligraphy, the subject's emotional experience is the root power of modeling. Through the refinement and sublimation of life experience, the calligrapher injects the vibration of individual consciousness and philosophical thoughts into the brush and ink with the help of visual elements such as brush strokes, lines, and compositions. The brush and ink become the direct speech of the mind, and the viewer can feel the rhythm and bitterness of life, the struggle and emptiness of desire, the pursuit of tranquility and other rich emotional experiences in the works. At the same time, the careful construction of formal language is also the core of abstract calligraphy exploration. Through the mastery of brush and ink materials and writing momentum, the use of wet and dry contrast, white space, texture and other techniques, to create a shocking visual tension, giving people a strong experience of formal aesthetics. The study emphasizes that abstract calligraphy realizes a high degree of unity between emotion and form. On the one hand, the form itself carries the spiritual experience and inner emotion of the calligrapher; on the other hand, the emotion gives life and inner tension to the form. The two integrate and echo each other, forming an organic whole. It is this perfect combination of mind and form that makes abstract calligraphy become the visualization of human emotion and spiritual world, and triggers endless thoughts and resonance in the viewers. The researcher comprehensively analyzes the emotional core and formal qualities of abstract calligraphy from both theoretical and empirical levels, providing a new perspective for a deeper understanding of the unique aesthetic value of this art form.

Semantic Components of English Directive Speech Act Verbs (Order, Command, Instruct)

This research focuses on synonymous English speech act verbs that mean “giving order” (directive). The verbs analyzed in this study are those with very close synonymy, namely order, command, and instruct. The aim of this research is to describe in more detail the semantic behavior of the directive English speech act verbs through their semantic component. This semantics study is qualitative descriptive research. The data in this study were collected by using corpus linguistics and observation methods with note-taking techniques. The data source is the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA). There are 300 citations for each verb analyzed, which making in total 900 citations analyzed in the study. The study found that the verbs order, command, and instruct has eight semantic features/components that differentiate those three verbs, namely the components of authority, the way of saying, form of order, the duration of orders, level of urgency, actor and undergoer positions, domain of use, compliance level.

Shakespeare and Covid Drama in This England (Winterbottom, 2022)

This article considers the significance of different Shakespearean allusions in a political docudrama miniseries This England (2022), directed for Sky by Michael Winterbottom and scripted by Winterbottom and Kieron Quirke. The action focuses on the first crucial months in England after the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic, offering a panoramic view of the nation under duress as a newly formed government, with Boris Johnson at its helm, mishandles the crisis. The article seeks to explain the presence of multiple Shakespearean references, from the title alone, through numerous direct quotations to the casting of Kenneth Branagh as Johnson. Shakespearean traces play a pivotal, though confusing, role as they both critique the actions of the government and its leader by offering an ironic framing device while increasing the viewer’s sympathy for its central protagonist via the presence of a Shakespearean celebrity.

Influence of Perceived Health Risk Factors on Adoption of Community-Led Total Sanitation: A Case of Turkana Central Sub-County, Turkana County, Kenya

The primary objective of Sustainable Development Goal 6 target 2 is to achieve widespread accessibility to sufficient sanitation and hygiene facilities, therefore eliminating the practice of open defecation by the year 2030. One strategy for achieving this objective involves the implementation of Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS), a participatory method that allows communities to take on accountability for their sanitation behaviors. However, sustaining favorable changes after the implementation of the intervention continues to be a significant obstacle. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of perceived health risk factors on adoption of Community-Led Total Sanitation. The study was carried out on the household members of Lodwar township and Kalokol ward, targeting a sample size of 382 respondents The research utilized a convergent design methodology, which combined quantitative and qualitative data collection methods, enabling the simultaneous gathering of both types of data. Quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaires and observation checklist, while qualitative data were collected from Focus Group Discussions. A stratified sampling technique was applied to group the village units into strata and simple random sampling used in selection of household heads. Qualitative results were structured into themes and direct quotes. The study determined that an increase in perceived knowledge regarding health risks was associated with a higher likelihood of latrine presence (p-value< 0.05). Findings from multiple regression analysis also showed that education level was a significant predictor for awareness, understanding, and knowledge (p=0.000<0.05), while gender demonstrated a significant negative relationship with awareness and understanding p= -0.2573, suggested males score lower in these areas compared to females. Age correlated positively with awareness and was marginally significant for understanding (p=0.043), indicating that older individuals had higher scores. The study concluded that increased knowledge regarding health risk in terms of vulnerability and susceptibility influenced latrine presence at the households and thus the adoption of community-led total sanitation programs in Turkana Central Sub-County. The study highlighted the critical role of knowledge in achieving open defecation-free status in the area. The study recommended that CLTS interventions by the Ministry of Health and sanitation implementers place a particular focus on knowledge enhancement, to ensure that communities are better informed, which could lead to a higher likelihood of adopting improved sanitation practices, thereby reducing the prevalence of open defecation and related health issues.

INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT ON STUDENTS’ DISCIPLINE IN PUBLIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN TURKANA CENTRAL SUB-COUNTY, KENYA

This study assessed the influence of parental involvement on students’ discipline in public secondary schools in Turkana Central Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted a concurrent mixed-method design. The quantitative approach used a cross-sectional survey design, while qualitative data used a case study design. The target population was 15 public secondary schools, 15 principals, 330 teachers, and 3600 students. Simple random sampling was used to select 12 out of 15 public secondary schools. Criterion purposive sampling was used to include all the 12 principals and their respective 12 deputy principals. The 116 teachers were selected using stratified simple random sampling. Systematic sampling was adopted to select 360 out of 3600 students. Data collection tools included questionnaires and an in-depth interview guide. Both inferential and descriptive statistics were used to analyze quantitative data, which was presented in frequencies, percentages, tables and graphs. Qualitative data were analyzed using a thematic approach and presented in the form of narratives and direct quotations. The study revealed that the principal’s administrative practices, including parental involvement, significantly influence students' discipline in public secondary schools in Turkana Central Sub-County, Kenya. However, parents were found not effectively involved in matters concerning students’ discipline. The study recommends that principals establish clear and consistent discipline policies that are effectively communicated to students, parents, and staff. These policies should clearly outline expected behaviors, consequences for misconduct, and disciplinary procedures. Principals should also invite parents to participate in meetings concerning student discipline, as their involvement can provide valuable insights and foster a collaborative approach to behavioral management.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0702/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

HEAD TEACHERS' CANDIDATE PREPARATION STRATEGIES AND STUDENTS’ PERFORMANCE IN THE PRIMARY CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION IN CHIMOIO DISTRICT, MOZAMBIQUE

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of head teachers' candidate preparation strategies on students’ performance in the Primary Certificate of Education in Chimoio District, Mozambique. The objectives of this study were: to examine the influence of examination anxiety management on students’ academic performance and to evaluate the influence of motivation strategy on students’ academic performance in the Primary Certificate of Education in Chimoio District, Mozambique. A convergent parallel mixed method design was used. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey research design for quantitative data and a phenomenological design for qualitative data. The focus was on public primary schools, head teachers, teachers and Mozambique’s Ministry of Education officer. Simple random sampling was used to select 18 out of 23 primary schools and 125 out of 312 teachers; criterion purposive sampling was used to select 18 head teachers and 1 Ministry of Education officer. Proportionate sampling, simple random sampling, was used to select 316 out of 1500 students. Questionnaires were used to collect data from students and teachers. An interview guide was used to collect data from head teachers and the Ministry of Education officer. Instrument reliability was tested using the test-retest technique, where a score of 0.82 was realized. Quantitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 25, and findings were reported in percentages, frequency tables, and graphs. The qualitative data were analyzed into themes according to the research questions and reported in narratives and direct quotations. The study revealed that head teachers’ candidate preparation strategies, including, exam anxiety management and student motivation, have an influence on students’ academic performance in the Primary Certificate of Education in Chimoio District, Mozambique. The study recommended that in preparing candidates for examinations, head teachers should prioritize and promote intrinsic motivation strategies. These include fostering a supportive learning environment, encouraging student autonomy, and emphasizing the value of learning itself. Such strategies are expected to have a more sustainable and positive impact on student engagement and academic performance.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0615/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

Making Country Proud: The Role of Athletics in the Development of Eldoret City, Kenya

This study examined the impact of athletics on the development of Eldoret City from 1920-2020. The study was informed by the need to discuss in detail and document the development of athletics among the Kalenjin community in Kenya. To realize the above, the study utilized Social Constructivism and Self-efficacy theories. The study was guided by one objective: the development and impact of athletics among the Kalenjin community in Kenya from 1920 through 2020. The literature reviewed, global, regional, and local, helped identify the knowledge gap, hence the study’s justification. The philosophical paradigm that anchored this study is constructivist philosophy. The study is qualitative and has an applied historical research design. The sampling procedure entailed using purposive and snowball sampling to arrive at knowledgeable informants. The sample size of 20 informants was determined by saturation. Data collected was from primary and secondary sources. Primary sources entailed archival materials such as artefacts and photographs, while unstructured interview schedules were used to collect oral data. The secondary sources were the books, theses, journals, magazines, and newspapers. Using the qualitative method, the study analyzed data thematically and presented the findings through narration, direct quotes and descriptive texts. Photographs were also used to present the findings. According to the research findings, the Kalenjin community had traditional sports activities, primarily athletics. The thrust of the athletics was reminiscent of their cultural aspirations. Further, the study established that the development of athletics grew gradually in phases marked by the arrival of the European colonialists, the internationalization of sports in the 1950s and the emergence of Kenya as a world athletics player. The study additionally found that scholarship, employment opportunities, and acquisition of wealth through diverse investments are evident in Eldoret City. The town has recently grown into the 5th Kenyan City following a significant economic contribution from the athletics arena. The rise of the Kalenjin diaspora and the attraction of multinationals to local athletics constitute substantial socioeconomic and political impacts on athletics among the Kalenjin. The study thus recommends that the government improve funding for sports and fully implement the existing laws and policies

Exploring Speech Acts In "Heidi": An Analysis of Direct and Indirect Communication in Cinematic Dialogue

This research analyzes the use of speech acts in the movie Heidi, selected for its rich content and depiction of effective communication and moral values, particularly the importance of adaptation in a new environment. The character Heidi, a talkative young girl, provides valuable examples of how communication is established and maintained through her interactions. The study aims to identify the forms and meanings of speech acts used by the characters and to understand the interpretation of dialogues between speakers and hearers. The descriptive qualitative analysis method is employed to examine all utterances in Heidi that contain speech acts and speech strategies. The data are classified based on the forms of speech acts according to Wijana's theories and the meanings of speech acts using Searle's theory. The findings reveal the presence of various types of speech acts, including direct literal, direct nonliteral, indirect literal, and indirect nonliteral speech acts. Specifically, 133 utterances were analyzed and categorized into Representative (27), Directive (50), Expressive (31), Commissive (25), and Declarative (1). The study also shows that characters in the movie predominantly use directive speech acts. This research enhances the understanding of speech act theory and its application in film dialogues, emphasizing the importance of context and intention in interpreting communication.

Analysis of Illocutionary act in Rich Roll Podcast

This research examines illocutionary acts in the context of the Rich Roll's Podcast, focusing on the words spoken by renowned motivator David Goggins. The study aims to identify the most frequently used type of speech act and analyze their speech act arrangement throughout the podcast. Illocutionary acts go beyond literal meaning and encompass the speaker's intended effects, such as making promises, asking questions, giving orders, expressing opinions, making suggestions, and issuing apologies. The data source in this research was taken in Rich Roll Podcast with David Goggins as the guest of this podcast. The methodology that is used in this research is divided into 2 methods which are qualitative methods and quantitative methods. The data was supported by Searle's Theories that conveyed speech acts into 5 categories which are assertive, directive, commissive, expressive, and declarative. This data shows that the type of speech acts that don't exist from the data source are the Commissive and Directive Speech acts. Calculating the data in a total percentage can be shown as Assertive is 40%, Expressive is 46,7%, Declarative is 13,33% and 0% for Commissive and Directive.

Extent of Parents Involvement in Enhancing Public Secondary School Students' Discipline in Siha District, Tanzania

Abstract: This study investigated the extent to which parent involvement can enhance the discipline of public secondary school students in Siha District. The study employed a convergent design under a mixed-method approach. The targeted population of 17 public secondary schools contains 17 heads of schools, 17 discipline teachers, and 7553 students from public secondary schools in Siha District. A stratified random sampling technique was used to sample 380 students from 15 schools, and a total population purposive sampling technique was used for 15 heads of schools and 15 discipline teachers to form a sample of 410 respondents. The study utilised questionnaires and interview guides for data collection, with instrument validation done by experts in educational planning and admiration at Mwenge Catholic University. The established reliability coefficients for students Likert items found in questionnaires were 0.842. The reliability of qualitative research tools was established through triangulation. The qualitative data were presented in narrative form and direct quotations and analysed thematically. The quantitative data were presented in a table and summarised in frequencies, percentages, and mean scores. Rigorous adherence to ethical concerns all over the study. The study found that, to a large extent, parent involvement enhances discipline among public secondary school students. The study concluded that parental involvement is crucial in improving student discipline in public secondary schools. The study recommends prioritising parental involvement in addressing student discipline issues rather than resorting to other strategies.

Effective Communication in Action: Unveiling Teacher Speech Acts in Indonesian Language Education

The Community Service (PKM) aims to analyze the speech acts of teachers used when teaching Indonesian subjects to students at Tinggimoncong State Elementary School, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi Province. This service was carried out by involving Indonesian language teachers as partners in exploring the variety of speech acts used in delivering material in class. This service applied classroom observations, interviews, and recordings as data collection techniques. Data analysis used a qualitative approach, specifically a systematic coding of the observed interactions, to identify the dominant speech acts used by teachers when delivering the material. The results of the service show that the variety of speech acts used by teachers during Indonesian language learning are directive speech acts used to give instructions to students, expressive speech acts used to build emotional relationships with students, commissive speech acts, and declarative speech acts appear in explaining and giving teacher assignments to students. Teachers use assertive speech acts to express, state, and inform about subjects taught in class. This PKM activity also provides training to teachers on the application of speech acts that can increase the effectiveness of learning in the classroom. Implementing the findings positively impacts the communication skills of teachers teaching subjects, mainly Indonesian.

Unveiling Body Politics: The Grotesque and Alienated Representation of the Monster in Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein

Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein explores on the complexities of body politics and societal norms through the narrative of Victor Frankenstein and his creation, the monster. This research paper analyzes the novel through the lens of rejection, Otherness and the societal constructs of beauty and acceptance. The research investigates on the intricate intersections of various discourses in shaping the notion of “black body” throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Furthermore, it highlights on how Shelley’s portrayal of the hideous and marginalized body of the monster in her text aligns with the ideological constructions of black bodies. The monster, with his physical deformities and alien appearance, serves as a powerful symbol of the Other, highlighting society’s tendency to fear and ostracize those who are different. Drawing on Julia Kristeva’s concept of “the abject,” Michel Foucault’s notion of “biopower,” and Freud’s idea of “uncanny,” this paper searches how Shelly’s text reflects broader cultural anxieties and critiques societal norms. Through a detailed analysis of textual evidences, including direct quotes from the novel, this paper examines the implications of the monster’s rejection to socio-cultural norms and the societal forces that shape his identity. The paper concludes that exclusion of Frankenstein’s creation from the society directly stems from the societal constructs and responses towards bodies. Perception of bodies reflects more about the culture observing them than bodies themselves. In its essence, Frankenstein stands as a poignant narrative about the dangers of marginalization and the importance of empathy and acceptance in a diverse society. This paper underscores the critical need to understand how societal constructs shape perceptions of marginalized bodies, paving the way for future research to explore these dynamics in contemporary contexts and to develop strategies for fostering greater inclusion and acceptance.

DIRECTIVE UTTERANCES OF VERTICAL RELATIONSHIPS IN THE ANIME 'KAZE TACHINU'

This study aimed at describing the directive utterances as well as the grammatical markers of the utterances in the conversations with vertical relations in the anime entitled Kaze Tachinu. This study used Searle's (1979) theory of directive speech acts and employed a descriptive-qualitative method. It also utilized sociopragmatic approach as an additional perspective in the analysis. The result shows that various forms of directive utterances are spoken by characters who have higher social status towards the others from the lower ones. In total, there are 48 directive utterances found for both direct and indirect categories. Meirei (command) dominates with 40 utterances and is followed by irai (request) kinshi (prohibition), kanyuu (invitation) and adobaisu(advice), each of which has two utterances.