Quota Selection Research Articles

직업선택의 자유의 제한과 자격제도

This article begins with a fundamental question about the level of qualifications required by the qualification system and conducts a constitutional review of the unconstitutionality of the quota system selection method in the qualification system. While the qualification system is essentially intended to evaluate qualifications and abilities, the quota system is seen as being determined by a complex combination of social demands and other interests. However, in the 2008 Heonba 110 decision, the Constitutional Court ruled that the quota system (relative evaluation) selection method under the bar examination system did not violate the principle of prohibition of excess, and this article examines the arguments of the existing Constitutional Court decision to discuss the various qualification systems currently in progress. In this regard, the intention was to proceed with a constitutional explanation regarding the quota system. In the main text, the review criteria for freedom of occupational choice are identified as a prerequisite, the German three-stage theory and the Constitutional Court are compared and reviewed, and then the Constitutional Court decision is reviewed. In conclusion, this article believes that the quota selection method contains objective factors that are unrelated to the ability or talent of the person involved. Even if some subjective reasons are acknowledged, it would be necessary to conduct a more rigorous review of the restrictions on occupational choice in the case, at least in the sense that objective reasons are also present. Furthermore, as a result of a new review of the Constitutional Court's argument, we looked at the quota system from the perspective that it violates the principle of prohibition of excess and has the potential to infringe on occupational freedom. In order to reduce the unconstitutionality of the quorum system, it is believed that there is a need to reform the qualification system by at least incorporating the method of absolute evaluation so that it can be objectively recognized as a verification to evaluate ability or qualifications.

Education as a Tool of Engagement in Sport and Physical Activity

The paper deals with the issue of education and its relationship with sports and other physical activities among the Czech adult population. The main goal of the paper is to find out if the level of reached education is related with attitudes towards sports and other physical activities and with their consequent realization as well. The research was realized by the questionnaire SFSPA (Social Role of the Sport and Physical Activity) in the years 2019-2020. The research sample consisted of 1000 respondents (486 men and 514 women) from all over the Czech Republic. All respondents were questioned personally, their participation was voluntary, and all data were anonymized. For determination the research sample, we used a stratified quota selection with regards to sex, age and residence. The data were processed by using first and second level data sorting, specifically pivot tables. Furthermore, correlation analysis and statistical significance (χ2 ) were used. The results clearly testified that the grade of reached education has a positive connection with a relationship towards sports and other physical activities.

The problem of anesthesia of regional society (on the example of the Republic of Mordovia)

Target: the aim is to identify the factors contributing to the involvement of the population of the Republic of Mordovia in drug use.Materials and methods. The study was conducted among residents of the Republic of Mordovia aged 14 to 60 years. Here we used a multi-stage sampling with quota selection of respondents at the last stage. A two-stage cluster analysis was applied to determine the factors of population involvement in drug use.Results. The study showed that the population is aware of the seriousness of the problem of drug addiction in the country. However, other questions require priority resolution at the respondent’s place of residence.The article compares the indicators of the spread of non-medical drug use according to official medical statistics and the results of sociological research. There is a discrepancy between the values of the prevalence of non-medical drug use according to the data of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Mordovia and the data of sociological studies. According to the study, the proportion of the population of Mordovia who consume drugs is 0,7%. The main factors of involvement in drug use were the social environment, the influence of the Internet, and the availability of narcotic drugs.Conclusion. According to the analysis, two clusters are identified. The first one forms the majority (90%) of the inhabitants of Mordovia. It includes those who have not received offers to try drugs, do not use the Internet to get information about drugs and who do not have drug users in their social environment. The second cluster (10%) included respondents who received an offer to try drugs, who were familiar with drug users and resorted to the Internet for drug information. The socio-demographic characteristics of the second cluster differ from the general sample, men prevail here, and the population in the age ranges from 21 to 25 years, 26–30 years and 31–35 years.

Qualitative Study of the Mobile Application Concept Among T2D Patients

Self-care is the most fundamental and vital component of diabetes management. It necessitates patient participation in disease management activities such as nutrition, physical activity, medication adherence, and foot care procedures. However, developments in smartphone technology have created new options for diabetes self-management and diabetes education. The purpose of this study is to gain an overview of the mobile application concept that is expected among T2D patients in order to build application-based therapies based on the research site. This research method employs qualitative approaches in conjunction with a grounded theory approach. The approach employed is the sampling quota selection method. A Focus Group Discussion (FGD) was held with all qualified participants. A grounded theory technique was used to analyze the data. The findings of the study highlighted six themes: 1) Diet, 2) psychological activity, 3) medication alarms, 4) blood glucose monitoring, and 5) reduced worry (knowledge about health problems), 6) Consulting with health-care providers and asking questions. Self-care management can improve the quality of life of T2D patients. Diabetes patients in Indonesia are treated in a variety of ways; a link between patient experience, care, and health support is required.

EVALUATING THE PATH TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

The goal of the current study is to evaluate the state of Uzbekistan’s tourist industry, with a focus on Samarkand,Khiva, and plus Bukhara. The respondents were chosen through quota selection, which had a total of 97 respondents inmind. Of those, 34 were from the cities of Samarkand, 33 were from Bukhara, and 33 were from Khiva.

The role of the Lendtech sector in the consumer credit market in the context of household financial exclusion

Research background: According to the World Bank (2020), about 60% of adults in developing countries do not use formal financial services. Furthermore, according to the Polish Association of Loan Institutions (2022), about 3 million Poles use loans, most of them obtained online. Among the reasons for more than a decade of growth of interest in the non-bank consumer lending market there are the development of modern technology applications in finance and the establishment of the Lendtech sector. Purpose of the article: The main goal of the paper is to verify the role played by the Lendtech (LT) sector in the consumer credit market in the context of household financial exclusion. The following research questions were asked: Do credit-excluded households take advantage of LT services and, if so, to what extent? What are the behaviours and preferences of those who use consumer credit offered by LT? Do socio-demographic characteristics determine consumer use of loans offered by LT and, if so, what are they? Is the use of loans offered by LT due to credit exclusion or other factors? What action should be taken by participants in the digital consumer loan market interested in its inclusive direction? Methods: The paper uses the following methods: critical analysis of the literature, Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney test, and nonparametric regression algorithm: k-nearest neighbors, as well as inductive inference methods. The data used is primary in nature and comes from a nationwide survey, September 2022 (CAWI method) of 1,200 Poles, of whom 200 respondents are Lendtech customers. The quota selection applied made it possible to reflect characteristics corresponding to the population of customers of lending institutions registered in BIK databases. Findings & value added: The article is a pioneering study based on an independent scientific survey, devoted to the Polish LT services market considered in terms of its relationship with one of the types of financial exclusion: credit exclusion. The most important conclusion is that people at risk of credit exclusion find a financing substitute in the LT sector, and thus it plays an important role in reducing financial exclusion, while maintaining the principle of creditworthiness verification.

Strengthening the Role of Public Health Service: a Comparison of the Public Health Service Quota Selection Procedures in Germany

To combat the shortage of skilled workers in the Public Health Service sector, the federal states of Bavaria, Hesse, Rhineland-Palatinate, and Saxony-Anhalt have a study placement system for students of Public Health Service. A comparison of the selection procedures showed that three out of the four federal states (Bavaria, Hesse, and Rhineland-Palatinate) used a two-step procedure. In the second step, eligibility for was determined based on interviews to assess social and communication skills as well as personal aptitude of the applicants to study and work in the Public Health Service. To find out whether the role of the Public Health Service and public health care is strengthened by the quotas, a nationwide comparison of the selection procedures including evaluation is necessary.

Opinions of citizens of the Czech Republic on the role of nurses in primary care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

In spite of the general current decrease in COVID-19 incidence, the epidemiological situation on the territory of the Czech Republic is still unfavourable. Nurses play an essential role in the fight against this disease. A non-standardized questionnaire was used to discover the expectations regarding nursing care provided during the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample of respondents was constructed using quota selection. The sample consisted of 1,815 respondents. The study identified a significant correlation between the age of respondents and the method used to contact general practitioners (p < 0.001). The oldest respondents (65+) more likely contacted GPs by phone. Respondents with basic education used outpatient services more often before than during the pandemic (p < 0.05). The behaviour of nurses was considered as professional and accommodating. The oldest respondents (65+) reported nurses did not to make them feel rushed. Other age groups rated nurses more critically (p < 0.01). Respondents, especially women, described the psychological burden on nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic as demanding (p < 0.01). Women, more than men, reported that nurses lacked protective equipment during the pandemic (p < 0.05). The use of an online system was significantly influenced by respondent education (p 0.001). Respondents with lower education were less likely to welcome this option. Due to the persisting COVID-19 incidence on the territory of the Czech Republic, citizens` opinions of the position of nurse in primary care in the period of COVID- 19 pandemics need to be known.The behaviour of nurses was considered to be accommodating and satisfactory.

ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНАЯ МОБИЛЬНОСТЬ РОССИЙСКОЙ МОЛОДЕЖИ: КЛЮЧЕВЫЕ РИСКИ

Objective of the study is: to reveal the risks of professional mobility of Russian youth in the conditions of modern reality of Russian regions. The methodological basis of the research is based on the data of sociological studies conducted in the Republic of Crimea and the Rostov region among students and working youth. 1) survey of students aged 17-24 years (N = 337 − in the Rostov region; N = 652 − in the Republic of Crimea). Bachelors, masters and postgraduates of full-time education took part in the survey; 2) survey of working youth aged 18 to 35 years (N = 536 − in the Rostov region; N = 548 – in the Republic of Crimea). The sample of the study is a multi-stage zoned with quota selection of observation units (respondents) at the last stage, broken down by type of settlement, age, gender, professional status. Research results. The social consequences of the identified risks are associated with downward professional mobility, which manifests itself in the high dynamics of employed young workers with higher education in fields of activity that are far from the specialty received at the university and do not assume the received level of professional education. At the same time, professional insolvency is not regarded by young people as an indicator of downward social mobility, since the dominant indicators of life success in the youth environment do not contain a professional component as the most important. Prospects of the study are connected with further research of professional and labor needs and motivations of young people in relation to the process of professional self-determination and professionalization at the stage of study at the university.

Student Nurses as Modern Digital Nomads: Developing Nursing Skills Competence and Confidence through Video-Based Learning

The nursing staff's skills proficiency is associated with healthcare outcomes. The cornerstone of any nursing curriculum is preparing graduates to deliver safe, high-quality nursing care. The COVID-19 pandemic has, indeed, revolutionized nursing education with the adoption of innovative pedagogical strategies like blended learning. This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of video-based instruction to determine students’ performance and confidence levels in selected nursing procedures. It also intends to investigate the factors that influencing students' nursing skills performance and confidence level. This study employed a quasi-experimental research design. This study included a total enumeration of 44 enrolled students in the nursing diploma program. The researcher divided the students into two groups by quota selection. The control group had a face-to-face teaching session in the lab. For the study group, the students recorded videos of the said procedures three times and submitted them to the faculty through the Blackboard platform. The study group scored significantly higher than the control group in different demonstration times. Specifically, the students from the study group got handwashing performance scores higher in both the first, second trials and during the final evaluation than those in the control group. This study concluded how students’ motivation and participation could improve learning outcomes. This blending of web-based training and audio-visual media provides numerous benefits. The mean self-confidence score is significantly higher in the study group than in the control group. This experience illustrates how audio-visual material can be employed to teach other nursing subjects.

Quota Admission Policy and Its Impact on Equitable Access to Quality Secondary School Education in Kakamega County, Kenya

Through its secondary school quota admission policy, the Ministry of Education in Kenya endeavors to ensure equitable access to quality secondary school education opportunities by placing students into various categories of secondary schools based on sub county quotas as well as public-private primary schools quotas. The quota admission policy is intended to ensure that students from lower socioeconomic status are given opportunities to attend national and extra county secondary schools. However, every year after the initial placement of students into various categories of secondary schools about 23.01% of students fail to join secondary schools of initial placement but seek transfer to join other schools through a replacement process. In this regard, the aim of this study was to examine the impact of quota admission policy on equitable access to quality secondary school education in Kakamaga County in Kenya. The specific objectives of this study were; (i) to determine the impact of students’ type of primary school attended on equitable access to quality secondary school education opportunities, (ii) to determine the impact of students’ sub county of residence on equitable access to quality secondary school education opportunities, (iii) to determine the impact of students’ socioeconomic status on equitable access to quality secondary school education opportunities. Stratified sampling, proportional sampling and simple random sampling techniques were used to arrive at a sample of 280 students from 2 National schools, 480 from 6 Extra County schools, 500 from 7 County schools, and 960 from 30 Sub County secondary schools. The sample also included 45 principals. Descriptive research design was adopted for the study. Questionnaires were used to collect data and descriptive statistics used to analyze the collected data. The study findings indicated a higher representation of students who attended private primary schools in the national (63.1%) and extra county (56.5%) secondary schools compared to students who attended public primary schools. The results further indicated that students from upper (57.3%) and middle (50.8%) socioeconomic status were highly represented in the national and extra county secondary schools compared to students from lower socioeconomic status. The study recommends that the government should address factors that impede students who attend public primary schools especially those from lower socioeconomic status to join national and extra county secondary schools. Keywords: quota selection admission policy, equitable access, quality secondary education, socioeconomic status, initial placement, replacement. DOI: 10.7176/JEP/13-32-07 Publication date: November 30 th 2022

Positive and Negative Affects and Cultural Attitudes among Representatives of the Host Population and Second-Generation Migrants in Russia and Kazakhstan

The experience of experiencing a new culture for first-generation migrants is usually quite an intense occurrence, one that has become the subject of numerous studies. However, the question of what happens later, at the level of the second and subsequent generations, is still under-investigated. The purpose of this study was to analyze the predictors of positive and negative affect of the second generation of migrants and representatives of the host (indigenous) population in Kazakhstan and Russia. The study involved 300 people selected on the basis of the principle of proportionality (quota selection). Survey methods and mathematical methods of data processing, including SEM (structural equation modeling), were used. The research model included comparative analysis of averages, regression analysis, and path analysis. The results testified in favor of the similarity of positive and negative affect indicators and their ratios in representatives of the host community and the second generation of migrants. Cultural attitudes of the host community representatives were characterized by higher certainty and rigidity than those of the representatives of the second generation of migrants. As a result of structural modeling, it was found that 20% of the positive affect dispersion in the representatives of the host community and 17% in the representatives of the second generation of migrants were conditioned by values, identity, and cultural attitudes. Positive affect in the representatives of the host community was associated with the values of self-overcoming, ethno-nihilism-based identity, and participation in cultural life of other peoples. Positive affect in representatives of the second generation of migrants was associated with the values of openness, attitude towards changing one’s ethnic identity, positive attitude towards cultural borrowings, and a tendency to observe the traditions of one’s ethnic group. Proposals have been formulated that contribute to reducing the cultural disunity of second-generation migrants and the host population.

Выбор профессии в системе формирования профессионально-квалификационного потенциала студенческой молодежи Ростовской области (по итогам социологического опроса)

Introduction. The relevance of the topic of the article is explained by crisis factors in the system of professionalization of modern youth of Russian regions. One of the indicators of its professional level and the key to successful adaptation in the vocational field is vocational potential. Its formation is a series of stages in the life of young people, and the most important of them is the choice of profession. Methods. The empirical basis of the study is presented by the results of a sociological survey conducted among students of universities of the Rostov region: Don State Agrarian University, Southern Federal University, Platov South-Russian State Polytechnic University (NPI). The representativeness of the empirical framework is provided by using a multivariate stratified sample model with quota selection of observation units (respondents). The total number of students surveyed was 1214 people. Results of the study. During the study, it becomes clear that students are generally satisfied with the choice of profession (specialty); when choosing a profession, most were guided by their own interest in professional activity and advice from parents, however, students do not have a clear idea of ​ ​ the future profession, and especially with regard to job responsibilities and the organization of the labor process. First of all students expect achieving material well-being from future work, but also interest in professional development plays an important role. The dominant material component becomes a source of subsequent difficulties during the first employment and disappointments in profession.

PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF POVERTY IN SELECTED LIFE DIMENSIONS

Poverty is a phenomenon that receives a lot of attention from a wide range of professionals as well as the lay public. This is a serious problem that significantly changes the lives and functions of individuals, families, as well as communities.&#x0D; The aim of this study was to find out how society perceives the consequences of poverty in individual dimensions of human life selected by us and also to find differences in perception of the consequences of poverty in terms of the selected demographic data (gender, place where the respondent lives, place of residence – city or countryside, faith, employment status, shared household, benefits in material deprivation, and an opinion on who should primarily address the problem of poverty). A quantitative research strategy was implemented using a self-designed questionnaire. The questionnaire contained 37 items and focused on the perception of poverty and its consequences in our selected areas. The questionnaire contained 6 basic dimensions, resp. areas. These were the health area, the hygiene area, the social area, the psychological area, the structural area and the housing area. We used a deliberate and quota selection (region, gender). The total sample (n) consisted of 384 respondents. The average age of the respondents was 36.30 ± 12.91 years old (min. 18, max. 75).&#x0D; The results did not show a statistically significant difference in the perception of areas most affected by poverty in terms of gender; in terms of receiving benefits in material need, there was a statistically significant difference in health, mental health, housing and social affairs. In terms of residence (countryside, city), a statistical difference was recorded only in the area of ​​health. There were also significant statistical differences in the area of geography (the region in which the respondent lives), in the area of health and hygiene, and the structural area. The practice of faith has proven to be an important determinant of the perception of poverty, especially in the social and psychological spheres. We also noticed differences in the perception of poverty in some areas in terms of shared household and employment status.

Towards Sustainable Private Labels in an Autonomous Community during COVID-19—Analysis of Consumer Behavior and Perception on the Example of Tenerife

Our study aimed to analyze consumer behavior and perception towards private labels (PLs) in Tenerife as an autonomous community during COVID-19, with special attention given to sustainability aspects. The research was conducted on a sample of 500 adults purchasing PLs using quota selection and the CAWI method. We formulated four research questions related to factors of PL choice, the relationship between frequency of PL purchases, consumers’ age and income, perceived changes in PLs, and evaluation of PL products including sustainability. The latter research question referred to such product characteristics as local and environmentally friendly production, organic production, and production according to traditional technologies using only natural ingredients. For a detailed analysis of consumer behavior, we used Pearson’s chi-square test, the rho-Spearman correlation coefficient, and cluster analysis. The most important factors for purchasing PL products were lower prices compared to leading brands, attachment to a given chain, and the feeling of safety and trust in PL products. The frequency of purchase of PL food products, except for alcohol, significantly negatively correlates with age, which means that the purchase of PLs from the analyzed product categories decreases with age. The increased availability and improved image and quality of PLs were identified as the most important changes in PLs. PL food products were rated by consumers as fresh, minimally processed and with quality certificates. Environmentally friendly production methods, nutritional value, and origin from an area close to home were also indicated.

Innovativeness of Senior Consumers’ Attitudes – An Attempt to Conduct Segmentation

Abstract Research background: Ageing societies is a global phenomenon. In the media and the press, there strongly exists a stereotype of elderly people being poorly adjusted to social change, lonely, poor and not open to market novelties. However, an in-depth description of the senior consumer market segment shows their high degree of variety and differentiation in their approach to purchasing product innovations. Purpose: The aim of the article is to present a model of segmentation of older people according to the criterion of their attitudes towards innovation on the FMCG market. Research methodology: The source of information for building the typology was personal interviews conducted in 2018 with people aged over 60 in Greater Poland (the Wielkopolska region). The selection of respondents (the sample consisted of 1,451 people) was carried out using the quota selection method. The K-means clustering algorithm was applied to classify the respondents into clusters. Results: The research procedure allowed for the identification of different segments of senior consumers: reluctant conservatives, knowledgeable traditionalists, aspiring withdrawn/passive, unaware practical and rational innovators. Novelty: The results of the analysis of the segmentation of senior consumers confirm that people actively interested in product innovations on the FMCG market constitute a relatively small part of the elderly population (18.0%) and that there is a clear relationship between the attitude towards innovation and the characteristics of consumers in terms of economic, demographic and social variables.

Opportunities to improve the system of social protection of graduates of institutional institutions in Uzbekistan

The article analyzes the results of a sociological study of the prospects for improving the system of social protection of graduates of institutional institutions in Uzbekistan. The focus groups were used to study the education, employment, socio-psychological and socio-economic conditions of young people who graduated from an educational institution. The quota selection method was purposefully formed from 18-25-year-old graduates of the head office. the procedures established by the legislation, graduating young people face regular problems in the issue of housing provision.

The Fears of Elderly People in the Process of Purchasing Food Products

Abstract Research background: The growing segment of elderly consumers implies the need to permanently explore the needs and expectations of older people in relation to the offer of food products. This is because, as the research results show, the households of the elderly are characterized by the different fulfillment of needs compared to others. Purpose: The survey conducted among people over 60 in 2019 was aimed at determining the selected concerns of senior consumers related to the safety of food products. Research methodology: The research among people over 60 years of age was conducted in the Wielkopolska region (of Poland) in 2019 on a sample of 373 people. The respondents were selected using the quota selection method. Results: The vast majority of seniors point to a variety of concerns about the safety of food products. This is surprising, as the respondents equally often emphasize that food in Poland is safe. Novelty: The observations are an important implication for producers or commercial agents – their task is to prepare messages to confirm that the food products offered meet the quality requirements. The process of educating older people can be made difficult – primarily through their well-established (over the years) nutritional practices related to the purchase and consumption of those products that are essential for life.

Comparison of influence of selected viral advertising attributes on shopping behavior of Millennials – empirical study

The study aims to evaluate the impact of selected factors of viral campaigns on Millennials customers’ consumer behavior. This goal was achieved in two steps: in the first step, the authors determined the impact of selected attributes on purchasing behavior in general, and in the second step, they compared the impact of the selected research campaigns – the guerrilla campaign of the company 4KA and the viral campaign of the company ABSOLUT. The inputs to the analyses were obtained through answers from 360 respondents, which completed the questionnaire on a sample of Millennials customers generation (1975–2000) – social generation, which collaborate and cooperate, expect technology to simply work for adventure and passionate about values (Smith, Nichols, 2015). The survey part of the questionnaire consisted of 8 attributes (Novelty, Relevance, Aesthetics, Clarity, Humor, Emotion arousal, Surprise, Design, Purchase intention). Data were collected based on participants’ availability and their will to participate in the questionnaire and quota selection. The PLS PM method was used to assess the impact, and the bootstrap-based parametric method was used to assess the difference in the impact. One of the most important findings is that attributes such as Novelty, Relevance, Humor, and Surprise significantly affect purchasing behavior. Concerning the company 4KA, significant impacts were seen in Relevance and Surprise, and with the company ABSOLUT, significant impacts were seen in Relevance, Humor, and Surprise. When analyzing the difference in the impact, there were no significant differences between the campaigns. Acknowledgment This article is one of the partial outputs under the scientific research grant VEGA 1/0694/20, VEGA 1/0609/19.

Non-market non-timber forest products in the Czech Republic—Their socio-economic effects and trends in forest land use

Non-timber forest products (NTFP), mainly edible mushrooms, forest berries, and medicinal plants, are of socio-economic importance in the Czech Republic (CR). They can be picked freely by forest visitors for their own use, irrespective of forest ownership. There is a century long tradition of foraging for wild food in the Czech forests and this article presents an analysis of the trends in the apparent socio-economic importance of the collection and use of NTFP for the inhabitants in the CR over the last 20 years.Data concerning the collection and use of NTFP in the CR have been systematically analysed every year since 1994 and, thus, a unique time series, even on the European level, has been obtained. The results of the analyses demonstrate that NTFP collection is an important activity for the inhabitants of the CR. Investigations based on questionnaire surveys in representative samples of CR citizens (quota selection) show that about 3/4 of the households report collecting NTFP. On average, 10.6kg of principal NTFP (mushrooms and berries) were picked by every household annually in 1994–2013, which amounts to 39.1milkg (almost 4kg/capita), and 3100mil. Czech Crowns (CZK), in the total CR. This value corresponds to 1/6 of the timber harvest value in an average year. Nevertheless, (in recent years) the share is even higher, exceeding 20% of the timber harvest value. A comparatively small part of the population collect NTFP to save money and an even lower share sell NTFP. The data obtained in these studies aims to improve the quality of the state forestry policy focused on the optimum use of NTFP, to enhance the income from forests, to support NTFP commercial production and to raise the level of forest conservation.