Questionnaires In China Research Articles

Transactional leadership and dynamic capabilities: the mediating effect of regulatory focus

PurposeThe mechanism of leadership’s impact on dynamic capabilities has aroused widespread interest, but few studies focus on transactional leadership, especially empirical research by micro foundations in the R&D departments from collaborative innovation alliances. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how the mechanism of transactional leadership affects dynamic capabilities based on the mediating effect of regulatory focus.Design/methodology/approachIn order to better illustrate the role of transactional leadership on dynamic capabilities, the authors introduced regulatory focus as a mediator based on previous research. A sample of 245 dyads comprised of full-time employees and their immediate supervisors was collected from the innovation teams of industry-university alliances through questionnaires in China and analyzed via hierarchical regression method. Non-response bias and endogeneity testing were also conducted to confirm the validity of the findings.FindingsContingency-reward behavior promotes the development of employee sensing and seizing capability. Management-by-exception promotes the development of employee reconfiguration capability. Promotion focus positively mediates the relationship between contingency-reward and sensing-seizing capability. Prevention focus positively mediates the relationship between management-by-exception and sensing-seizing capability. In addition, management-by-exception is also positively related to sensing capability and promotion focus is positively related to reconfiguration capability.Originality/valueThis paper confirmed different dimensions of transactional leadership favor different dimensions of dynamic capabilities based on different dimensions of regulatory focus, which enriches the theory of strategic leadership and dynamic capabilities, and is conducive to the management of collaborative innovation in technological innovation alliances.

How does humble leadership promote follower creativity? The roles of psychological capital and growth need strength

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to develop a moderated mediation model to examine the roles that psychological capital (PsyCap) and growth need strength may play in the relationship between humble leader behaviors and follower creativity.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from a three-wave survey study with a sample of 165 matched leader-follower questionnaires in China. Multiple regression analyses, moderated regression analysis and bootstrapping analysis were used to test the hypotheses.FindingsThe results show that humble leader behaviors positively influence follower creativity, PsyCap mediates this influence and growth need strength not only moderates the relationship between humble leader behaviors and PsyCap, but also amplifies the indirect relationship between humble leader behaviors and follower creativity via PsyCap.Research limitations/implicationsCommon method bias may still exit, although the measures of research variables were gathered from different sources and with time separation. Additionally, this study is conducted in a single cultural context, which may raise the question about the generalizability of our findings to other cultural contexts.Originality/valueThe primary contribution is building and examining a conceptual model that focuses on the potential effect of humble leader behaviors on follower creativity. Additionally, by confirming the mediating role of PsyCap, the research further uncovers why followers under humble leader behaviors are more likely to engage in creativity, and the moderating role of growth need strength found in this study also offers additional insight into that followers may differ in the degree to which they are receptive to leader effect.

Experimental study on thermal performance improvement of building envelopes by integrating with phase change material in an intermittently heated room

The intermittent heating is frequently used to save the building heating energy consumption. Both the heat storage and release processes of building envelope have coupling influences on the indoor thermal environment during intermittent heating process. In order to make the best of the heat storage and release process to adjust the indoor thermal environment, this paper integrated phase change material (PCM) with the building envelope and experimentally studied the thermal performance improvement under four typical intermittent heating conditions summarized by questionnaires in China. The results show that the inner surface temperature of the PCM wall increased faster after heating, which was more favorable to ensure that the indoor thermal environment recovers to the thermal comfort state quickly. The inner surface temperature of the PCM wall was higher than the reference wall after heating was off, which can maintain a constant indoor air temperature. In the heating process of the four conditions, the inner surface heat flux value was 18.48% lower than the reference wall. Integrating PCM with the building envelope can not only improve the indoor thermal environment, but also reduce the heating time and heating energy consumption.

Translation and validation of the Canadian diabetes risk assessment questionnaire in China.

To adapt the Canadian Diabetes Risk Assessment Questionnaire for the Chinese population and to evaluate its psychometric properties. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a convenience sample of 194 individuals aged 35-74years from October 2014 to April 2015. The Canadian Diabetes Risk Assessment Questionnaire was adapted and translated for the Chinese population. Test-retest reliability was conducted to measure stability. Criterion and convergent validity of the adapted questionnaire were assessed using 2-hr 75g oral glucose tolerance tests and the Finnish Diabetes Risk Scores, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were evaluated to establish its predictive validity. The test-retest reliability was 0.988. Adequate validity of the adapted questionnaire was demonstrated by positive correlations found between the scores and 2-hr 75g oral glucose tolerance tests (r=.343, p<.001) and with the Finnish Diabetes Risk Scores (r=.738, p<.001). The area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.705 (95% CI .632, .778), demonstrating moderate diagnostic value at a cutoff score of 30. The sensitivity was 73%, with a positive predictive value of 57% and negative predictive value of 78%. Our results provided evidence supporting the translation consistency, content validity, convergent validity, criterion validity, sensitivity, and specificity of the translated Canadian Diabetes Risk Assessment Questionnaire with minor modifications. This paper provides clinical, practical, and methodological information on how to adapt a diabetes risk calculator between cultures for public health nurses.

Coercive Tactics and Web Advertising Performance

By questioning contemporary coercive or intrusive web advertising activities, this study sheds light on the recent conditions of web advertising by focusing on a comprehensive process that leads to web ad performance. A total of 400 questionnaires were distributed by the principal investigators of this study. 170 were returned from 200 distributed questionnaires given in South Korea and 100 were returned from 200 distributed questionnaires in China. The responses total 248 out of 400 distributed questionnaires. The relationships among the measured factors are analyzed by the structural equation modeling method. Results show that the use of web ad tactics often leads to negative consequences, creating a user present avoidance behavior condition towards both the ad and ad-hosting website. In terms of the performance of the ad-hosting website, website retention was strongly influenced by content blocking. In addition, the results of the comparative test suggest that the influence of avoidance on advertising performance is stronger among users of newspaper websites than e-commerce websites.

Study of thermal comfort in underground construction based on field measurements and questionnaires in China

Underground buildings have the potential to reduce energy demand in comparison to conventional aboveground buildings. In China, previous studies on thermal comfort have been mainly focused on the building environment, such as offices, residential and non-residential buildings, but rarely on underground construction, especially the air-defence basement. To investigate the thermal comfort conditions in the unique and complex underground construction, comparative thermal comfort surveys including field measurements and questionnaires have been carried out in different underground air-defence basement in 95 nationwide typical cities. As a result, the mean thermal sensation (AMTS) from questionnaires is compared with PMV calculated based on the field data in different cities, and significant discrepancies are found. The occupant's actual cool feeling is larger in the cooler side, but occupants may sense the warmth as being less severe than the PMV predicts in warmer side. In addition, the neutral temperature model for underground construction is developed, and the thermal acceptability and preference are discussed. It shows that thermal acceptable temperature range is unsymmetrically distributed with respect to the thermal neutral temperature and changes with the ground temperature. Ultimately, the recommend temperature ranges for different cities through thermal comfort model are discussed based on psychrometric chart.

Testing two mechanisms linking work-to-family conflict to individual consequences: do gender and gender role orientation make a difference?

Based on social role theory and a gender role orientation perspective, this study extended the two mechanisms (i.e. resource depletion and source attribution) that link work-to-family conflict to perceived accomplishment in the family and work domains by testing the moderating effects of gender and gender role orientation on the relationships. Data were collected from managers via questionnaires in China, and 225 cases were analyzed with hierarchical regression models. The results showed that compared with female managers, the negative relationship between work-to-family conflict and perceived family accomplishment was stronger for male managers. Within the male group, we found that the negative relationship between work-to-family conflict and perceived family accomplishment was stronger for male managers with an egalitarian gender role orientation than those with a traditional gender role orientation. In addition, for male managers with a traditional gender role orientation, there was a positive relationship between work-to-family conflict and perceived work accomplishment. The theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.

Validation of the rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder screening questionnaire in China

We validated the Chinese version of the rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) screening questionnaire (RBDSQ) and calculated its cut-off value for idiopathic or symptomatic sleep behavior disorders (iRBD or sRBD) in Chinese people. Patients with RBD (n=63) and controls (n=165) were enrolled. After all subjects had completed a structured interview, the Chinese version of the RBDSQ and the video polysomnography test, we evaluated the reliability, areas under the curves and the best cut-off values of the RBDSQ and investigated the utility of RBDSQ for iRBD and sRBD in China. We found that Cronbach’s alpha was 0.769 and the test-retest reliability was 0.916. RBDSQ scores in iRBD and sRBD patients were similar and higher than those in controls. A total of five points represented the best cut-off value for detecting all RBD patients. In Parkinson’s disease, a total score of six points represented the best cut-off value for detecting sRBD. There was no statistically significant difference in total RBDSQ score between iRBD and sRBD, or male and female patients. There was no significant correlation between the RBDSQ score and duration or severity of RBD symptoms. The Chinese version of the RBDSQ had high sensitivity, specificity and reliability and could be used as a tool for screening RBD patients in China.

A questionnaire survey on the management of Graves' orbitopathy in China: A comparison with Europe and Latin-America

ObjectiveManagement of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) continues to be a challenge to clinical endocrinologists. In the last few years, surveys on GO management have succeeded in elucidating trends in Europe and Latin America. To determine how endocrinologists in China assess and treat patients with GO and gain insight into how to make the management of this disease more uniform and standardized. MethodsBased on the questionnaire used in the European survey on GO, a questionnaire in China was drafted and circulated to the members of Chinese Society of Endocrinology (CSE) during the annual meeting. ResultsA total of 124 valid responses were analysed. Almost all respondents (94.4%) claimed that a multidisciplinary approach for GO management was valuable. Over 80% of the participants advocated the assessment of exophthalmometry, vision, visual fields by perimetry, eye movements, and fundoscopy. Glucocorticoids were preferred as the first-line therapy by 92.7% of respondents, among them, 59.7% choose the intravenous route. The treatment strategy for GO with intravenous glucocorticoids therapy still remains debatable. Anti-thyroid drugs (ATDs) were the most common choice (72.6%) for first-line therapy of coexisting hyperthyroidism. Treatment options for GO were very similar among Chinese, Latin-American and European respondents, whereas radioactive iodine and surgical treatment were more often indicated for co-existing hyperthyroidism in China. ConclusionThe appropriate treatment for patients with GO is controversial even among thyroid specialists. Further training of thyroid specialists, easier access of patients to multidisciplinary centres and establishment of practice guidelines are required for the management of this condition in China.

Multi-dimensional health assessment questionnaire in China: reliability, validity and clinical value in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the psychometric properties and clinical utility of Chinese Multidimensional Health Assessment Questionnaire (MDHAQ-C) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in China.Methods162 RA patients were recruited in the evaluation process. The reliability of the questionnaire was tested by internal consistency and item analysis. Convergent validity was assessed by correlations of MDHAQ-C with Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Hospital anxiety and depression scales (HAD). Discriminant validity was tested in groups of patients with varied disease activities and functional classes. To evaluate the clinical values, correlations were calculated between MDHAQ-C and indices of clinical relevance and disease activity. Agreement with the Disease Activity Score (DAS28) and Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) was estimated.ResultsThe Cronbach's alpha was 0.944 in the Function scale (FN) and 0.768 in the scale of psychological status (PS). The item analysis indicated all the items of FN and PS are correlated at an acceptable level. MDHAQ-C correlated with the questionnaires significantly in most scales and scores of scales differed significantly in groups of different disease activity and functional status. MDHAQ-C has moderate to high correlation with most clinical indices and high correlation with a spearman coefficient of 0.701 for DAS 28 and 0.843 for CDAI. The overall agreement of categories was satisfying.ConclusionMDHAQ-C is a reliable, valid instrument for functional measurement and a feasible, informative quantitative index for busy clinical settings in Chinese RA patients.

The Study on Evaluation and Improvement of Quality of Life in Patients With Advanced Cancer by China’s Hospice Program

This multicenter study evaluated the quality of life (QOL) of patients with advanced cancer and assessed the improvement in patients' QOL by hospice service program, using McGill Quality of Life Questionnaire-Hong Kong version (MQOL-HK) questionnaire in China's 32 hospice centers from March to June, 2012. Among 640 recruited cases, data of 630 patients were analyzed. Differences in patients' pre- and posthospice QOL were evaluated. Compared to prehospice results, patients' QOL scores improved significantly in physical, psychological, existential, and support domains after 3 weeks of hospice services. Some items were not thus classified primarily due to cross-cultural adaptation. The MQOL-HK questionnaire could effectively measure QOL in Chinese hospice patients and their QOL could be improved by hospice services. Psychological, existential, and support services should be emphasized during patients' initial 3 weeks of hospice admission.

Development and validation of a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease screening questionnaire in China

To develop a brief, reliable screening questionnaire for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) for use in primary care settings. We developed a COPD Screening Questionnaire (COPD-SQ) using data collected from 19,800 subjects aged ≥40 years obtained from an epidemiological study of COPD in China in 2002 (Phase I). A stepwise logistic regression method was adopted for item reduction and scoring. We then assessed the COPD-SQ through a cross-sectional study (Phase II) among 3231 subjects aged ≥40 years. The final COPD-SQ consisted of seven items: age, smoking pack-years, body mass index, cough, dyspnoea, family history of respiratory diseases and exposure to biomass smoke from cooking. Using the questionnaire to screen for COPD in Phase II, we obtained high classification accuracy with an area under the curve of 0.812 (95%CI 0.786-0.838). The sensitivity, specificity and correct classification rates for COPD diagnosis were respectively 60.6%, 85.2% and 82.7% at a cut-off score of 16. The COPD-SQ can be used in first-level screening for COPD.

The Characteristics and Travel Behaviors of Senior Leisure Travelers: A Cross-Cultural Comparison Between China and the US

The study compared senior leisure travelers residing in two distinct cultures, Chinese and American, with respect to travel psychology and behavior. Using two datasets collected through survey questionnaires in China and the US by different methods, the author conducted t-tests of independent samples on the variables of travel motivations, attitudes, destination selection, activities, and perceived barriers. The empirical results indicated that senior leisure travelers in China differed significantly from those in the US, although both groups did share some characteristics in common. These findings have implications for tourism marketers in both China and the US. Also, this study appears to be the first to compare empirically Chinese senior travelers with their counterparts in the US, thereby highlighting the need for more cross-cultural research in senior tourism.

On the Disaster Harm and Pattern of Chinese Village and Town Housing’s Typical Building Structure and the Countermeasures------ An Analysis of 499 Questionnaires in China

Based on 499 effective questionnaires in China, this paper firstly analyzes and concludes the type characteristics, spatial distribution, and combined characteristics of typical village and town housing’s building structure in China. Secondly, this paper studies the features and sorts of chief disasters in China and the harms on village and town housing. Finally, this paper summarizes the main factors that cause the disasters and the disaster pattern, and puts forward relevant countermeasures.

Comparison of respiratory symptoms between schoolchildren in China and Japan

ABSTRACT Background Despite improvements in air pollution, the prevalence and incidence of bronchial asthma, which has attracted a great deal of attention in relation to air pollution, is tending to increase in Japan as well as worldwide. Severe air pollution conditions currently exist in China due to sulfur dioxide and particulate matter, resulting from coal burning and motor vehicle exhaust gases associated with the rapid increase in the number of vehicles. Methods Using the same questionnaire in China and Japan, we conducted a comparative study of the prevalence of various respiratory symptoms among schoolchildren in Anshan ( n = 4395), Taiyuan ( n = 3784 in 1997; n = 3995 in 1999) and Chengdu ( n = 7795 in 1991; n = 3000 in 1998) in China and in Yokohama ( n = 4161) in Japan. The pollution concentrations in the survey area of China resembled the concentrations observed in heavy industry areas in Japan in the 1970s. Results Comparisons between schoolchildren in Japan and China showed that the prevalence of persistent cough and persistent phlegm (persistent congestion and phlegm) was higher among schoolchildren in China (e.g. the prevalence of persistent cough in boys in China was 2.4-8.1%, whereas the rate was only 2.1% for boys in Yokohama), whereas the prevalence of wheezing and asthma-like symptoms was higher among schoolchildren in Japan (e.g. the prevalence of asthma-like symptoms was 0.2-1.8% for boys in China, whereas this rate was 9.6% in Yokohama, Japan). Conclusions If China follows the same path as Japan, that is, proceeds with conversion from coal to oil as its primary energy source, the popularization of motor vehicles and chemical contamination of food, housing and clothing, there is a risk that the prevalence of bronchial asthma in Chinese children will increase in the same way as it has in Japan. It is hoped that research will be conducted to determine the cause of the increases in bronchial asthma in Japan and that preventive measures will be established so that Chinese children do not repeat the experience of Japanese schoolchildren.