Successful Quitters Research Articles

Comparison of attempts and plans to quit tobacco products among single, dual, and triple users.

Tobacco users are categorized as single, dual, and triple users based on the number of tobacco products (cigarettes, e-cigarettes, and heated tobacco products) used. This study addressed a literature gap by examining how adult Korean tobacco users' quit attempts/plans differed based on the user type, and the associated psychosocial and subjective health-related factors. We used a questionnaire to examine participants' self-reported health, stress, health concerns, health behavior, tobacco addiction, intentions/plans to quit, and demographic characteristics. Data were analyzed using chi-squared tests, one-way analysis of variance, and multiple linear regression. Of the 1288 tobacco users, 55.4%, 28.3%, and 16.4% were single, dual, and triple users, respectively. Self-rated health and stress were lowest among single users and highest among triple users. Most user types had intentions/plans to quit, especially triple users. Quit attempts and plans increased with increasing health behaviors and time elapsed before first tobacco use in the morning, but decreased with higher stress and self-rated addiction. Intentions/plans to quit tobacco use varied based on the type of tobacco user. Multiple users had higher self-rated health, plans to quit, and self-reported addiction; they considered themselves healthy or engaged in healthy behaviors to offset problems from tobacco use and used multiple tobacco products to quit smoking. Highly stressed users had fewer plans to quit and used tobacco for stress relief. Thus, the provision of accurate information about tobacco products and stress management is important to promote successful quitting.

Two novel prehabilitation apps to help patients stop smoking and risky drinking prior to hip and knee arthroplasty

PurposeDaily smoking or risky drinking increases the risk of complications after surgery by ~50%. Intensive prehabilitation aimed at complete cessation reduces the complication rate but is time-consuming. The purpose of this study was to carry out preoperative pilot tests (randomized design) of the feasibility (1A) and validation (1B) of two novel prehabilitation apps, habeat® (Ha-app) or rehaviour® (Re-app).MethodsPatients scheduled for hip or knee arthroplasty with daily smoking, risky drinking, or both were randomised to one of the two apps. In part 1A, eight patients and their staff measured feasibility on a visual analog scale (VAS) and were interviewed about what worked well and the challenges requiring improvement. In part 1B, seven patients and their staff tested the improved apps for up to two weeks before validating the understanding, usability, coverage, and empowerment on a VAS and being interviewed.ResultsIn 1A, all patients and staff returned scores of ≥5 for understanding the apps and mostly suggested technical improvements. In 1B, the scores varied widely for both apps, with no consensus achieved. Two of four patients (Ha-app) and one-third of the patients (Re-app) found the apps helpful for reducing smoking, but without successful quitting. The staff experienced low app competencies among patients and high time consumption. Specifically, patients most often needed help for the Ha-app, and the staff most often for Re-app; however, the staff reported the Re-app dashboard was more user-friendly. Support and follow-up from an addiction specialist staff member were suggested to complement the apps, thereby increasing the time consumption for staff.ConclusionsThis pilot study to test prototype apps generated helpful feedback for the app developers. Based on the patient and staff comments, multiple improvements in functionality seem required before scaling up the evaluation for effect on prehabilitation and postoperative complications.

Gender differences in cigarette smoking cessation attempts among adults who smoke and drink alcohol at high levels: Findings from the 2018–2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys

BackgroundThis study examined the association between alcohol consumption and smoking cessation behaviour of adults who smoke in four countries. MethodsData came from 4275 adults (≥18 years) who smoked tobacco ≥ monthly and participated in the 2018 and 2020 International Tobacco Control Four Country Smoking and Vaping Surveys (Australia: n = 720; Canada: n = 1250; US: n = 1011; England: n = 1294). The 2018 Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C) survey data coded into three levels (‘never/low’, ‘moderate’ or ‘heavy’ consumption) were analysed using multivariable logistic regression models to predict any smoking cessation attempts and successful cessation by 2020 survey, and whether this differed by gender and country. ResultsCompared to never/low alcohol consumers, only those who drink heavily were less likely to have made a quit smoking attempt (40.4 % vs. 43.8 %; AOR = 0.69, 95 % CI = 0.57–0.83, p < .001). The association differed by gender and country (3-way interaction, p < .001), with females who drink heavily being less likely to attempt to quit smoking in England (AOR = 0.27, 95 % CI = 0.15–0.49, p < .001) and Australia (AOR = 0.38, 95 % CI = 0.19–0.77, p = .008), but for males, those who drink moderately (AOR = 2.18, 95 % CI = 1.17–4.06, p = .014) or heavily (AOR = 2.61, 95 % CI = 1.45–4.68, p = .001) were more likely to make a quit attempt in England only. Alcohol consumption did not predict quit success. ConclusionHeavy alcohol use among adults who smoke appears to only undermine the likelihood of trying to quit smoking with some variation by gender and country of residence, but not their chances of succeeding if they tried.

Effect of the Nicotine Replacement Therapy on Biomarkers of Inflammation, Endothelial Dysfunction, Oxidative Stress, and Lipids in Smokers Who Quit Smoking.

Our previous study showed major changes in biomarkers on quitting compared to the smoking state. They reflected a decrease in inflammation, endothelial activation, and oxidative stress, as well as an improved lipid profile. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is effective to increase the rate of successful quitting, but healthcare professionals may have concerns to prescribe this first-line smoking cessation treatment because its effect on inflammation and related processes is controversial. The present study assessed the influence of NRT on biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and lipids, in people who quit smoking. Sixty-five subjects who daily smoke cigarettes were recruited and followed on quitting. Thirty-five quit using NRT and thirty quit without NRT. Biomarkers of inflammation, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and lipids were quantified at baseline when actively smoking and after cessation in the presence of NRT or not. Changes in biomarkers on quitting did not differ according to the treatment used. No difference was found when comparing participants who were exposed to NRT and those who were not. These results may indicate that NRT has no effect on inflammation, endothelial function, oxidative stress, and lipids, when used as a medication aid for quitting smoking. This study provides new evidence to support the safety profile of NRT products regarding the biomarkers of endothelial function, oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipids.

The gold standard program (GSP) for smoking cessation: a cohort study of its effectiveness among smokers with and without cancer

Background Smoking cessation treatment is an important prognostic factor for survival after a cancer diagnosis, especially for tobacco-related cancers. After being diagnosed with lung cancer, approximately 50% of patients continue smoking or frequently relapse after a quit attempt. Given the importance of smoking cessation treatment for cancer survivors, the objective was to compare the effectiveness of a 6-week intensive smoking cessation intervention, the Gold Standard Program (GSP), among cancer survivors compared with smokers without cancer. Second, we compared successful quitting among socioeconomically disadvantaged cancer survivors with that among nondisadvantaged cancer survivors. Materials and Methods This was a cohort study based on 38,345 smokers from the Danish Smoking Cessation Database (2006–2016). Linkage to the National Patient Register was used to identify cancer survivors undergoing the GSP after being diagnosed with cancer (except nonmelanoma skin cancer). Linkage to the Danish Civil Registration System was used to identify participants who died, went missing, or emigrated before the follow-up. Logistic regression models were applied to evaluate effectiveness. Results and Conclusion Six percent (2438) of the included smokers were cancer survivors at the time they undertook the GSP. Their 6-month successful quitting showed no difference compared to that of smokers without cancer, neither before nor after adjustment; 35% versus 37% in crude rates and an aOR of 1.13 (95% CI: 0.97–1.32). Likewise, the results for disadvantaged compared to nondisadvantaged cancer survivors were not significantly different (32% versus 33% and an adjusted aOR of 0.87 (95% CI 0.69–1.11)). Overall, an intensive smoking cessation program seems effective in helping both people without cancer and cancer survivors become successful quitters.

Quit smoking: methods and outcomes for Norwegian adults

BackgroundTobacco smoking still represents one of the most significant preventable causes of death and poor health, and higher success rates for people trying to quit smoking would benefit both public and individual health. Achieving this requires better knowledge of factors that might improve the chances of successful quitting. This study aims to investigate cessation activities and explore associations between outcomes of smoking cessation attempts and use of cessation aids, previous cessation attempts, and attempt-planning.MethodsUsing data from a national web panel (N = 1424), smoking cessation activities and use of smoking cessation aids by people who smoke or have smoked are studied bivariately and in adjusted models.ResultsAlmost half the sample had not used a cessation aid in the last quit attempt. Snus was the most common cessation aid, followed by NRTs and ECs. In adjusted models, snus use increased the likelihood of quitting. Planning an attempt and earlier quit attempts were associated with less quitting.ConclusionPresently, switching to snus seems to be the most effective and efficacious method for quitting smoking in Norway.

Smoking cessation - better together: A retrospective cohort study.

Smoking is the leading preventable cause of death and illness globally. There is conflicting evidence regarding the association between quitting rates and partners' smoking status. It is thought that spouses influence one another's health habits, including smoking. This study aims to evaluate this association in patients who made a smoking cessation attempt with pharmacotherapy. For this Israeli nationwide retrospective cohort study, we randomly selected patients who filled a prescription for varenicline as part of their smoking cessation process and were partnered. The participants were asked to complete a questionnaire 26-52 weeks after the first varenicline purchase. The independent variables were the partner's smoking status at the beginning of the smoking cessation process and while answering the questionnaire. The outcome was a success in the quitting process. In all, 226 (50%) participants had partners who smoked at the beginning of the quitting process, and 230 (50%) had non-smoking partners; 178 (39%) participants reported successful smoking cessation. There was a significant difference in success rates depending on partners' smoking status at the end of the process, with success rates of 39% with a non-smoking partner, 76% with a partner who also stopped smoking, and 31% with a partner who continued smoking (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that having a partner who stopped smoking during the quitting process was associated with higher odds of quitting compared with having a non-smoking partner (OR=4.73; 95% CI: 1.86-12.05). This study showed that both partners quitting was associated with increased odds of successful quitting. Health providers should make efforts to engage both partners in smoking cessation.

Reinstatement of nicotine conditioned place preference in a transgenerational model of drug abuse vulnerability in psychosis: Impact of BDNF on the saliency of drug associations.

Psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia are often accompanied by high rates of cigarette smoking, reduced quit success, and high relapse rates, negatively affecting patient outcomes. However, the mechanisms underlying altered relapse-like behaviors in psychosis are poorly understood. The present study analyzed changes in extinction and reinstatement of nicotine conditioned place preference (CPP) and resulting changes in brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in a novel heritable rodent model of psychosis, demonstrating increased dopamine D2 receptor sensitivity, to explore mechanisms contributing to changes in relapse-like behaviors. Male and female offspring of two neonatal quinpirole-treated (1mg/kg quinpirole from postnatal day (P)1-21; QQ) and two neonatal saline-treated (SS) Sprague-Dawley rats (F1 generation) were tested on an extended CPP paradigm to analyze extinction and nicotine-primed reinstatement. Brain tissue was analyzed 60min after the last nicotine injection for BDNF response in the ventral tegmental area (VTA), the infralimbic (IfL) and prelimbic (PrL) cortices. F1 generation QQ offspring demonstrated delayed extinction and more robust reinstatement compared to SS control animals. In addition, QQ animals demonstrated an enhanced BDNF response to nicotine in the VTA, IfL and Prl cortices compared to SS offspring. This study is the first to demonstrate altered relapse-like behavior in a heritable rodent model with relevance to comorbid drug abuse and psychosis. This altered pattern of behavior is hypothesized to be related to elevated activity-dependent BDNF in brain areas associated with drug reinforcement during conditioning that persists through the extinction phase, rendering aberrantly salient drug associations resistant to extinction and enhancing relapse vulnerability.

Self-efficacy in predicting smoking cessation: A prospective study in Italy.

Predicting the success of smoking cessation might be crucial to guide towards the treatment of smoking dependence in a clinical setting. We analyzed the potential determinants of successful smoking cessation with a specific focus on self-efficacy in predicting quitting smoking. All consecutive smokers (n=478; 224 men and 254 women) attending the Careggi University Hospital Smoking Cessation Service in Florence (Italy) in 2018-2019 provided information on self-efficacy in predicting smoking cessation, using a 1-10 rating scale during their first visit. Patients were followed up for success in quitting smoking at 3, 6 and 12 months, validated through CO exhaled measurement. To evaluate the association between self-efficacy and the probability of success, we estimated multivariable relative risks (RRs) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) through log-binomial models for longitudinal data. Overall, 47.9% of smokers succeeded in their attempt to quit at 3 months, 40.2% at 6 months, and 33.9% at 12 months. Compared to low self-efficacy (rating scale 1-5), the RR of success in quitting smoking was 1.40 (95% CI: 1.06-1.85) for intermediate self-efficacy (scale 6-7) and 1.64 (95% CI: 1.28-2.12) for high self-efficacy (scale 8-10). Self-efficacy is an independent determinant of smoking cessation. We recommend to systematically collect self-efficacy, together with other relevant variables, to predict successful smoking cessation. Moreover, strategies to develop and maintain high levels of self-efficacy are essential to increase quit success and improve treatment.

Birth Cohort‒Specific Smoking Patterns by Family Income in the U.S.

In the U.S., low-income individuals generally smoke more than high-income individuals. However, detailed information about how smoking patterns differ by income, especially differences by birth cohort, is lacking. Using the National Health Interview Survey 1983-2018 data, individual family income was calculated as a ratio of the federal poverty level. Missing income data from 1983 to 1996 were imputed using sequential regression multivariate imputation. Age‒period‒cohort models with constrained natural splines were used to estimate annual probabilities of smoking initiation and cessation and smoking prevalence and intensity by gender and birth cohort (1900-2000) for 5 income groups: <100%, 100%-199%, 200%-299%, 300%-399%, and ≥400% of the federal poverty level. Analysis was conducted in 2020-2021. Across all income groups, smoking prevalence and initiation probabilities are decreasing by birth cohort, whereas cessation probabilities are increasing. However, relative differences between low- and high-income groups are increasing markedly, such that there were greater declines in prevalence among those in high-income groups in more recent cohorts. Smoking initiation probabilities are lowest in the ≥400% federal poverty level group for males across birth cohorts, whereas for females, this income group has the highest initiation probabilities in older cohorts but the lowest in recent cohorts. People living below the federal poverty level have the lowest cessation probabilities across cohorts. Smoking prevalence has been decreasing in all income groups; however, disparities in smoking by family income are widening in recent birth cohorts. Future studies evaluating smoking disparities should account for cohort differences. Intervention strategies should focus on reducing initiation and improving quit success among low-income groups.

Correlation of Smoking Behavior with Body Mass Index (BMI) in Palm Oil Mill Workers

The Smokers tend to weigh less than never smokers, while successful quitting leads to an increase in body weight. Because smokers and non-smokers may differ in genetic and environmental family background, we analysed data from twin pairs in which the co-twins differed by their smoking behaviour to evaluate if the association between smoking and body mass index (BMI) remains after controlling for family background. The research will be carried out at the palm oil mill of PT. Syaukath Sejahtera, Bireuen Regency. Sampling was carried out by means of simple random sampling on selected subjects using a cross-sectional design. . The end result of this study is smoking is associated with lower BMI and smoking cessation with higher BMI.

Abstract B001: Biopsychosocial correlates of smoking menthol cigarettes and cessation among Latino smokers

Abstract Introduction: Smoking menthol cigarettes is more prevalent among Latinos compared to non-Latino Whites. Latinos who smoke menthol are less likely to quit than Latinos who do not smoke menthol. However, there is scant information on the biopsychosocial factors correlated with smoking menthol among Latinos. Objective: To assess the biopsychosocial correlates of smoking menthol cigarettes and whether smoking menthol is associated with cessation among Latino smokers. Methods: This secondary analysis utilized baseline data from the Decídetexto study, an mhealth smoking cessation randomized clinical trial for Latinos. Participants resided in the United States and originated from the U.S. and 20 Latin American countries. Biopsychosocial variables included body mass index, # of comorbidities, age, alcohol use, depression, anxiety, self-efficacy, education, health insurance, household income, marital status, country of origin, and acculturation – years in the U.S., primary language, and generation, and smoking cessation. Chi-square tests and one-way ANOVAs were employed. Logistic regression models were performed to test the association between menthol use and smoking cessation, when treatment arm and other demographic variables were controlled. Results: Participants’ (n=457) mean age was 48.7 (SD=11.1), most were female (54.7%), primarily Spanish speakers (70.5%), daily smokers (91.7%), married (53.6%), and had an annual income between 0 – 29K (42.7%). Almost half of participants currently smoke menthol cigarettes (48.8%) and mean daily cigarettes was 11.6 (SD=8.03). Use of menthol was associated positively with younger age (46.3 vs 51.0 years; p&amp;lt;.001), having health insurance (53.6% vs 38.7%; p=0.004), unemployment (57.1% vs 44.6%, p=0.013), living longer years in the U.S. (31.0 vs 27.5 years; p=0.026), being 2nd generation in the U.S. compared to 1st generation (73.1% vs 41.7%; p&amp;lt;.001), and speaking primarily English (63.0% vs 42.9%, p&amp;lt;.001). Moreover, Puerto Ricans had significantly higher usage of menthol cigarettes compared to Latinos from other Latin American countries (75.7% vs 38.8%; p&amp;lt;.001). There were no significant correlations between psychological and biological variables and smoking menthol cigarettes. When looking at self-reported and biochemically verified cessation rates, Latinos who smoke menthol had lower quit rates (26.5% and 10.7% abstinent, respectively) compared to Latinos who do not smoke menthol (28.2% and 12.8% abstinent, respectively) (OR=1.05; 95% CI=0.65, 1.69; p=0.84 and OR=0.89; 95% CI=0.47, 1.68; p=0.71, respectively), although not statistically significant. Conclusion: Latinos who are more acculturated and from lower socioeconomic status were more likely to smoke menthol. The higher rates of continued smoking among menthol users is clinically meaningful and suggests menthol use may mark the need for additional support for successful quitting. These results are particularly relevant for Puerto Rican smokers who are more likely to smoke and use menthol cigarettes compared to other Latino subgroups. Citation Format: Evelyn Arana-Chicas, Francisco Cartujano-Barrera, Xueya Cai, Shan Gao, Lisa S. Cox, Ana P. Cupertino. Biopsychosocial correlates of smoking menthol cigarettes and cessation among Latino smokers [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 15th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2022 Sep 16-19; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr B001.

SUBJECTIVE SLEEP QUALITY IN QUITTERS VERSUS NONQUITTERS ON A TOBACCO SMOKING CESSATION PROGRAM

Amaç&#x0D; Uyku kalitesi ile ilişkili faktörler sigara kullananların bırakma&#x0D; programına uyumları ile ilişkilidir. Bu çalışma,&#x0D; en az bir yıldır sigara kullanımını bırakmada başarılı&#x0D; olan ve olamayan kişiler arasındaki uyku kalitesini&#x0D; karşılaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır.&#x0D; Gereç ve Yöntem&#x0D; Sigara bırakma programında olan toplam 682 kişi Mart&#x0D; 2004-Şubat 2011 tarihleri arasında çalışmaya alınma&#x0D; uygunluğu açısından incelenmiş ve uygun olanlar telefon&#x0D; ile çalışmaya katılmaya davet edilmişlerdir. Davet&#x0D; edilenlerden 106 kişi (Erkek/Kadın 67/39) çalışmaya&#x0D; katılmayı kabul etmiş ve final analizlerine dahil&#x0D; edilmişlerdir. Pittsburgh uyku kalite indeksi skorları,&#x0D; solunum fonksiyon testi ve karbon monoksit ölçümleri&#x0D; başarılı bir şekilde sigarayı bırakanlar (n=42) ve bırakamayanlar&#x0D; (n=64) arasında karşılaştırılmıştır.&#x0D; Bulgular&#x0D; Sigarayı bırakanların bırakmayanlara göre uyku kalitelerinin&#x0D; daha iyi olduğu saptandı. Pittsburgh uyku kalitesi&#x0D; indeksine göre bırakan olguların %23,8’i (10/42),&#x0D; sigarayı bırakmayanların ise sadece %7,8’i (5/64) iyi&#x0D; uyku kalitesi skoruna sahipti (p=0.021). Sigarayı bırakanların&#x0D; vücut ağırlığı ortalama 8,33 kg, vücut kitle&#x0D; indeksi ortalama 3,13 artmıştı (p

Characteristics and service use of NSW Quitline callers with and without mental health conditions.

Smoking rates remain higher for people with a mental health condition compared to the general population and contribute to greater chronic disease burden and premature mortality. Quitline services offer telephone-based smoking cessation support to the public and have been shown to be effective. There is limited research exploring the characteristics of smokers with a mental health condition who use the Quitline or the impacts of using the service on their smoking behaviors. This observational study aimed to compare demographic and smoking related characteristics, service use and quit attempts of callers to the New South Wales Quitline (2016-2018) with and without a mental health condition (N = 4,219). At baseline, 40% of callers reported a current mental health condition. Desire to quit smoking was similar for both groups, however participants with a mental health condition had higher nicotine dependency and had made more quit attempts prior to engaging with the service. During program enrolment, quit attempts and 24 hours smoke free periods were similar, however participants with a mental health condition engaged in a greater number of calls and over a longer period with Quitline compared to those without. The findings suggest Quitline efficacy for people with a mental health condition in making a quit attempt for at least 24 h. Increasing the use of Quitline services and understanding service use for this critical group of smokers will increase the likelihood that their quit attempts are transformed into sustained periods of smoking abstinence. Future research should explore whether tailoring of Quitline service provision for people with mental health conditions may increase the likelihood of quit success.

Quit Smoking Clinic: Factors Associated with Successful Quit Smoking in Besut District, Terengganu State of Malaysia

Background: Malaysian National Health and Morbidity Survey 2019 illustrated the prevalence of current smoker was 21.3%. Out of current smokers, only about half of them made an attempt to quit smoking in the past 12 months and only 7.4% of the smokers had visited a healthcare provider for quit smoking advice. The “Quit Smoking Clinic” was established in Malaysia since 2000 to make smoking cessation service accessible for everyone. This study aims to determine the factors associated with successful quit smoking among smokers attending “Quit Smoking Clinic” in Besut District, Malaysia.&#x0D; Methods: A district-wide record review study using “Quit Smoking Clinic” record [BPKK/KBM(PKD)/3/2012 Amendment 2018] from seven health clinics was conducted. A logistic regression (LR) model was performed to assess the factors influencing successful quit smoking status. A success quit smoking status was defined as remaining abstinent from smoking behavior at six months of clinic follow-up.&#x0D; Result: A sample of 414 clients from seven health clinics in Besut were included, 14.3% of them had a success quit smoking status. In the final MLR model, factors influencing successful quit smoking were older age group 45 years old and above (Adj. OR 2.27; 95% CI: 1.22, 4.22, p-value=0.010), voluntary participation in the clinic (Adj. OR 1.86; 95% CI: 1.00, 3.45, p-value=0.049) and frequent visits to the clinic (Adj. OR 5.33; 95% CI: 2.88, 9.86, p-value&lt;0.001).&#x0D; Conclusion: Recognition of these factors associated with the success of quit smoking status is beneficial to improve the service of “Quit Smoking Clinic” as well as to promote an accessible smoking cessation support for smokers in the district. Reinforcement of tobacco control policies in Malaysia is imperative to encourage more smokers to quit smoking in the country.

Optimizing tobacco treatment delivery for people with HIV: trial protocol for a randomized controlled trial

BackgroundWith advances in antiretroviral therapy, people with HIV (PWH) are living longer and are less likely to die from AIDS-related complications. Yet, prior research has shown that smoking is often not addressed in the context of HIV care, and few individuals are offered cessation treatment. Optimizing tobacco treatment delivery for PWH may increase engagement with evidence-based treatments and successful quit attempts.MethodsThe current study is a type 1 hybrid effectiveness-implementation trial to evaluate the impact of a proactive, opt-out tobacco treatment intervention on cessation outcomes and advance understanding of key barriers and facilitators of implementation processes. A total of 230 PWH who smoke will be recruited from an infectious diseases clinic at an academic medical center and will be randomized to receive (1) treatment as usual (TAU) or (2) Proactive Outreach with Medication Opt-out for Tobacco Treatment Engagement (PrOMOTE). Primary outcomes include: biochemically verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA) rates, continuous abstinence (Weeks 9–12), and the number of 24-hour quit attempts at the end of study treatment (Week 12). Secondary outcomes include: participant reach (proportion reached out of contact attempts), implementation fidelity (including number of prescriptions written), participant adherence to prescribed pharmacotherapy, acceptability (participant and provider satisfaction with intervention delivery and content), and perceived barriers.DiscussionThis study will examine a novel approach to optimizing tobacco treatment delivery for PWH. Integrating effectiveness and implementation results will help define best practices for engaging PWH with evidence-based tobacco treatment interventions. The intervention is low-cost, has the potential to be highly scalable, and could be translatable to other ambulatory HIV clinic settings.Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05019495 (August 24, 2021).

Use of a microsimulation method for assessing dynamics of smoking status and gains in life expectancy after quitting in a longitudinal cohort of US older adults

ObjectivesPrevious studies were unable to estimate the dynamics of smoking status in the US elderly general population, and no study has assessed the benefit of quitting in terms of resultant...

Does Aerobic Exercise Facilitate Vaping and Smoking Cessation: A Systematic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials with Meta-Analysis.

Cigarette smokers try to quit using several strategies including electronic cigarette use (vaping). An alternative, easy and cheap method is exercise. However, little is known about the efficacy of aerobic exercise (AE) to augment smoking and vaping cessation. This study aimed to systematically review and discuss the reported effects of AE on long-term vaping and smoking cessation in randomized control trials (RCTs). RCTs were searched on different databases. The outcome measures included long-term vaping or smoking cessation and maximal or peak oxygen uptake (VO2max/peak) after vaping- or smoking cessation. Meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effects of AE on long-term vaping and smoking cessation, and the effects of AE on VO2max/peak. Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2 was used to assess trials quality. Thirteen trials were included (5 high, 2 moderate and 6 low quality). Although two high quality trials revealed that 3 vigorous supervised AE sessions a week for 12 to 15 weeks increased the number of long-term successful quitters, the meta-analysis including the other trials showed that AE did not significantly increase success rate of long-term quitters. However, VO2max/peak was improved at the end of treatment. There were no trials on AE and vaping cessation. No evidence was found that AE promotes long-term smoking cessation. Nevertheless, AE improved VO2max and/or VO2peak in quitters.

Associations Between E-cigarette Use and E-cigarette Flavors With Cigarette Smoking Quit Attempts and Quit Success: Evidence From a U.S. Large, Nationally Representative 2018-2019 Survey.

Although many studies have examined the association between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation, fewer have considered the impact of e-cigarette flavors on cessation outcomes. This study extends previous studies by examining the effects of e-cigarette use and e-cigarette flavors on quit attempts and quit success of smoking. We used data from the 2018-2019 Tobacco Use Supplement-Current Population Survey (TUS-CPS) survey. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the associations between flavored e-cigarette use with quit attempts and quit success of smoking among individuals who smoked 12 months ago. Two current e-cigarette use definitions were used in these logistic regression analyses; currently use every day or some days versus 20+ days in the past 30 days. Compared to those not using e-cigarettes, current every day or someday e-cigarette use with all nontobacco flavors had an adjusted odds ratio (AOR) of 2.9 (95% CI: 2.4 to 3.5) for quit attempts and 1.7 (95% CI: 1.3 to 2.2) for quit success. 20+ days e-cigarette use with flavors had stronger associations with quit attempts (AOR = 4.2, 95% CI: 3.1 to 5.5) and quit success (AOR = 4.0, 95% CI: 2.9 to 5.4). E-cigarette users with nontobacco flavors were more likely to succeed in quitting compared to those exclusively using non-flavored or tobacco-flavored e-cigarettes. Menthol or mint flavor users had slightly higher odds of quit attempts and success than users of other nontobacco flavors. E-cigarette use is positively associated with both making smoking quit attempts and quit success. Those using flavored e-cigarettes, particularly menthol or mint, are more likely to quit successfully. E-cigarette use is positively associated with both making a quit attempt and quit success, and those using flavored e-cigarettes are more likely to successfully quit smoking, with no statistically significant differences between the use of menthol or mint-flavored e-cigarettes versus the use of other nontobacco flavored products. This suggests that the potential for e-cigarettes to help people who currently smoke quit could be maintained with the availability of menthol or mint-flavored e-cigarettes, even if other nontobacco flavored products, which are associated with e-cigarette use among youth, were removed from the market.

Effects of Genetic Variants in the Nicotine Metabolism Pathway on Smoking Cessation.

Background We aimed to investigate the associations of various genetic variants in the nicotine metabolism pathway with smoking cessation (SC) in the Chinese Han population. Method A case-control study was conducted where 363 successful smoking quitters were referred to as cases, and 345 failed smoking quitters were referred to as controls. A total of 42 genetic variants in 10 genes were selectedand genotyped. The weighted gene score was applied to analyze the whole gene effect. Logistic regression was used to explore associations of each genetic variant and gene score with smoking cessation. Results Our study found that the variants CYP2A6∗4, rs11726322, rs12233719, and rs3100 were associated with a higher probability of quitting smoking, while rs3760657 was associated with a lower probability of quitting smoking. Moreover, the gene scores of CYP2D6, FMO3, UGT2B10, UGT1A9, UGT2B7, and UGT2B15 were shown to exert a positive effect, while the gene score of CYP2B6 was detected to exert a negative effect on successful smoking cessation. Conclusion This study revealed that genetic variants in the nicotine metabolic pathway were associated with smoking cessation in the Chinese Han population.