Results Of Questionnaire Research Articles

Analisis Kemampuan Numerasi Siswa Sekolah Dasar Fase A Dalam Mengurutkan Bilangan

This study aims to analyze the numeracy abilities of elementary school students in class 1 phase a. The numeracy abilities analyzed are related to the concept of numbers, namely number sequences. This analysis was carried out to determine the difficulties experienced by phase A elementary school students in the mathematics subject of ordering numbers so that teachers can plan lessons that can overcome these problems. The method used in this research is qualitative method. Data collection techniques are carried out through test and questionnaire techniques. The research data was obtained from test instruments on 13 grade 1 phase a elementary school students and questionnaire results from 10 grade 1 phase a elementary school teachers in Rembang Regency. Data analysis is presented descriptively by reducing and displaying data then verifying and drawing conclusions. The results of the analysis of numeracy skills in ordering numbers are that students have difficulty in ordering numbers from largest to smallest. This difficulty is caused because learning is not in accordance with the development of thinking of class 1 students in phase a. Learning for grade 1 elementary school students must be real in accordance with concrete operational developments. The results of the questionnaire technique in analyzing students' numeracy skills regarding ordering numbers, respondents experienced major difficulties in ordering numbers from largest to smallest either in the form of symbols or pictures. The results of the research that has been carried out show that the numeracy skills of grade 1 elementary school students in phase a in ordering numbers still encounter difficulties, namely in ordering numbers from largest to smallest. Researchers hope that there will be efforts from grade 1 teachers to plan learning strategies that contain numeracy that suit the needs and characteristics of grade 1 elementary school students.

Pelatihan Strategi Pengenalan Bahasa Inggris pada Siswa PAUD bagi Guru PAUD Wineha di Diwek Jombang

Children, especially at the early childhood education level, are the nation's assets who will become future state leaders. Therefore, introducing English to elementary school children is crucial to enhance their abilities to pursue higher education. Learning and familiarizing themselves with English, as an international language of communication, can begin with reading, pronouncing, and forming simple sentences. An analysis of the situation at PAUD Wineha in Keras Village, Diwek Subdistrict, Jombang Regency, shows that PAUD teachers need "Training in English Introduction Strategies" to address students in the modern era. The results indicate that participants agree that teaching English in early childhood education is essential for several reasons, including skill-building, keeping up with the times, and providing a foundation for future educational journeys. According to the questionnaire results, the training was very good. Participants expressed their happiness and anticipation for future training sessions. They also noted that they appreciated the quality of the training and experienced positive feelings such as enthusiasm and excitement during the event.

Ferry Operators’ Perception on Influencing Factors of Ferry services in Lagos, Nigeria

Ferry operations and services are comprised of constituent factors that might be either simple or complex, depending on how they are regarded. Population density, frequency of service, fare, weather, operating cost and time, safety and cleanliness, and so on all play a role. This study aims to assess the factors which influence ferry operations and services in Lagos State with specific objectives to assess the socio-economic characteristics of the ferry operators; determine the level of supply of ferry by the operators; and identify the influencing factors of ferry ridership from Operators’ perspective. Primary and secondary data were source. However, a survey design method was deployed and used for the study. Trip survey was done daily; involved morning and evening traffic between 6:30 a.m. and 6:00 p.m. For boat/ferry operators, the sample size was 111. The data was analyzed using inferential and descriptive statistics; processed data from questionnaire results was evaluated hypothetically using the Pearson Chi-Square rule. The levels or ratings of supply factors were determined using a Likert rating scale. it was revealed that Ferry ridership is heavily influenced by operating time. Hypothesis tested revealed that ridership Fare does not have associative influence of the number of trips by the operators. The study concluded that supply determinants of ferry ridership and services contribute immensely to the level of ferry patronage and provisions. There is need to monitor irregularities that may crawl-into management and sustainability of water transport development in Lagos State and Nigeria as a whole.

PENGEMBANGAN LEMBAR KERJA PESERTA DIDIK (LKPD) BERBASIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR SISWA KELAS XI SMA NWDI PANCOR

This research aims to determine the validity and effectiveness of Project Based Learning Student Worksheets (LKPD) in increasing student learning motivation on the Human Digestive System material. This type of research is development research. This research uses the Bord and Gall development model. This model consists of 10 stages, but in its implementation it was simplified into 5 stages which were adapted to the needs and limitations of the research. The test subjects in this research were 1 material expert, 1 design expert, 1 biology teacher and 24 students. The data collection technique used in this research is a learning motivation questionnaire. The data collection instrument used in this research is an instrument to measure the validity of the LKPD in the form of a material expert validation sheet and a design expert validation sheet. The instrument for knowing teacher responses and student responses to LKPD is in the form of a questionnaire. Data analysis in this research uses instrument validity, student response results, and analysis of learning motivation questionnaire results. The results of the validity analysis of the material expert obtained 83.82% with valid criteria, the results of the validity analysis of the design expert obtained 88.33% with very valid criteria, and the results of the teacher response analysis obtained 98.68% with very good criteria as well as the results of the analysis of participant responses. students on LKPD obtained 90.07% with very good criteria. The results of the analysis of the student learning motivation questionnaire obtained a percentage of 91.14% with the criteria for achieving learning objectives (KKTP) being very effective. From the results of the research trial subjects, it shows that the Project Based Learning LKPD is suitable for use according to the needs of students.

KKN Tematik: Membangun Kesadaran Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Desa Jeruju Besar

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is caused by the bite of the female Aedes aegypti mosquito. Dengue hemorrhagic fever cases that occurred in Kubu Raya have reached 1,061 cases with 4 deaths, as of November 22 2023. The importance of preventing and controlling dengue fever needs to be done to reduce the increasing number of dengue fever cases that occur so that this problem is raised as KKN theme in Jeruju Besar Village. The KKN implementation was carried out in Jeruju Besar Village with a program to prevent and control dengue hemorrhagic fever which included socialization, training in making larvicide and wall magazine, also providing larvicide products, posters and platelet-increasing food. The results of evaluation show that there was an influence of the socialization carried out on increasing knowledge and understanding regarding dengue prevention and control among village residents from an average value of 59.24 to 87.83 and among elementary school students from an average value of 55.09 to 82 .61 which is supported by the Paired Sample T Test. The result of questionnaires also showed a good level of satisfaction from residents, where 82.61% felt that the were useful. Overall, the program implemented went well according to plan and received a very good response so that it was able to increase understanding and knowledge, also increase awareness in preventing and controlling the spread of dengue hemorrhagic fever among the residents of Jeruju Besar Village.

Designing Learning Media Based on ICT for Student’s Reading Skills of Tenth Grade SMK TI Annajiyyah Bahrul Ulum

This study aims to design MRELISH (Mukhlisoh Reading English) based on ICT, to improve the tenth-grade Vocational High School students’ interest in English learning, especially reading skill. This study used Research & Development (RND) method with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. In the Analyze phase, the researchers used two instruments, those are interviews and questionnaires. The results from interview data stated that MRELISH English teachers approved MRELISH media to be designed and developed. while the results of the students’ questionnaire stated that 69% of the total number of students agreed that MRELISH media was developed and applied in their English learning. In the Development and Implementation phases, the researchers used some instruments to collect data: interviews, questionnaires, observations, and documentation. The result of questionnaires from the material validation was 82% in the “very good” category and the result of the media validation was 92% in the “very good” category. After being implemented to students, the final result of the implementation was 84% which was categorized as “very good”. Based on those results, it can be concluded that MRELISH (Mukhlisoh Reading English) application was suitable to use in English learning to improve student’s reading skills in Vocational High School.

Pemanfaatan Aplikasi Android untuk Penjadwalan Mata Pelajaran SMK Media Informatika

This abdimas activities partnered with the SMK Media Informatika which is located at Jl. Sustainable 2 No. 99 Petukangan Selatan Deplu Complex Pesanggrahan South Jakarta 12270. The partners problems are Scheduling subjects still done manually, understanding of mobile programming such as interface design (UI/UX), database design and the technicalities of making Android programs which are still not yet in-depth from each teacher. This problem was overcome through this community service activity in the form of using an Android application for scheduling school subjects, namely providing training to teachers on designing the Android application interface (UI/UX), designing the required database and how to make the scheduling Android application. This activity was carried out face to face at the SMK Media Informatika. From the results of the evaluation questionnaire for the implementation of this activity, 100% of participants stated that this activity was useful, easy to understand, ran effectively and met expectations. So it can be concluded that this activity can provide solutions to the problems experienced by partners.

THE ROLE OF DIALECTS IN EFL STUDENTS’ PRONUNCIATION AT UNIVERSITY

The purpose of this study is to examine how dialect affects how English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students at Pgri University of Palembang pronounce the language. In the fourth semester of the 2023–2024 academic year, a total of 16 students from Palembang, Musi Banyuasin, Ogan Ilir, and Pagaralam participated in the study. The investigators utilized interviews and questionnaires as well as descriptive qualitative research approaches to obtain data. Twelve students agreed, according to the questionnaire results, that their dialect influences how they pronounce English words. Furthermore, the findings of the interviews revealed that the students hailing from Pagaralam, Ogan Ilir, and Musi Banyuasin believed their dialect contributed to a distinct pronunciation. In summary, dialect plays a part in how university students who are learning English as a foreign language pronounce the language.

Is the Severity of Preoperative Eyelid Dermatochalasis Directly Correlated with Patient Satisfaction After Upper Blepharoplasty? A Prospective Study Based on PROMs.

Facial ageing, particularly in the periorbital region, is a growing concern in contemporary culture. Upper blepharoplasty, a widely performed cosmetic surgery, addresses both aesthetic and functional issues related to eyelid dermatochalasis. This study aims to investigate patient satisfaction, the relationship between satisfaction and preoperative dermatochalasis severity, and the functional impact of preoperative skin excess. A prospective study was conducted from April 2022 to April 2023, evaluating primary upper blepharoplasty outcomes. Patient-reported outcomes were measured using the FACE-Q questionnaire, assessing quality of life and satisfaction. Preoperative symptoms were evaluated using a functional questionnaire. Dermatochalasis severity was classified into three groups. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS. Seventy-nine patients met inclusion criteria. Postoperative FACE-Q results demonstrated significant improvements in upper eyelid appraisal and satisfaction with eyes. Functional questionnaire results indicated an overall clinical improvement (p<0.01). Visual field tests showed statistically significant improvement in group 3. No correlation was found between preoperative dermatochalasis severity and postoperative aesthetic satisfaction. The study emphasizes the importance of validated questionnaires, particularly FACE-Q, in evaluating patient satisfaction and discomfort with upper lid ageing. Regardless of functional impairments, any degree of dermatochalasis may warrant treatment to ensure patient satisfaction with the cosmetic outcome. On the other hand, the functional benefits and improvements in the visual field also support the impact that the procedure has beyond purely aesthetic aspects. This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Training on Making Eco-Enzyme as a Natural Insecticide and Liquid Organic Fertilizer for Farmer Groups to Create Environmentally Friendly Agriculture

Habaring Urung is a sub-district where most farmers work and is one of the local vegetable and fruit-producing areas in Palangka Raya City. So far, farmers tend to use synthetic insecticides and chemical fertilisers obtained from agricultural shops to cultivate plants. Apart from expensive operational costs, synthetic insecticides and chemical fertilisers are known to damage the environment if used over a long period. Therefore, this program aimed to equip the knowledge and skills of farmer groups in the Habaring Hurung Sub-district to make environmentally friendly insecticides and liquid organic fertilisers. This activity was carried out using the Participatory Action Research (PAR) method. Implementation of activities consisted of several stages, i.e., preparation, problem identification, focus group discussions to determine programs that suit the problem, program implementation through training, and evaluation by administering questionnaires. This program was implemented in September 2023 at the Habaring Hurung Sub-district Office Hall with 39 activity participants. The enthusiasm and active participation of participants during the implementation of the program showed a positive response. The questionnaire results as part of the program evaluation also showed that almost all participants agreed (72.22%) and strongly agreed (27.78%) that participants' knowledge and skills increased after participating in this activity program. In addition, this program is also considered very useful and is planned to be continued independently by the activity participants. It shows that the program has increased the knowledge and skills of farmer groups in the Habaring Hurung Sub-district in making insecticides and liquid organic fertilisers that are environmentally friendly and of high value to support sustainable agricultural policies.

Post-COVID-19 Changes in Appetite-An Exploratory Study.

In this analysis, we aimed to investigate the effect of COVID-19 disease on eating behavior. A total of 55 right-handed adults, <50 years of age, without overweight or obesity, from two cross-sectional studies were included. The first one enrolled subjects between September 2018 and December 2019 (non-COVID-19 group). The second one included subjects enrolled between March 2022 and May 2023; for this analysis, 28 with a history of COVID-19 (COVID-19 group) were retained. Hunger, TFEQ-18, plasma ghrelin, neuropeptide Y (NPY) and resting-state fMRI were assessed during fasting. Intraregional neuronal synchronicity and connectivity were assessed by voxel-based regional homogeneity (ReHo) and degree of centrality (DC). Significantly higher ghrelin and NPY levels were observed in the COVID-19 group than in the non-COVID-19 group (ghrelin 197.5 pg/mL vs. 67.1 pg/mL, p < 0.001; NPY 128.0 pg/mL vs. 84.5 pg/mL, p = 0.005). The NPY levels positively correlated with the DC and ReHo in the left lingual (r = 0.67785 and r = 0.73604, respectively). Similar scores were noted for cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating in both groups according to the TFEQ-18 questionnaire results (p > 0.05 for all). Our data showed increased levels of appetite-related hormones, correlated with activity in brain regions involved in appetite regulation, persisting long after COVID-19 infection.

THE EFFECT OF SERVICE QUALITY ON THE SATISFACTION OF MEDIA PARTNERS AT PT. MAIN SOLO AUDIO RADIO (SOLOPOS RADIO)

Currently, many companies are opening services. This makes the level of competition of companies very tight. Therefore, these problems need to be considered by companies so that their business continuity is maintained. This study aims to analyze the quality of service on the satisfaction of media partners at Radio Solopos. In this study, a quantitative descriptive method is used. The respondents in this study are media partners of Radio Solopos. Of the 45 questionnaires distributed, the researcher took 30 respondents. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to respondents. The researcher calculated the questionnaire result using Social Science Statistics Package (SPSS) version 29 program. The result of this study is that service quality has a significant effect on media partner satisfaction. Because t counts are greater than t tables (7,254 &gt; 2,048). So that if the quality of the service provided is high, then the higher the satisfaction that will be obtained by media colleagues. Radio Solopos needs to improve the quality of services provided and also evaluate the job desks of each division.

Evaluation of chronic stress status and quality of life in cats suffering from chronic kidney disease and suspected feline infectious peritonitis based on hair cortisol concentration analysis and a questionnaire

Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) and a questionnaire were used as indicators of chronic stress status and quality of life (QoL), respectively, in cats. To date, there has been limited research on the simultaneous application of both indicators in unwell cats. Our aim was to evaluate HCC and questionnaire data obtained from a healthy cat cohort (n = 61) and cat cohorts with either chronic kidney disease (CKD) (n = 78) or suspected feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) (n = 24). Furthermore, we also investigated the correlation between HCC and clinical pathological data. For this study, hair from the abdomen of cats was collected and analyzed for HCC using a commercial ELISA kit. Owners also completed a questionnaire, from which average-item-weighted-impact-scores (AWISs) were calculated. Cats with late-stage-CKD (median, HCC = 330.15 pg/mg, AWIS = −0.43) presented with a significantly higher HCC (p < 0.01) and a significantly lower AWIS (p < 0.01) than cats with early-stage-CKD (HCC = 183.56 pg/mg, AWIS = 1.08). Similarly, there were significant differences in both HCC (p < 0.001) and AWIS (p < 0.001) between cats with suspected FIP (HCC = 896.27 pg/mg, AWIS = −1.97) and healthy cats (HCC = 181.24 pg/mg, AWIS = 1.24). The degree of consistency between the HCC results and the questionnaire results reminds us that the severity of a chronic disease or the presence of a life-threatening disease can significantly increase stress and thus can affect the QoL of cats.

Double Trouble: Malunited Distal Radius Fracture and Scapholunate Ligament Injury

Abstract Background Combinations of distal radius fractures with scapholunate ligament (SL) injuries are hard to diagnose, and amalunited fractures with ligament damage are rarely discussed. Methods Here is presented a case of a 40-year-old man with history of a malunited distal radius fracture and a scapholunate rupture with a time difference of over a decade between assumed traumatic incidents. We present the results of a simultaneous treatment of both conditions with corrective osteotomy and osteosynthesis of the distal radius combined with SL tenodesis. Results At 2 years after the surgery, there was a significant improvement in the results of the patient's questionnaire on subjective scales, a slight improvement in the range of motion in the wrist joint. Conclusion Despite the lack of publications on the topic in the literature, isolated problems of malunion of the distal radius fractures and the consequences of scapholunate injuries are still open for discussion. Our results suggest that when these two problems are combined, one-stage treatment can have excellent results.

Validation of the Chinese orthostatic discriminant and Severity Scale (ODSS) for detection of orthostatic intolerance syndrome

BackgroundOrthostatic intolerance (OI) is the inability to tolerate orthostatic stress during any postural change. The etiology of OI varies, and methods to obtain a specific diagnosis and plan appropriate treatment are important. The tools available within the Chinese context to swiftly identify orthostatic intolerance syndrome (OIS) are currently limited. MethodsPatients with OI symptoms were included in this study and categorized into two groups based on the results of the supine-to-stand test. Those with abnormal test results were assigned to the OIS group, while those with normal test results were placed in the non-OIS group. We evaluated the internal consistency and predictive value of the Chinese Orthostatic Discriminant and Severity Scale (ODSS) by comparing patients’ scores with their physiological measurements collected during orthostatic stress tests and the results of other available questionnaires, including the orthostatic Symptom Questionnaire and Orthostatic Grading Scale (OGS). ResultsPatients with OIS scored significantly higher on all three questionnaires and showed significant differences in autonomic responses during orthostatic stress tests compared with non-OIS patients. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the orthostatic score from the ODSS had moderate predictive value for the supine test (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.754). Further subgroup analysis revealed that the orthostatic score from the ODSS had uniquely high specificity and sensitivity for identifying patients with orthostatic hypotension with abnormal cerebral blood flow (OH–U, AUC = 0.919). ConclusionsWe conclude that the Chinese version of the ODSS has sufficient reliability and validity to distinguish patients with OIS and could possibly be used as a diagnostic tool for OH–U patients. Thus, the Chinese ODSS offers a beneficial screening tool for quickly assessing whether patients have OIS that requires further clinical assessment.

Surgical treatment of mobile planovalgus deformation of feet using calcaneal osteotomy based on preoperative computer modeling in adolescent: a retrospective cohort study

Background: Evans calcaneal osteotomy is one of the recognized surgical techniques for the treatment of flat-valgus foot deformity in children over 12 years of age, which allows simultaneous multiplanar correction. Preoperative planning of the formed diastasis parameters to reduce the number of cases of hypo- and hypercorrection remains an urgent issue. AIM: To evaluate the results of Evans calcaneal osteotomy using the developed method of preoperative planning and fixation with the individual H-shaped reconstructive plate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study included 64 children aged 12–17 years with symptomatic planovalgus deformity, who were divided into two groups: in the main group, preoperative planning was used according to the developed method; in the control group for intraoperative control of correction was used only fluoroscopy and visual assessment. To study the effectiveness of the developed method, we used dynamic assessment of radiometric parameters and AOFAS questionnaire results before and after surgery. We also took into account the changes in the Foot Posture Index 6 and the Chippaux-Smirak and Stasheli podometric indices. RESULTS: In comparison with the control group, the main group showed a reduction in the swelling period after surgery, as well as the timing of the onset of full limb support, and a significant decrease in the incomplete correction. Similar dynamics was observed when studying the groups according to the Foot Posture Index 6 scale and podometric indices. CONCLUSION: The use of the developed method of preoperative planning during the Evans operation has shown its effectiveness for the treatment of flexible flatfoot deformity of the feet in adolescence.

GRAMMATICAL ERROR IN WRITING RECOUNT TEXTS

TThe purpose of this study was to analyze the many kinds of grammatical errors that fall under four different categories—omission, addition, misorder, and distortion—as well as the reasons behind them when producing recount texts. The study employed a descriptive-qualitative research design. The participants were the 24 eighth-grade students from SMP Negeri 45 Palembang who were enrolled for the 2023–2024 academic year. The researcher employed questionnaires and writing tests as instruments to gather data, which was subsequently analyzed. The results revealed that 221 errors total—65 (29,4%) in the Omission category, 41 (18,6%) in the Addition category, 16 (7,2%) in the Misorder category, and 99 (44,8%) in the Misformation category—were committed by the students. When composing recall texts, students most frequently committed mistakes in the Misformation category. The questionnaire's results showed that students were not only interested in producing recount texts, but also, perhaps because of their limited vocabulary, they were not quite aware of how to apply grammatical structures in their writing.

PENERAPAN MODEL CONTEXTUAL TEACHING LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATAKAN MOTIVASI DAN HASIL BELAJAR IPA DIKELAS V/A SDN 036/VI RANTAU PANJANG III

ABSTRACT The problem in this research is that student motivation and learning outcomes in Natural Sciences subjects for class VA SDN 36/VI Rantau Panjang III are still relatively low. The aim of this research is to describe the application of the contextual learning model in the VA class on motivation and learning outcomes. The method used in this research is classroom action research (PTK). This research consists of 2 cycles, each cycle is carried out through 4 stages, namely planning, action, observation and reflection and consists of 2 meetings. Student learning motivation can be explained as follows: (1) the application of the contextual learning model can increase student learning motivation and the results of the learning motivation questionnaire show that in cycle I there was 55.45% while in cycle II it increased very well, namely 83.50%, this indicates s=tudent learning motivation increased according to the success indicator, namely 80%. The results of this research can be explained as follows: (1) the application of the contextual learning model in learning in cycle I is still not optimal. This can be seen from the tests in cycle I. Only 60.40% of students got a score within the maximum completeness criteria and 39.60% did not reach the maximum completeness criteria. (2) Student learning outcomes improved very well in cycle II. From 45% (initial observation), to 60.40% (cycle I) and 80.00% (cycle II). Keywords: Motivation, Science Learning Outcomes, Contextual Teaching Learning Model

The application of IGA in urban landscape design optimization

SummaryThe foundation of urban landscape design optimization is the precise evaluation of the effectiveness. To address the issues of strong subjectivity, low efficiency, and poor accuracy in urban landscape design evaluation methods, an intelligent evaluation method combining improved genetic algorithm and error backpropagation neural network is proposed. First, based on Maslow's demand theory and questionnaire survey results, it selects indicators to construct an evaluation index system for urban landscape design. Second, in response to the performance defects of the error backpropagation neural network model, the moth flame algorithm is used to optimize it. Then, in response to the defect that the optimization effect of the moth flame algorithm is not ideal enough, a multiple strategy including improved genetic algorithm is adopted to optimize it. Finally, an urban landscape design evaluation model is constructed based on improved error backpropagation neural network. The experimental results show that the fitting coefficient of the model is 0.9523, with a minimum deviation of less than 1%. The above results indicate that the proposed model can effectively improve the accuracy and efficiency of urban landscape design evaluation, providing data support for urban landscape design optimization. The research on the intelligent development of urban landscape design is of reference significance and has to some extent promoted the development of urban landscape design.

Evaluating 3-D positioning infrastructure quality and utilization: The potential improvement with multi-GNSS methods

This article evaluates the quality of the national 3-D positioning infrastructure using multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) to simulate the potential application of multi-GNSS method. The MCDM evaluation used coverage and availability of Indonesia Continuous Operating Reference System (INACORS) services, distribution of survey pillars, and accuracy of height determination using the Indonesian Geoid Model (INAGEOID). The term multi-GNSS method refers to the utilization of PPP method as a complement to the conventional differential GNSS method for the production of mapping control points. The results of this evaluation were complemented by a questionnaire analysis on the utilization of positioning infrastructure by respondents from various professional backgrounds. The MCDM evaluation results showed that Java had nearly 100% good or excellent 3-D positioning infrastructure quality. Other regions in Indonesia still had significant areas of average, fair, or even poor quality. The questionnaire results showed that many users have faced some problems in areas with fair or poor infrastructure quality. The application of multi-GNSS method can contribute to reduce up to half of the area with fair and poor positioning infrastructure quality.