English Questionnaire Research Articles

Validation of a Questionnaire on COVID-19 Knowledge and Attitude for Dental Patients

Objectives: The current study aimed to develop a valid and reliable questionnaire in both English and Persian to assess dental patients' knowledge and attitude during the COVID-19 outbreak. Materials and Methods: Through a comprehensive literature review, we designed the primary questionnaire in English and then translated it into Persian. The questionnaire consisted of six sections covering background information, knowledge of emergency dental treatments, transmission routes of disease, required preparation, source of information, and attitude. To evaluate the validity of the questionnaire, the researchers obtained expert opinions using the Item Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Scale Content Validity Index (S-CVI/Ave). They distributed online versions of the questionnaire to a total of 60 English-speaking adults in Nigeria and the United States, and 60 Persian-speaking adults in Iran to measure its reliability using Cronbach's alpha. Results: I-CVI score, S-CVI/Ave, and Cronbach’s alpha of the questionnaire ranged from 0.29-1, 0.62-0.99, and 41.1-87.6%, respectively. After reviewing the scores and comments received on each item, taking into account the opinions of the research team, a decision was made to remove, merge, modify, or retain certain items. This led to a final version of the questionnaire consisting of nine questions in the background section and 46 items in the remaining five sections. Conclusion: Overall, the developed questionnaire appears to be valid and reliable for assessing the knowledge and attitude of dental patients toward COVID-19 in dental settings. It can potentially serve as an appropriate scale in future infectious disease epidemics across diverse populations.

Expectations and experiences of pain during medical abortion at home: a secondary, mixed-methods analysis of a patient survey in England and Wales

ObjectiveTo explore experiences of pain during medical abortion and provide patient-centred recommendations for improving abortion experience and pain counselling.MethodsWe invited patients of British Pregnancy Advisory Service who underwent medical abortion...

Standardized List Evaluating Apnea (SLEAP): A Comprehensive Survey to Define the Quality of Life in OSA.

To develop and validate a patient-reported outcome measure (PROM) to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) among patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). A prospective cohort study. Tertiary referral center. We developed a 15-item English questionnaire that was administered to 176 adults with OSA and 22 adult controls without symptoms of OSA in a tertiary sleep surgery clinic between June 2021 and December 2021. The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were measured using the Cronbach's α and the intraclass correlation coefficient, respectively. The 2-sample Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney) test was applied to compare the 2 groups. Convergent validity of the test scores of the questionnaire was compared to previously validated outcome measures and objective sleep study outcomes using the Spearman correlation coefficient. Of the 198 respondents (176 cases and 22 controls); 71% were men and 29% were women. The internal consistency was excellent with the α of .92 (lower 95% confidence limit of 0.90). All the test-retest correlations were positive, significant, and strong ranging from 0.50 to 0.90. The differences between cases and controls were statistically significant for all the items and for the total score. The total score of the questionnaire with the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and objective OSA measures was moderate to strong. The new tool provides a validated PROM to evaluate the QoL among OSA patients specifically, with excellent internal consistency, reasonable test-retest reliability, discriminant validity, and construct validity. Level 4.

Factors associated with self-rated health in Black Canadians: A cross-sectional study.

Self-rated health (SRH) has shown to be a strong predictor of morbidity, functional decline, and mortality outcomes. This paper investigates the association between sociodemographic variables (e.g., employment, education, sex) and SRH among Black Canadians. We used cross-sectional survey data (n = 1380) from the A/C (African Caribbean)Study of first- and second-generation Black Canadians in Toronto and Ottawa. Participants were invited to complete an electronic survey questionnaire in English or French in 2018-2019. Generalized linear model analyses were used to evaluate the associations among sociodemographic factors and self-rated quality of health. A total of 1380 self-identified Black individuals completed the survey and were included in the analysis. The majority of participants were under the age of 60 (89.7%), female (63.4%), born outside of Canada (75.1%), and residing in Toronto, Ontario (61.9%). The strongest association with poor SRH was found for difficulties accessing health care, sexual orientation, and substance misuse/disorder, while accessing/meeting basic needs was associated with better SRH, following adjustment for other socioeconomic conditions and lifestyle factors. Our findings underscore the importance of improving the social determinants of health as a conduit to improving the general health status and the quality of life of Black Canadians. Results revealed that Black Canadians may be demonstrating high levels of resilience in circumventing their current social circumstances and structural disadvantages to live the best quality of life. Understanding sociodemographic and socio-structural barriers that Black people face is essential to reducing vulnerabilities to poor outcomes and improving their health and well-being.

Prevalence of Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among Medical Students, King Faisal University

Background: The neurobehavioral disorder known as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is typified by impulsivity, hyperactivity, and difficulty in maintaining focus. According to recent research, it can last into adulthood. Regarding identifying adult ADHD, the fifth edition of the "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders" has undergone major alteration. As far as we are aware, few research has been done in the Gulf region on adult ADHD among medical students.Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out on students of medicine from all academic years in King Faisal University, Hofuf, from December 2023 until June 2024. 279 medical students participated in the study. Self-reported English questionnaires with two sections—a sociodemographic section and a screening scale for adult ADHD based on the DSM5 version—were utilized for the investigation. Outcomes: (14. %) of pupils mentioned having signs of ADHD. Results: Of the sample, 14% of students exhibited ADHD symptoms, a rate higher than the global prevalence. Female students (13.1%) and first-year students (18.9%) showed significant ADHD symptoms. Psychological comorbidities were present in 28.6% of ADHD-affected students compared to 11.4% of non-affected students. The ADHD group demonstrated mild but notable challenges in concentration, relaxation, and impulsive behavior, with implications for academic performance and stress management.Conclusion: Our study shows a higher prevalence compared with a worldwide prevalence of i.e., 14%. This difference could be due to community interaction and way of living life style factors. Those individuals may have difficulty in communication and learning which can disturb students’ academic efficiency, lengthen their study, and even disturb their development.

Methamphetamine addiction in Sudan: examining the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of 24 Al-qurashi residents – a novel cross-sectional approach

ABSTRACT Background and Aims Crystal methamphetamine is a synthetic psycho-stimulant drug that speeds up the inner workings of the brain and affects the central nervous system, with long-lasting effects on the body. In Sudan, it is called “Ice.” The purpose of this study is to evaluate the methamphetamine addiction-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the people living in 24 Al-Qurashi, Sudan. This was Sudan’s first study of its sort, aimed at assessing the general public’s knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors and prevalence of methamphetamine addiction. Methods A 34-question structured questionnaire covering sociodemographic information, knowledge, attitudes, practices, and the prevalence of methamphetamine addiction was used in the study. Likert scale, multiple-choice, and true/false questions were all included in this bilingual (English and Arabic) questionnaire. Results and Conclusion A total of 113 people participated in the study. The residents of 24-AlQurashi showed poor knowledge regarding methamphetamine addiction, especially during pregnancy. Attitudes and practices were slightly better, with a mean percentage of 52% and 72%, respectively. The prevalence study revealed that there were no methamphetamine addicts in the area.

Pilot Study to Evaluate Patients’ Understanding of Key Terms and Aspects of Antimicrobial Use in a Rural Province in South Africa Findings and Implications

Abstract Introduction: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global concern, necessitating the understanding of utilisation patterns and their rationale. Pilot studies have been conducted in a rural province in South Africa to determine the extent of self-purchasing of antibiotics by patients from independent and chain pharmacies. It is imperative to understand the extent of knowledge and concerns of patients regarding the key aspects of antibiotic use and AMR, and potential language barriers, when pharmacists and their assistants are discussing the key aspects with patients. Consequently, the aim was to pre-test a patient questionnaire translated in three native languages building on the findings from the English language pilot. Materials and Methods: The English patient questionnaire (Parts 1 and 2) was translated to Sepedi, Tshivenda and Xitsonga. In total 30 patients were interviewed (5/language for Part 1 and Part 2 respectively) when leaving 10 chain and independent pharmacies. This was followed by interviews with patients to evaluate their understanding of questions and key concepts. Results: Eleven of 15 patients interviewed for Part 1 received antibiotics, including 8 without a prescription. Only independent pharmacies (8/10) dispensed antibiotics without prescriptions. Interviews revealed concerns about antibiotic knowledge and AMR and that certain terms including ‘antibiotic’ and ‘AMR’ posed challenges with patient understanding of the purpose of antibiotics. For instance, one patient self-purchased antibiotics for ‘cleansing’ of sexually transmitted infections. The questionnaires in the native languages were subsequently revised so that explanations for terms, including ‘antibiotic’ and ‘AMR’ will be provided in the main study. Conclusion: Similar to the previous pilot studies, self-purchasing of antibiotics was observed among independent pharmacies, although at varying rates, with similar indications. Continued health literacy education for pharmacists and patients, especially with native language communication, are needed to address current challenges and will be explored in the main study.

Cross-cultural Adaptation, Validity, and Reliability of the Persian Version of Back Pain and Body Posture Evaluation Instrument for Adults

Background and Objectives: Back pain and neck pain are prevalent health concerns, emphasizing the importance of identifying effective risk factors for prevention. This study aimed to cross-culturally adapt and validate a tool assessing back and neck pain in adults, with a specific focus on body posture, to the Persian language. Methods: A methodological study was conducted involving forward and backward translation of the original English questionnaire into the Persian language. Face validity was evaluated with feedback from 30 participants, and content validity was determined using content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index based on expert opinions from 10 physiotherapy specialists. A total of 237 participants were involved in the study, with 90 completing the questionnaire again after one week for test re-test reliability assessment. Results: The Persian version of the questionnaire demonstrated high content validity with a CVR above 0.6. The Persian version had suitable face validity. Test re-test reliability, assessed using percentage agreement and the Kappa coefficient, revealed satisfactory results, with all percentages above 70%. Notably, the intraclass correlation coefficient for questions 16 and 20 was 0.898 and 0.878, respectively. Conclusion: The Persian version of the tool exhibits high validity and reliability, making it a valuable instrument for use within the Persian-speaking community.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENGLISH READING SKILL OF GRADE 7 CHINESE STUDENTS USING VIDEO CLIPS IN YUNNAN PROVINCE, CHINA

This study aimed to compare the learning performance of grade 7 Chinese students’ English reading skills before and after using video clips. Teaching and their satisfaction, The study employed a cluster random sampling of 40 7th grade students in Yunnan Province, China. The English reading skill test and students' satisfaction questionnaires collected the quantitative data. We analyzed the data using a paired sample t-test mean, standard deviation (SD), and thematic analysis. The results of the English reading skill test showed that the students in the sample group improved their English reading skills on the post-test and the pretest. The data on the students' satisfaction revealed that they rated all items highly and expressed positive satisfaction with the use of video clips in teaching an English reading course. Therefore, this study clearly demonstrated that the use of video clips could improve the students' English reading skills and their satisfaction.

The DOES Scale: Measuring Sensory Processing Sensitivity as a Trait Constellation

Based on Aron’s (2020) DOES model, we developed the DOES Scale to measure Sensory Processing Sensitivity (SPS) with four dimensions: Depth of Processing, Overstimulation, Emotional Reactivity, and Sensing the Subtle. Using interview data from the study by Roth et al. (2023), we created a 20-item questionnaire (5 items per dimension) in German and English. In three studies with 1,365 subjects from Switzerland, Germany, Austria, and the UK, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the scale using confirmatory factor analysis and examined construct validity with the established Highly Sensitive Person Scale (HSPS) and different personality measures. The results confirmed each subscale’s unidimensionality and good psychometric properties. Considering the four subscales together indicated that they could be best described as correlated factors rather than in terms of a second-order factor. Convergent validity was confirmed, especially for Overstimulation in its association with the HSPS total score and its subscales EOE and LST. Regarding discriminant validity, the Sensing the Subtle dimension exhibited clear distinctiveness, while the other three subscales overlapped with neuroticism, extraversion, empathy, and rumination, aligning with theoretical expectations. The DOES Scale emerges as a reliable, valid tool for assessing SPS, recommending its four dimensions be interpreted as a trait constellation.

Development and validation of Tamil version of CARIES-QC questionnaire among socially marginalized school children in Chennai City.

The Caries Impacts and Experiences Questionnaire for Children (CARIES-QC), which was developed to assess dental caries-specific Child Oral Health Related Quality of Life (COHRQoL), has been translated into few world languages. To develop and validate the Tamil version of Caries Impacts and Experience Questionnaire for Children (CARIES-QC). This cross-sectional study was conducted among socially marginalized school children in Chennai City. The initial translation of the English CARIES-QC questionnaire to Tamil was made by two independent translators followed by an expert committee discussion to derive a prefinal version of the Tamil questionnaire. Subsequently, content validation was performed by bilingual subject experts followed by preliminary pilot testing among 30 school children aged 8-10 years studying in Adidravidar Welfare High School, Chennai, to produce the final version of the questionnaire. Convergent validity, discriminant validity, and test-retest reliability of the translated questionnaire were tested among 191 children. The content validation process revealed that the translated version had relevant questions and content coverage (Scale-wise Content Validity Index score = .91). The children with and without dental caries had mean CARIES-QC scores of 5.39 + 3.7 and 3.71 + 5.1, respectively, and their statistically significant difference (p-value = .04) between them indicates the scale's satisfactory discriminant validity. The Cronbach's alpha was .87 indicating the questionnaire's good internal consistency. The newly developed Tamil CARIES-QC questionnaire is a valid and reliable tool for assessing COHRQoL among Tamil-speaking school children.

Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Among Patients With Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Diabetes mellitus is one of the causes to use complementary and alternative medicine (CAM), which can be classified into nutritional, psychological and physical. The study's objective was to estimate the prevalence and pattern of using CAM among patients with diabetes mellitus who followed the endocrine and diabetes center in Taif. Materials and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in Taif city from 1 June to 31 July 2023 among diabetic patients aged 14 years and above who followed the endocrine and diabetes center. A valid, reliable, English questionnaire was used in data collection. It was composed of three parts: demographic data, diabetes mellitus history and use of CAM. Patients visited the diabetic center during the study period for their regular appointments were selected randomly and interviewed by trained interns and medical students. By using the Raosoft calculator, the minimal sample size was 361. The chi-square test and independent two-sample t-test were used to investigate the association between categorical variables and continuous numerical variables, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to control the confounding effect. Results A total of 361 patients were included. Their age ranged between 14 and 84 (51.2 ± 16.9 years). Females represented 57.6% of them. Overall, more than a quarter (28.3%) reported using CAM, while 22.4% used CAM for treating diabetes in the last 12 months. The majority of patients (97.1%) used herbs, mainly cinnamon (48.5%), fenugreek/helba (31.3%) and rosemary (20.2%). Their main source of information was family and friends (64.7%). A history of improvement of blood sugar reading with CAM was reported by 61.8%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that females were at doubled likelihood to use CAM compared to males (Adjusted odds ratio "AOR" = 2.40; 95% confidence interval "CI": 1.27-4.52, p=0.007). Compared to never-smokers, ex-smokers were more likely to use CAM (AOR=2.87; 95% CI: 1.28-6.43, p=0.010). Conclusion The use of CAM,particularly herbs, to treat diabetes is a relatively common practice among Saudi patients. However, the history of informing treating physicians about CAM was reported by a minority of patients.

Forensic Odontology related awareness, knowledge and attitude among dentist and dental students in two Egyptian Universities: A survey-based study.

This study evaluated the awareness, knowledge, and attitude regarding forensic odontology (FO) among dental students and graduates at Beni-Suef University and Badr University in Cairo, Egypt. This cross-sectional study included 316 dentists and dental students in their final year of undergraduate study. An online self-administered questionnaire in English was used to obtain participants' responses. Less than half of the participants (47.5%) were aware of the branch of dentistry named FO. The highest percentages of correct answers in the knowledge assessment were reported in dental age estimation questions, while the lowest percentages were in items related to the use of FO in confirming sexual abuse and using palatal rugae as a marker in forensic identification. The most common source of knowledge was the internet (52.0%). Only 11.1% of the participants received FO courses in their colleges. Studying FO as a postgraduate course was interesting to 67.4% of the participants. The knowledge score was significantly associated with the participants' gender, graduation status, and educational level. This study revealed a lack of awareness of FO as a branch of dentistry among dental students and dentists in Egypt. Increasing awareness and knowledge of FO could be achieved by integrating FO into the dental curriculum at both undergraduate and postgraduate levels.

HPV infection and vaccination: a cross-sectional study of knowledge, perception, and attitude to vaccine uptake among university students in Qatar

BackgroundHuman Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection is a significant public health concern in the Gulf Cooperation Council countries, being widely prevalent and the main risk factor for cervical cancer. We aimed to assess knowledge and perception towards HPV, acceptability of the HPV vaccine, and HPV vaccination rates among university students in Education City, Doha, Qatar.MethodsThis cross-sectional survey utilized proportional quota-sampling, with quotas based on university, sex, and nationality, to recruit students from seven universities between February and September 2022. The English language questionnaire requested socio-demographic information, knowledge, and attitudes about HPV infection and the vaccine. The chi-square test, Student t-test, Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon tests and multivariable ordinal logistic regression were used to assess differences in proportion, mean, and median according to broad HPV knowledge categories.ResultsThree hundred and ninety-eight students were recruited (response rate = 82.3%), of whom 251 (63.1%) were female. Mean age was 21.7 years. Eighty-nine (22.4%, 95% CI 18.4–26.8%) students had poor knowledge about HPV, 220 (55.3%, 95% CI 50.2–60.2%) students had some awareness, and 89 (22.4%, 95% CI 18.4–26.8%) students were knowledgeable. Age, nationality, and field of study influenced the students’ knowledge about HPV. Only 25 (6.3%) students had previously been vaccinated against HPV. However, 71% of the unvaccinated students reported being willing to get vaccinated if recommended by their healthcare provider.ConclusionsOverall, 77.7% of the student population had some-to-good levels of knowledge about HPV-related infection, cancer, and vaccination. There are gaps in the student population’s understanding and knowledge about HPV. Increasing knowledge can be key toward shared decision-making for HPV vaccination among eligible populations. Targeted public health campaigns and integration into childhood vaccination programs should be critical first steps, especially as most of the surveyed students had a positive outlook on getting vaccinated. Healthcare professionals should be incentivized to increase their HPV knowledge and communication skills, while policymakers can work toward easing barriers in integrating HPV vaccinations in the immunization schedule and encouraging overall HPV vaccination uptake.

Evaluating diabetic foot care knowledge and practices at education level.

Diabetic foot is one of the complications in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Adequate knowledge and practice are an important aspect to control further deteriorating conditions such as ulcers and amputations. Thus, the objective of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the impact of the education levels of diabetic patients on diabetic foot care knowledge and practice. This cross-sectional study with a convenient sampling technique was conducted on 534 patients with diabetes mellitus from public and private care hospitals. The data was collected using a validated, pretested and structured bilingual (Arabic, English) questionnaire. There were 534 patients interviewed, 39.1% of whom were males and 60.9% of whom were females and 61.4% of the patients had had T2DM for over 10 years. There was a significant difference in education levels between the male and female patients (53.8% and 46.2%, P = .001). Furthermore, 83.9% patients were married. The difference in education between the married and the single, divorced, and widowed patients was significant (P = .007). Patients with uncontrolled HbA1c were 2.43 times more likely to have hypertension (RR = 2.43, P = .03), while patients with highly uncontrolled diabetes had 3.1 times more chances of hypertension (RR = 3.1, P = .009). Heart disease prevalence was 3.27 times higher in diabetes patients with uncontrolled HbA1c and 3.37 times higher in patients with highly uncontrolled HbA1c. Patients with diabetes who have been diabetic for more than 10 years have a greater risk of heart disease (RR = 2.1; P = .03). Patients with lower education levels exhibited more diabetic complications compared to patients with higher education levels (P < .05). The present study highlights the importance of education and awareness campaigns targeting diabetic patients, especially those with lower education levels, to improve diabetes control and prevent, or manage, comorbidities. Healthcare providers should also prioritize patient education and medication adherence to improve diabetes management and reduce the risk of complications.

Testing of the Czech questionnaire for identifying children at risk of obstructive sleep apnea

This study aimed to create a Czech questionnaire for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) risk screening, a first of its kind in the Czech Republic, where options for child polysomnography are limited. Compiling items from established English questionnaires and supplementing them with additional items, we designed the first version of the Czech questionnaire and tested it in a pilot study with parents of 30 children. After pilot feedback, a revised version with dichotomous and 5-item Likert scale questions was tested on 71 children’s parents. All children (7–12 years old) underwent a home sleep apnea test to record their apnea–hypopnea index (AHI). The second (40-item) version showed high reliability (93%), with 17 items identified as the most significant. Findings from the final 17-item SEN CZ questionnaire correlated positively with AHI (p < 0.001), demonstrating 84% sensitivity, 86% specificity, and 93% reliability. Three factors, namely breathing problems, inattention, and hyperactivity (characterized by multiple items), were identified to form a higher-order factor of POSA risk, which was further supported by the correlations of their total scores with AHI (p < 0.001). The resulting SEN CZ questionnaire can serve as a tool for POSA risk screening in the Czech Republic without the need to involve medical professionals.

Development and Validation of the Perceived Deepfake Trustworthiness Questionnaire (PDTQ) in Three Languages

Exposure to false information is becoming a common occurrence in our daily lives. New developments in artificial intelligence are now used to produce increasingly sophisticated multimedia false content, such as deepfakes, making false information even more challenging to detect and combat. This creates expansive opportunities to mislead individuals into believing fabricated claims and negatively influence their attitudes and behavior. Therefore, a better understanding of how individuals perceive such content and the variables related to the perceived trustworthiness of deepfakes is needed. In the present study, we developed and validated the Perceived Deepfake Trustworthiness Questionnaire (PDTQ) in English, Italian, and Slovene. This was done in three phases. First, we developed the initial pool of items by reviewing previous studies, generating items via interviews and surveys, and employing artificial intelligence. Second, we shortened and adapted the questionnaire according to experts’ evaluation of content validity and translated the questionnaire into Italian and Slovene. Lastly, we evaluated the psychometric characteristics via a cross-sectional study in three languages (N = 733). The exploratory factor analyses suggested a two-factor solution, with the first factor measuring the perceived trustworthiness of the content and the second measuring the perceived trustworthiness of the presentation. This factorial structure was replicated in confirmatory factor analyses. Moreover, our analyses provided support for PDTQ’s reliability, measurement invariance across all three languages, and its construct and incremental validity. As such, the PDTQ is a reliable, measurement invariant, and valid tool for comprehensive exploration of individuals’ perception of deepfake videos.

Comparative Analysis of Mouth Self-Examination Awareness Amongst Tobacco Users in Urban and Rural Populations.

Oral cavity cancer is a growing concern, especially in developing countries like India, due to risk factors such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, nutritional deficiencies, and spicy food intake. Early detection through screening and Mouth Self-examination (MSE) can significantly improve outcomes, but limited awareness and pain in advanced stages lead to delayed detection. This study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of MSE among tobacco users in urban and rural populations. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted involving tobacco users (smoking, smokeless, or both). An observational questionnaire-based approach was employed, with informed consent obtained from participants. A questionnaire in Hindi and English was used, consisting of demographic details and 13 close-ended questions. The analysis revealed that individuals from urban areas (71.9%) exhibited significantly higher awareness of Mouth self- examination (MSE) compared to those from rural areas (1.9%). Chi-square analysis demonstrated that urban residents exhibited significantly higher awareness, understanding, confidence, desire for information, and positive attitudes towards Mouth Self-Examination (MSE) compared to rural residents. Multivariate analysis showed that education had a consistent and substantial impact on both knowledge and practice scores. The study highlights substantial urban-rural disparities in mouth self- examination (MSE) awareness and attitudes, with urban residents demonstrating significantly higher levels. Targeted interventions and awareness campaigns are vital to bridge this gap and improve oral health practices, especially in rural areas.

Exploring the Relationship Between Motivation and IELTS Reading Proficiency Among Chinese Learners

This study investigates the impact of motivational factors on the reading test performance of Chinese learners in the IELTS examination. The objectives are to evaluate the motivation levels, analyze the relationship between motivation and IELTS reading achievement, and identify the most influential predictors among intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Using a quantitative research design and a sample of 242 students from 12 IELTS training centers in southwest China, data were collected through the Motivation in English Reading Questionnaire (MERQ) and Cambridge Practice Tests for IELTS. Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis were employed to analyze the data. The results show significant positive correlations between various motivational constructs and IELTS reading scores. Total motivation (r = .634, p &lt; .001), efficacy and engagement (r = .520, p &lt; .001), utility value (r = .459, p &lt; .001), and academic value (r = .424, p &lt; .001) are all positively associated with reading proficiency. Regression analysis indicates that intrinsic motivation, specifically efficacy and engagement (β = 0.504), is the strongest predictor of reading scores, followed by utility value (β = 0.351) and academic value (β = 0.315). These findings underscore the essential role of both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations in improving reading proficiency among Chinese IELTS learners.

The Correlation between Students’ Reading Comprehension Skill and Reading Interest in High School

This study investigates the correlation between reading comprehension skill and reading interest in high school students specifically in English texts. The main objective of this study is to examine the correlation between reading comprehension skill and reading interest in high school students especially in reading English texts. The population of this study consists of second-grade students of a public school in Kutai Kartanegara regency, with cluster sampling will be employed to determine the sample. An English comprehension test and questionnaire of reading interest will serve as the research instrument, and both correlation test and ANOVA will be utilized for data analysis to examine the correlation between reading comprehension skill and reading interest on students. After the data was analyzed with the correlation test, it showed no correlation between students’ reading comprehension and reading interest in high school. According to ANOVA, the result indicated significant differences between the group that has high level of reading interest and those that has low interest. Future research could explore additional variables that may impact reading interests, such as preferences for different genres, motivational factors, and instructional methods aimed at promoting reading for pleasure.