Quick Rescue Research Articles

Drones in Human Aid and Disaster Relief using Thermal Imaging Technology

Disaster Rescue is a very dangerous job to carry out the process without risking more lives in the process as the environment plays a major role. To find the people, requires the system to identify the movement and recognize the human by using the Thermal imaging system in the place of low-temperature areas such as forests, flood areas, Dark places, and so on. Not just thermal but also RGB cameras, stereo cameras and Infrared cameras are used to gain the surrounding situational inference, and by using the intelligent system to identify humans by their body shape from a distance and using the CV pipeline the movement can be identified and confirmed for victims condition in the disaster area. By mounting the optical systems in the Drone, the process makes it safe for the people, and a quick rescue response can be implemented. Using the heavy payload carrying Drone to supply emergency kit and food supplies to the Victims on time. It as well can also act as an emergency communication Network establishment with the GPS to gain the location of a specific point of Disaster regions.

Satellite-based landslide distribution mapping with the adoption of deep learning approach in the Kuantan River Basin, Pahang

Landslides are one of the major geological phenomena that is widespread across the globe and have caused destructive outcomes to human life and the overall economic system. Tedious work is required to conventionally collect all evidence of multiple sizes of landslide occurrences in such a huge, developing city, including the Kuantan River Basin (KRB). In fact, landslides are difficult to identify in remote areas, such as in thick and mountainous areas, if no aerial devices or sensor technology is provided at the incident area. Ironically, the landslide distribution map is a useful tool that helps in staging the landslide mitigation plan for landslide-prone areas. Thus, the objectives of this study are (i) to identify landslide events using deep learning and vegetation index approaches on optical satellite data; and (ii) to develop landslide distribution mapping in KRB using the best approach. Remotely sensed optical images of Landsat 8 OLI and Worldview-2 were used to map the landslide distribution and study the spectral pattern of the landslide area. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) were generated for two consecutive years, which is from the year 2022 to 2023. Spectral bands in red and infrared are used to generate the NDVI for visual interpretation of landslide occurrences. The deep learning based on Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model were used for the pixel classification process. The main output of this study would be a landslide distribution map for the KRB area with high accuracy. The result has also been verified using drone monitoring at the incident sites, which was able to improve landslide detection in tropical environments. Landslide distribution maps accuracy was measured by using the ROC-AUC method, the map accuracy is 88.9%. This map should help the government and private sector plan for the city’s urban development and provide proper planning for geohazard mitigation. An accurate landslide distribution map could be a source of reference for the National Disaster Management Authority (NADMA) for a quick rescue during emergency.

Developing a wearable human activity recognition (WHAR) system for an outdoor jacket

PurposeThe emergence of smart wearables using clothing as a technology platform is a significant milestone with considerable implications for industrial convergence, creating new value for fashion. This paper aimed to present a premeditated prototype to integrate a human activity recognition (HAR) system into outdoor clothing.Design/methodology/approachFor the development of wearable HAR (WHAR) clothing, this paper explored three subject areas: fashion design related to the structural feature of the clothing platform, electronics related to wearable circuits and modules design and graphic user interface design related to smartphone application development.FindingsFor WHAR functions in outdoor terrains, the coexistence of accelerometer–gyroscope sensing and distance-sensing could be practical to surpass the technological limitation of activity and posture recognition with gyro sensors highly depending on the changes of acceleration and angles.Research limitations/implicationsThrough the vital sign check and physical activity–change recognition function, this study's WHAR system allows users to check their health by themselves and avoid overwork. A quick rescue is possible manually and automatically in a dangerous situation by notifying others. Thus, it can help protect users' health and safety (life).Originality/valueThis study designed the modularization of HAR functions generally installed in indoor medical spaces. Through the approach, smart clothing–embracing WHAR systems optimized for health and safety care for outdoor environments was pursued to diversify expensive roles of clothing for technological applications.

Centralized fire locator system through iot-based fire alarm system in selected barangay in taguig city


 
 
 This project aimed to develop a system that would easily locate the area of a fire in selected barangay Taguig City. The system allows the fire authorities to monitor the real-time status of a fire alarm and will be informed once the sensor devices modify a threat of fire. The system will also provide the information and location needed by the fire authorities to contact the owner of the house and prepare for a quick rescue. Early discovery of a fire may lead to the saving of many lives and properties. The researchers utilized a design method to identify the processes that were used during the project's development in this study. In addition, an ISO 25010 model was applied in this study to help participants in investigating and evaluating the developed system.In this study, the researcher conducted a survey in the form of a questionnaire, which was distributed to the target respondents by personal interaction. In order to develop the Centralized Fire Locator System through IOT-Based Fire Alarm System in Selected Barangay in Taguig City, the researcher used a model Agile methodology in the development of the project.The survey questions focused on the functionality of the created project, such as emergency notification, which is important in the making of this project. The target respondents had a positive interpretation of the system’s efficiency and effectiveness. The three groups, including the IT practitioner, mostly responded with "Very Satisfactory" and "Excellent," indicating that they agreed on functionality, performance, usability, portability, and maintainability as outlined in the checklist instrument.
 
 

Centralized fire locator system through iot-based fire alarm system in selected barangay in taguig city

This project aimed to develop a system that would easily locate the area of a fire in selected barangay Taguig City. The system allows the fire authorities to monitor the real-time status of a fire alarm and will be informed once the sensor devices modify a threat of fire. The system will also provide the information and location needed by the fire authorities to contact the owner of the house and prepare for a quick rescue. Early discovery of a fire may lead to the saving of many lives and properties. The researchers utilized a design method to identify the processes that were used during the project's development in this study. In addition, an ISO 25010 model was applied in this study to help participants in investigating and evaluating the developed system.In this study, the researcher conducted a survey in the form of a questionnaire, which was distributed to the target respondents by personal interaction. In order to develop the Centralized Fire Locator System through IOT-Based Fire Alarm System in Selected Barangay in Taguig City, the researcher used a model Agile methodology in the development of the project.The survey questions focused on the functionality of the created project, such as emergency notification, which is important in the making of this project. The target respondents had a positive interpretation of the system’s efficiency and effectiveness. The three groups, including the IT practitioner, mostly responded with "Very Satisfactory" and "Excellent," indicating that they agreed on functionality, performance, usability, portability, and maintainability as outlined in the checklist instrument.

The Inventor of the "Triage": Dominique-Jean Larrey (1766-1842), Napoleon's Chief Military Doctor

During the reign of Emperor Napoleon I, Dominique-Jean Larrey (1766-1842) was chief surgeon in the French army. He has become known as the father of modern military surgery and for the development of the "triage system". Larrey was an outstanding and dedicated physician who provided medical care not only to his own troops but also to those of the enemy. Without reliable analgesia and anaesthesia, speed and skill were the most salient characteristics of a surgeon at that time. Against the opposition of the administration, Larrey is credited with the introduction of first-aid on the battlefield as well as a quick rescue of the wounded with the help of the so-called "flying ambulances". He was considered the soldiers' greatest friend.

CHANGES IN FUNCTIONING OF THE EMERGENCY NOTIFICATION SYSTEM AND THE 112 EMERGENCY NUMBER IN POLAND

Introduction. Striving to improve performance should be a characteristic feature of any system. This particularly concerns systems dedicated to the protection of human life and health. The efficiency of these systems often decides about the survival of an injured person. Such a system is the emergency notification system, which has been functioning in Poland since 2013, responsible for the efficient operation of the emergency number 112. Results and discussion. The article presents the organization of the emergency notification system, which operates throughout Poland in a continuous system. Emergency numbers are handled by Rescue Notification Centres, which operate in 16 voivodships and additionally in the capital city of the country - Warsaw. Since the launch of the emergency notification system, several changes have been introduced, aimed at improving its efficiency and enhancing the functionality of the 112 emergency number. It has been assumed that the emergency notification system consists of the emergency notification centres (CPR), constituting a uniform system for handling emergency calls directed to the emergency number 112. Handing over such a call enables the initiation of the rescue procedure and involvement of relevant rescue resources. Specific rescue tasks in the system are performed by medical rescue units, fire brigades and police. Many other services also cooperate with the system, such as gas and electricity emergency services. Conclusions. As a result of the study, it was concluded that changes in the emergency notification system contributed to increasing its efficiency. Integration of the fire brigade (998) and police (997) emergency numbers under a common 112 number enables a quick rescue action and dispatching the appropriate formation. The change of positions in Rescue Notification Centres should also be assessed positively. Emergency number operators can be promoted and improve their qualifications. It has been acknowledged that non-alarm notifications, which block the system and increase the financial costs of its operation, are still a problem in the functioning of the emergency notification system. Therefore,continuous education of the public should be carried out in order to raise awareness of the principles of use of the emergency number 112.

Rapid formation of a shelter-in-place using a combination of vortex flow and chemical oxidation for indoor environments containing neurotoxic gases

Neurotoxic gases constitute a threat to the health of civilian population and military personnel, but the existing rescue methods are passive and inefficient. Therefore, a new method that combines vortex flow with chemical oxidation is proposed to remove neurotoxic gas and rapidly form a shelter-in-place for indoor environment. The concentration and velocity of the poisonous gas were calculated by Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and verified by Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experiments. The effects of mass ratio of gaseous oxide chemicals to poisonous gases, number of oxide inlets, velocity at inlet of the ventilation tube, and the influence of the pollution source position on the volume of shelter and amount of poisonous gases over time were also investigated in order to clear poisonous gas and construct shelter as quickly as possible. The results show that the optimal conditions were as follows: mass ratio 2:1, numbers of oxide inlet 4, and the velocity at the inlet of ventilation tube 4 m/s, respectively. Moreover, the amount of poisonous gases and shelter formation time decreased with increase in mass ratio of gaseous oxide chemicals and the number of oxide inlets. Furthermore, the methodology is shown to be robust, because the amount of toxic gas was always less than LCt50 when the mass ratio was greater than 1:1, regardless of the location of toxic gas source. This work provides a reference for rapid formation of shelters and quick rescue under neurotoxic gas attack in indoor environments.

Identification of Damaged Building Regions From High- Resolution Images Using Superpixel-Based Gradient and Autocorrelation Analysis

An efficient and accurate identification of damaged buildings after earthquakes is critical for ensuring a quick response and efficient rescue operations. Considering the time pressure during disaster emergency response and the convenience of practical application, a new approach for identifying areas with damaged buildings is proposed in this study. The approach is validated on high–resolution images from areas impacted by the Haiti earthquake. The approach consists of the following steps. (i), the simple linear iterative clustering method is improved to segment the images into high-quality superpixels by combining both color and texture information; (ii) the characteristics of the damage in the area within the cluster and the difference between pre- and post-earthquake images are obtained at superpixel level using the Sobel gradient; and (iii) local indicators from the spatial association analysis are used to extract the result of the gradient clustering using the synthetic- damage index calculated by an improved relief algorithm; and (iv) vegetation and shadows are masked out to identify the damaged buildings. This framework achieved an overall accuracy of ∼90% in terms of visual interpretation, with precision and recall of ∼85% and ∼90%, respectively. Inaccuracies mainly occur around the boundaries of the damaged building regions. It is evaluated that the proposed framework is more convenient compared to other supervised and unsupervised methods. The successful application in different scenes demonstrates that the proposed framework has the ability to rapidly and accurately identify regions with damaged buildings, which is beneficial for post-disaster emergency assessment.

Herdsmen-Farmers Crisis and its Implication on Human Resource Management: The Nigeria Experience

The threat that herdsmen-farmers clash pose to human resource management is of numerous dimensions; ranging from displacement of workforce from kidnapping prone areas, threat to the firm’s ability to attract diverse workforce in terms of gender and race, reduction in the pools from which prospective employees can be drawn, to disabilities of human resources arising from injuries sustained from clashes. Within literatures, few studies have been done to examine the implication of herdsmen-farmers crisis on human resource management. This paper examined the incessant killings and all sorts of violent attacks on lives and property by herdsmen in Nigeria and its implication on human resource management. Secondary source of data was used for this work. The findings from the study revealed that competition for land resources, climate change, among others are at the center of the crisis. This paper recommends improvement in the road infrastructure, so that attack scene can be easily reached for quick rescue of victims of attacks, collaborative efforts of government, traditional rulers and the local communities towards curbing the menace, unhealthy rivalry between security agencies should be curbed, so as to enhance collaboration and results, involvement of herdsmen and farmers representative in decision making towards curbing the menace, National Orientation Agency should aggressively campaign for peaceful coexistence, tolerance and accommodation among the citizens irrespective of diversity, and establishment of suitable cattle ranching reserves.

Findings from two Arctic search and rescue exercises north of Spitzbergen

ABSTRACTWith the implementation of the Polar Code in January 2017, the focus on search and rescue operations in polar waters have been increased due to the five-day survival requirement. This requirement poses a strain on all lifesaving appliances and causes the need for improved personal protection equipment, improved survival crafts and personal survival kits and possibly group survival kits. The paper reports on findings from search and rescue exercises north of Spitzbergen. The first exercise was carried out during late April 2016, utilizing SOLAS approved lifesaving appliances (LSA) equipment and the second exercise was conducted with improved LSA equipment during the first week of May 2017. Focus is on the ability to survive and the effectiveness of the improved LSA equipment. Furthermore, a discussion is given with respect to possible mitigation measures to ensure quick rescue to avoid the evacuated persons be exposed to an unnecessary long stay in the survival crafts. Of particular reference is the cruise industry and the industry’s efforts to provide customers with visits to even more remote cruise locations. The study indicates significant gaps between the functionality provided by the LSA equipment and the functionality required to comply with the International Maritime Organization Polar Code requirement of survival for the expected time to rescue, minimum 5 days.

Development of unmanned remote smart rescue platform applying Internet of Things technology

A new form of network has been created with the communication between objects in the Internet of Things environment. Users began to take interests in outdoor activities such as sports and leisure activities while sharing photographs and videos each other. In order to minimize the damage caused by unexpected accidents in response to outdoor climate change, Internet of Things technology is applied to emergency rescue system for quick and efficient rescue. In this article, the unmanned remote smart rescue platform applying Internet of Things technology quickly responds by real-time monitoring of the occurrence of a distress call. The system was developed so that the emergency situation is transferred to the management center and rescue victims within 4 min. The real-time monitoring system of unmanned remote smart rescue box is developed in such a manner that the equipment can be checked for theft and damage from external sources. Sensor multifunction printed circuit board module is developed under Internet of Things environment to be interconnected to single-board computers and various sensors. Thus, the installation of unmanned remote smart rescue box at the actual site delivers accurate positions of rescuees to promptly dispatch personnel to carry out efficient rescue operations.

The establishment of pre-hospital and in-hospital first aid rapid linkage treatment platform of emergency patients

Objective To establish a pre-hospital and in-hospital first aid rapid linkage treatment platform in order to provide quick rescue time for emergency patients. Methods The interconnection first aid APP was made. The emergency center and traffic command center were combined to participate in first aid. The traffic command center controls the traffic lights in real time to provide the optimal transportation path for the emergency patients. The first aid center carries out preliminary treatment, and shares the patient information to the hospital in real time to make the most suitable doctors waiting for the consultation. The therapeutic effects of patients with acute critical disease before and after the platform applied was compared. Results It has realized the tripartite information linkage between the hospital, the emergency center and the traffic command center. In the experimental group, the pre-hospital emergency response time, the hospital rescue time and the emergency success rate were (16.28±3.08) min, (17.89±5.84) min, 87.85%(217/247), the control groups' pre-hospital emergency response time, the rescue time in hospital and the success rate of acute critical patients were (18.29±1.87) min, (24.84±1.69) min, 63.01% (138/219), the data of two groups were statistically significant (t=3.783, 5.745, χ2=5.404, P<0.05). Conclusions The establishment of pre-hospital and in-hospital first aid rapid linkage treatment platform of emergency patients can optimize the patient first aid survival chain, provide greater rescue opportunities for emergency patients. Key words: Emergency patients; Pre-hospital and in-hospital emergency; Treatment platform

Building a disaster rescue platform with utilizing device-to-device communication between smart devices

Recently, the world is facing more risk of natural disasters as a result of ongoing climate changes. One of the most critical obstacles in disaster mitigation (especially rescue operation) is lack of communication and localization of survivors in disaster sites. This article develops a disaster rescue platform for quick and accurate rescue operation with utilizing direct communication on smart hand-held devices such as Bluetooth and Wi-Fi. Specifically, we attempt to design an application-layer ad hoc network over smart devices without relying on centralized cellular networks or wireless access points. This study also incorporates a mobile localization algorithm to effectively perform disaster rescue objectives. Specifically, it aims (1) to accurately locate survivors, (2) to help rescuers to find victims quickly, and (3) to minimize calculation overheads for power saving on smart devices. This article verifies the proposed approach with presenting simulation and implementation results compared to other studies.

Semiprone position is superior to supine position for paediatric endotracheal intubation during massive regurgitation, a randomized crossover simulation trial

BackgroundEndotracheal intubation of patients with massive regurgitation represents a challenge in emergency airway management. Gastric contents tend to block suction catheters, and few treatment alternatives exist. Based on a technique that was successfully applied in our district, we wanted to examine if endotracheal intubation would be easier and quicker to perform when the patient is turned over to a semiprone position, as compared to the supine position.MethodsIn a randomized crossover simulation trial, a child manikin with on-going regurgitation was intubated both in the supine and semiprone positions. Endpoints were experienced difficulty with the procedure and time to intubation, as well as visually confirmed intubation and first-pass success rate.ResultsIntubation in the semiprone position was significantly easier and faster compared to the supine position; the median experienced difficulty on a visual analogue scale was 27 and 65, respectively (p = 0.004), and the median time to intubation was 26 and 45 s, respectively (p = 0.001). There were no significant differences in frequency of visually confirmed intubation (16 and 18, p = 0.490) of first-pass success rate (17 and 18, p = 1.000).ConclusionIn this experiment, endotracheal intubation during massive regurgitation with the patient in the semiprone position was significantly easier and quicker to perform than in the supine position. Endotracheal intubation in the semiprone position can provide a quick rescue method in situations where airway management is hindered by massive regurgitation, and it represents a possible supplement to current airway management training.

Intelligent information passing about road transport using GSM and GPS

The main intention of this project is to find the accident spot and pass the location information to passenger's neighbours and also to the nearby police station and hospitals through the GPS and GSM networks. Nowadays, it becomes very difficult to know where an accident occurred and where to locate the vehicle. It is very difficult for the survival of the victim until anyone notices and provides the information to the nearby police station, hospitals and passenger's neighbours. If an accident occurs in remote areas, there will be no hope to survive. In this project, a programmed GPS/GSM module will incorporate a crash detector (vibrating sensor) which will report automatically to the nearby police station, hospitals, and passenger's neighbours. The information shares the location of the accident via GSM communication platform (using SMS messaging). This will allow a quick and early response and rescue of victims of the accident; saving lives and properties. The paper reports its experimental results, with appropriate conclusions and recommendations.

SCISSORING ORIGAMI INSPIRED DEPLOYABLE BRIDGE FOR A DISASTER

Many natural disasters cause not only critical situations for facilities and resident's life, but also significant damage to economy. It is obvious that quick rescue action must be undertaken and that there are many problems due to the occurrence of secondary disasters at rescue work-site. For example, many bridges were damaged by a huge earthquake in 2011 in Japan’s Tohoku areas, called the Great East Japan Earthquake. We need to develop a new rescue structure to survive these disasters. We have to consider how to rebuild damaged infrastructures and how to build a new type of rescue system. Therefore, we suggest a new type of emergency bridge, Mobile bridge(MB). In this paper, we discuss the scissors type of bridge in order to evaluate its numerical approach including a reinforced strut and characteristics. Moreover, we analyze the design method of calculation model based on theoretical equilibrium theory based on origami-folding engineering.

Design and Implementation of Distress Prevention System using a Beacon

It was proven that human accidents due to mountain climbing occupy large proportion of recently occurred man-made disasters. This paper designed and implemented an application that tells users about a variety of accidents that frequently occur in mountain and shows dynamic information about mountain climbing. It designed ‘distress prevention system using beacon’. When using beacon, it can dynamically express information without using GPS. It has advantage of supporting BLE and has little Smartphone battery consumption. The application was developed based on Android as a prototype. We expect that the application developed in this paper can contribute to the protection of precious lives by helping quick rescue in case of emergency such as distress. Manager of mountain can control data regarding the mountain climbing accident where the related functions are provided through view and user authority setup in DBMS.

Design and application effects of standardized treatment process in patients with pelvic fracture hemorrhoea

Objective To investigate the application results of standardization care process in the primary treatment of patients with pelvic fracture hemorrhage. Methods A total of 38 patients, who received the standardized processes for treatment during the period from January 2013 to October 2014(after the standardization care process established), were selected as observation group, while 38 patients, who only received the rescue based on nurse′ working experience during the period from January 2011 to December 2012 (before the standardization care process established), were taken as control group. Rescue time, success rate and the medical cooperation satisfaction rate were compared between two groups. Results The rescue time of observation group was shorter than that in the control group (t=-3.546, P<0.05); the rescue success rate of observation group (89.5%) was higher than that of the control group (71.1%) (χ2=4.070, P<0.05); medical cooperation satisfaction rate of observation group(92.5%)was higher than that in the control group (77.4%) (χ2=4.740, P<0.05). Conclusions The application of rescue standardized processes on pelvic fracture hemorrhage can enhance the coordination between doctors and nurses, shorten the time in saving patients, and improve the success rate and medical cooperation satisfaction rate. The standardization care process is in favor of quick rescue, orderly and overall conduction and implementation of clinical care; hence it should be promoted in future clinical nursing work. Key words: Pelvic fracture; Hemorrhage; Standardized treatment process

Designing an Infrastructure by RFID Based Hybrid Technology Smart Wristband (HTSW) to enhance the Quick Rescue Operation in Industrial Accident

Rescue operation plan playing a vital rule to saving maximum number of life in the time of natural or manmade accident in Industry. Because of high density of labour in industry, possible fatality is increasing day by day. Around 11,000 workers die each year in industrial accidents in Bangladesh. In the last few years, the fastest growing industry of Bangladesh, garments sector has witnessed many industrial accidents specially factory fires and building collapse where many people died and wounded. However, fire service and civil defence has no modern technology to face this kind of big disaster in industry. This paper, firstly discuss about recent industrial disaster in Bangladesh specially garments sector and try to find out the obstacles of quick rescue operation after a disaster occurs. It is important to know how many people are present in a damaged building or structure that needs to evacuate. Radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology is a wireless Automatic Identification and Data Capture (AIDC) technology and could be use in the immediate or aftermath of major disasters. This paper proposed, an infrastructure and a wristband model named “Hybrid Technology Smart Wristband (HTSW)” where RFID, RF-transceiver, Microcontroller and health sense technologies are integrated. In normal condition, HTSW will help the employee management system and in disaster situation, it will enhance the quick rescue operation by identifying the approximate location of dead and live injured person, making plan for transferring injured and trapped victims. In the time of regular and disaster situation, the operation procedures of proposed HTSW infrastructure have explained here.