Reliability Of Questionnaire Research Articles

Association between pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis Alternate Mediterranean Diet and ovarian cancer survival: evidence from a prospective cohort study

BackgroundThere is currently a lack of comprehensive evidence regarding the correlation between Alternate Mediterranean Diet (AMED) and the survival of patients with ovarian cancer (OC). This prospective cohort study first assessed the association of AMED, not only pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis but also the change from pre-diagnosis to post-diagnosis with OC survival.MethodsA total of 560 OC patients were included in the study, and their dietary intake was assessed using a reliable 111-item food frequency questionnaire. The overall survival (OS) of the patients was monitored through active follow-up and review of medical records until February 16th, 2023. Cox proportional hazard regression models were utilized to compute the hazard ratios (HRs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs).ResultsOut of the total 560 patients with OC, 211 (37.68%) succumbed during a median follow-up period of 44.40 months (interquartile range: 26.97–61.37). Comparative analysis indicated a significant association between the highest tertiles of pre-diagnosis (HR = 0.59; 95% CI 0.38–0.90; Ptrend < 0.05) and post-diagnosis (HR = 0.61; 95% CI 0.41–0.91; Ptrend < 0.05) AMED intake and improved OS as opposed to the lowest tertile. Additionally, a significant linear trend was observed for AMED and OC survival. Notably, decreased intake (more than 5% change) and significantly increased intake (more than 15% change) of AMED from pre-diagnosis to post-diagnosis were linked to worse and better OS, respectively, when compared to the stable intake group (change within 5%). Furthermore, patients displaying consistently higher AMED intake both before and after diagnosis experienced enhanced OS in comparison to those with consistently low AMED intake (HRHigh-High vs. Low-Low = 0.47; 95% CI 0.31–0.70).ConclusionHigh pre-diagnosis and post-diagnosis AMED was associated with an improved OS in patients with OC, suggesting that maintaining a consistently high intake of AMED could potentially benefit the prognosis of OC.

Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the Arabic version of the knee and hip health-related quality of life (Mini-OAKHQOL) questionnaire in male Saudi patients with osteoarthritis: a methodological observational design.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is common in Saudi Arabia, has a significant impact on quality of life (QoL), and lacks a specific questionnaire to measure QoL. The primary objective of this study was to translate and cross-culturally adapt the Mini Osteoarthritis Knee and Hip Quality of Life (Mini-OAKHQOL) questionnaire into Arabic and to determine its psychometric properties among OA knee and/or hip patients in Saudi Arabia. A methodological observational design was conducted and followed standard guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation of Mini-OAKHQOL into Saudi Arabic. Two hundred and eight primary OA knee and/or hip male participants aged between 45 and 80 years with a mean age of 58.65±13.8 years and a BMI of 29.5±1.2 kg/m2 were included and performed the stages of translation to target Arabic language (forward T1 and T2), synthesized an Arabic draft (T12), then back-translated to English (BT1 and BT2), followed by expert committee review to rectify the deficiencies leading to a prefinal stage involving a pilot test on native Arabic speakers, thereby finalized a final Arabic version. The Arabic Mini-OAKHQOL, Arabic Short Form 12 (SF12), and visual analog scale (VAS) were administered to analyze internal consistency (IC), test-retest reliability at baseline as well as one week later (up to the 10th day). The construct validity was tested using Spearman's rank correlation, and factor analysis was done to establish a five-factor fit model. Homogeneity was determined using principal component analysis (PCA). Floor and ceiling effects calculated in percentages. The Arabic Mini-OAKHQOL showed an excellent Cronbach's alpha of the overall scale (α=0.931) for its internal consistency and an excellent intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) of 0.947 for its retest reliability, with a high response rate of 93.75%. The construct validity of this scale was good with Ar-SF12 and VAS pain. A five-factor model fit was considered acceptable, and factor loading for each item found within the permissible limits confirmed the factorial validity. None of the items, dimensions, or overall scale showed either a floor or ceiling effect. The adapted and tested Arabic Mini-OAKHQOL is a reliable and valid questionnaire to measure the impact of knee and/or hip OA on quality of life in the Saudi Arabian male OA population to reduce the respondent's burden for use in clinical and prospective studies.

Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the hearing implant sound quality index questionnaire (HISQUI19)

Objectives The aim was to construct validity and reliability of the Hearing Implant Sound Quality Index Questionnaire (HISQUI19) in Turkish. Methods This study was a methodologic study to validate HISQUI19 in Turkish. The study included 62 cochlear implant users. Guttman’s split half-coefficient and Cronbach’s alpha tests were used for construct validity and internal consistency. Pearson correlation test was used to assess the relationship of the HISQUI19 total score to the SSQ49 scales for CI users and to show test – retest reliability. Results The Cronbach’s α value was 0.94 overall score with high internal consistency (Guttman’s split-half-coefficient: 0.912). Test-retest reliability results showed high repeatability and consistency of the measure across time (r = 0.708; P = 0.002). Support for conducting factor analysis was provided by the KMO test, with a value of 0.876, which is ‘great’. Discussion Subjective evaluation of cochlear implant users’ daily life experiences is a useful tool to reveal the auditory benefits of cochlear implant usage. Conclusion Turkish version of the HISQUI19 is a reliable and valid assessment tool for adults with CIs. This questionnaire provides clinicians with a valuable, reliable, and valid tool for determining the subjective benefit of CI for patients.

The test-retest reliability of a Body Posture Literacy Questionnaire among Polish teachers from different educational levels

Background The study aimed to develop a reliable and valid Teachers’ Body Posture Literacy Questionnaire (TBPLQ) to examine their body posture knowledge. Methods The tool was based on a Parents Body Posture Literacy Questionnaire (PBPLQ) and modified and validated through discussion with experts, conducted in two rounds. Corrective gymnastics, physiotherapy, ergonomics, and physical education (PE) experts and doctoral and postdoctoral scholars evaluated content validity. Test-retest repeatability was tested using Cohen’s kappa coefficient. The study used a convenience sample of 195 teachers from three different educational levels: PE, kindergarten, and primary education in two rounds of test-retest (pilot test-retest reliability and main test-retest reliability of the questionnaire). The first round encompassed 95 participants, with pre-test and post-test procedures applied using the original TBPLQ. The second round involved 100 participants and followed a similar approach, incorporating modifications to the TBPLQ based on the reliability outcomes observed in the first round. Results The results of the first-round test-retest TBPLQ reliability, with 95 samples, resulted in an overall reliability of 0.77 (range 0.02 to 1). This indicated that the questionnaire still lacks sufficient reliability. Consequently, after the necessary amendments and modifications, the questionnaire’s reliability was tested for the second time with 100 samples. Notably, the overall reliability of 0.82 (ranging from 0.50 to 1) was established for the TBPLQ indicating that 87.5% of the questionnaire items achieved reliability scores within the substantial and almost perfect range and only 12.5% of the items attained moderate reliability scores. Conclusions The questionnaire is a new self-report measure for evaluating teachers’ literacy in postural health. It is applicable in both research and practical contexts, extending its use to larger and more diverse populations.

Assessing self-efficacy, working memory, and proficiency in a multimedia writing environment

Abstract The present study examined self-efficacy, working memory, and English proficiency in a multimedia writing environment. The research design included a survey to assess self-efficacy and a writing assessment within a multimedia environment, while controlling for working memory capacity and levels of English proficiency. Data collection methods comprised a survey on self-efficacy beliefs in multimedia writing, a working memory task, and the standardized College English Test Band 4 in China. The participants were a total of 406 Chinese university students. The results support the reliability of the self-efficacy questionnaire, with five dimensions: linguistic knowledge, planning, monitoring, evaluation, and performance. These five factors were positively correlated with the students’ writing performance in a multimedia environment. The structural equation modeling findings suggest that working memory and English language proficiency moderate learners’ self-efficacy in EFL multimedia writing. Relevant implications based on the findings were discussed.

Attitude of Students and Professors Toward Quality of Residency Medical Education at the Selected University of Medical Sciences in Tehran in 2023

Background: Clinical education is one of the most essential components of medical student education, as it significantly impacts students' professional futures and the training of healthcare experts. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the quality of clinical teaching from the perspective of residents and professors at selected medical schools in Tehran city. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using the census technique on 81 residents and 48 faculty members from internal medicine, surgery, radiology, anesthesia, and physical medicine in 2023. The data collection instrument was a reliable and valid questionnaire. After gathering the data, SPSS software computed the score for each item and reported it as a percentage. Results: The research findings showed that residents reported morning reports are always held in 94% of the internal medicine group and 60% of the surgical group. Additionally, 80% of the residents and 100% of the professors in the surgery department stated that the group held regular mortality and morbidity meetings. Thirty-three percent of radiology and physical medicine residents mentioned that the hospital amenities are of good quality. The residents of the physical medicine department reported that theory classes are always held 83% of the time. Conclusions: According to the present findings, the quality of education in internal medicine and surgical courses is optimal from the perspective of both professors and students. Periodic studies on the sustainability and improvement of current educational conditions are recommended.

GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES: EVIDENCE FROM PRIMARY DATA ANALYSIS

This study investigates Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices within the food and beverages sector in Nigeria, focusing on how these practices contribute to the sustainability of these companies. A census approach was adopted, encompassing the entire population of 325 staff members from the sector. Data was collected using a validated and reliable questionnaire, with a Cronbach Alpha coefficient of 0.798. The analysis, conducted using SPSS Version 25, revealed key insights into GHRM practices. Results indicated that green recruitment is well-integrated into the companies, with 87.1 of respondents confirming the inclusion of green job descriptions, and 81.6 agreeing that employees are recruited based on their environmental awareness. Green training is also emphasized, with 87.1 of respondents agreeing that their companies conduct training on environmental management, and 81.6 confirming job rotation to develop green managers. Green rewards are prevalent, with 85.3 agreeing that employees receive bonuses for environmental achievements. Additionally, 87.1 of respondents agreed that green performance appraisal systems are in place, incorporating green performance indicators. Lastly, 87 of employees felt involved in green initiatives, highlighting active communication and engagement in environmental policies. The findings suggest that GHRM practices significantly enhance the sustainability of food and beverages companies in Nigeria. The widespread adoption of green recruitment, training, rewards, performance appraisal, and employee involvement underscores the importance of aligning HR practices with environmental goals for improved sustainability and business performance.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Radiologists and Paramedics Towards Accident and Emergency Preparedness and the Role of Biomedical Engineering in Prehospital Emergencies

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice of radiologists and paramedics regarding accident and emergency preparedness in hospitals in the southern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and how to improve their role. Materials and methods: This was a descriptive, cross‑sectional online survey that was carried out among radiologists and paramedics in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A self-structured, close-ended questionnaire that was administered that consisted of 19 questions was included. The questionnaire validity and reliability were evaluated for vetting and remarks. The questions were circulated through Google Forms, and it was circulated among the study participants through online mode. The data were collected systematically, and SPSS Statistics version 26.0 was used for data analysis Results: There were 139 responses, (77 specialist's radiology and 62 paramedics) participated in the study through Google Forms. In the study group, 84 (61.4%) were know the main steps for emergency response in major emergencies (p-value 0.000). Among the 19 questions used to assess the KAP, 12 questions were significant with a p-value less than 0.05. More than 72.6% agree the Management must be adequately prepared when emergencies and accidents occur. The respondents’ attitude toward emergency preparedness was generally positiveو Only a minority, that is, 43 (30.9%) of the respondents think it is possible for cooperation between radiologists and paramedics to interpret emergency cases and develop treatment plans in the emergency department. Conclusion: The level of knowledge was satisfactory among the radiologists and paramedics with a neutral level of attitudes, practice and knowledge regarding disaster preparedness. Follow-up research is essential to maximize the preparedness of the accident and emergency department.

Assessing the Reliability of the Sexual Violence Questionnaire in Sport among Spanish-Speaking Athletes.

The prevalence of sexual harassment and abuse in school sport, specifically by coaches against their athletes, remains a concerning and pervasive issue. In an attempt to better understand and prevent specific coach-behaviours associated with such sexual misconduct, researchers have developed the Sexual Violence Questionnaire in Sport. While the reliability of this measurement tool has been tested in Anglo-Saxon cultural contexts, it is not known whether the questionnaire is applicable to other cultural contexts. This study aimed to analyse the internal consistency and reliability of the questionnaire on sexual harassment in sport, originally designed and developed in English. A sample of 146 (52 female, 94 male) undergraduate students from a university in the Basque Country participated in this cross-sectional study. The questionnaire was administered twice over a two-week period to assess test-retest reliability. The internal consistency of the Sexual Violence Questionnaire in Sport was high, with Cronbach's alpha values of 0.891 for perceptions and 0.813 for experiences across all participants. Gender-specific analysis showed similar reliability, with females having slightly lower alpha values for perceptions. Although significant differences were observed between the test and the retest on eight perception items and one experience item, Cohen's kappa analysis indicated agreement on all items; however, some of them were low (e.g., 0.13). In conclusion, the study highlights the questionnaire's overall reliability and suggests its effectiveness as a tool for measuring sexual violence in sport within the Spanish context. Nonetheless, the findings of this study underscore the need for further research to enhance the instrument's stability and to better understand gender differences in perceptions and experiences of sexual violence in sport contexts.

Transcultural adaptation and validation of Persian Version of Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC-5As) Questionnaire in Iranian older patients with type 2 diabetes

BackgroundThe Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care (PACIC-5As) questionnaire has been designed to evaluate the healthcare experiences of individuals with chronic diseases such as diabetes. Older adults are at higher risk for diabetes and its associated complications. The aim of this study was transcultural adaptation and evaluation of the validity and reliability of the PACIC-5As questionnaire in older patients with diabetes residing in Qazvin City, Iran.MethodIn this validation study, we recruited 306 older patients with diabetes from Comprehensive Health Centers in Qazvin, Iran. The multi-stage cluster sampling technique was used to choose a representative sample. The PACIC-5As questionnaire was translated into Persian using the World Health Organization (WHO) standardized method. The validity (face, content, and construct) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha) of the PACIC-5As were assessed. Data analysis was conducted using R software and the Lavaan package.ResultsThe mean age of the older patients was 69.99 ± 6.94 years old. Most older participants were female (n = 180, 58.82%) and married (n = 216, 70.59%). Regarding face validity, all items of PACIC-5As had impact scores greater than 1.5. In terms of content validity, all items had a content validity ratio > 0.49 and a content validity index > 0.79. The results of confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated that the model exhibited satisfactory fit across the expected five factors, including assess, advise, agree, assist, and arrange, for the 25 items of the PACIC-5As questionnaire. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the PACIC-5As questionnaire was 0.805.ConclusionThis study indicates that the Persian version of the PACIC-5As questionnaire is valid and reliable for assessing healthcare experiences in older patients with diabetes. This means that the questionnaire can be effectively used in this population.

A Study of Need Assessment to Improving Quality of Child Development Center’s Management Under the Local Administrative Organization in the Northeast, Thailand

The purposes of this research were to (1) study the needs of child development center, local administrative organizations in Northeast, and (2) design and evaluate the guidelines of child development center&amp;rsquo;s management. The research is quantitative research, which was divided into 2 phases: the first phase was to survey the current conditions, desirable conditions, and analysis of needs and the second phase was to design and evaluate the guidelines of child development center&amp;rsquo;s management. The sample population was 354 people of subdistrict administrative organization&amp;rsquo;s administrators, Director of Department of Education, teachers at child development center, local administrative organization, northeast. The sampling method was multistage sampling. And the tool that was used was reliability questionnaire. For the current condition it was at 0.98. The desirable situation was at 0.96. The data analysis process used percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Priority Need Index (PNImodified). It was found that 1) The current condition of the management at the child development center was in low level while the desirable condition was in high level. Once needs were considered individually it was found that the highest index was building, environment, and safety, including participation and support from every sector. 2) The guideline for the management at child development center was divided into 5 perspectives of 15 practices. And the evaluation of the guideline indicated appropriateness and possibility were at a high level.

A Machine Learning Approach to Well-Being in Late Childhood and Early Adolescence: The Children’s Worlds Data Case

Explaining what leads to higher or lower levels of subjective well-being (SWB) in childhood and adolescence is one of the cornerstones within this field of studies, since it can lead to the development of more focused preventive and promotion actions. Although many indicators of SWB have been identified, selecting one over the other to obtain a reasonably short list poses a challenge, given that models are particularly sensitive to the indicators considered.Two Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, one based on Extreme Gradient Boosting and Random Forest and the other on Lineal Regression, were applied to 77 indicators included in the 3rd wave of the Children’s Worlds project and then compared. ExtremeGradient Boosting outperforms the other two, while Lineal Regression outperforms Random Forest. Moreover, the Extreme Gradient Boosting algorithm was used to compare models for each of the 35 participating countries with that of the pooled sample on the basis of responses from 93,349 children and adolescents collected through a representative sampling and belonging to the 10 and 12-year-olds age groups. Large differences were detected by country with regard to the importance of these 77 indicators in explaining the scores for the five-item-version of the CWSWBS5 (Children’s Worlds Subjective Well-Being Scale). The process followed highlights the greater capacity of some ML techniques in providing models with higher explanatory power and less error, and in more clearly differentiating between the contributions of the different indicators to explain children’s and adolescents’ SWB. This finding is useful when it comes to designing shorter but more reliable questionnaires (a selection of 29 indicators were used in this case).

Cross-cultural adaptation, reliability, and validity of the vestibular rehabilitation benefit questionnaire in the central Kurdish version

Background and objectives: The vestibular rehabilitation benefit questionnaire is a new patient-reported outcome measures with psychometric properties, to assess the efficacy of vestibular rehabilitation. The present study aims to cross-culturally adapt the questionnaire into the central Kurdish dialect and to examine its psychometric properties. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Sulaimani city- Kurdistan Region of Iraq from March to September 2022, on 127 patients diagnosed with vestibular disorders between 18 to 79 years old. The vestibular rehabilitation benefit questionnaire Kurdish version was created through a regulated process of cross-cultural adaptation. The Kurdish participants were responded to the questionnaire, vertigo symptom scale short form and dizziness handicap inventory to assess validity of the questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by randomly selecting 40 participants to repeat the questionnaire responses over a 24-hour timeline. Results: The results revealed that the ? for subscales of dizziness, anxiety, motion-provoked dizziness, quality of life and the scale of vestibular rehabilitation benefit questionnaire -total were 0.81, 0.82, 0.78, 0.77, and 0.92, respectively. The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.96 for the questionnaire total scale; 0.97 and 0.93 for symptoms and quality of life subscales, respectively. Spearman rho correlation coefficient revealed a powerfully positive relationship between total the questionnaire and dizziness handicap inventory, and a strong positive relationship between total questionnaire and vertigo symptom scale short form. Conclusion: The vestibular rehabilitation benefit questionnaire Kurdish version is a reliable and validated patient-reported outcome measures that can be utilized for the Kurdish-speaking population.

Factors Leading Young Christian Adults to Elope in the Anglican Church of Kenya, Taveta East Archdeaconry

This study sought to establish factors leading young Christian adults to the practice of eloping among youth in the Anglican Church, Taveta East Archdeaconry. It was guided by the Human Psychosocial Development Theory, Ecological Model Theory, and Moral Development Theory. It adopted a descriptive research design. The target population was eloping aged 20 - 40 years, 5 clergies, and 61 parents. The study used a purposive sampling method. The study’s sample size was 176. Face-to-face interviews were used for the clergy. Focus group discussions were used for the parents. The questionnaires' accuracy and reliability were verified by the inter-rater method. The analyses made use of the statistical package for social sciences version 28. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, such as frequencies, mean, and percentages. Qualitative data was organized into themes for analysis. The study findings include; factors such as; peer influence, financial difficulties in a family, little guidance and counseling in church; parents’ support for eloping practice; phone; youth failing to embrace the Christian faith, which contribute to the practice of eloping among the Christian youth in Taveta East Archdeaconry. Language barrier posed a challenge to some respondents. Some were more conversant with Kiswahili than English prompting the translation of questionnaires from English to Kiswahili. Questionnaires require more time to reach the respondents, filling and returning them. This was solved by early communication to clergy and timely distribution. The number of respondents per focus group in some parishes was less than expected. This was solved by increasing the number of respondents in another station.

Anxiety and Depression after Spinal Cord Injury: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a life-changing event that often results in chronic physical damage and challenges in maintaining a good quality of life as it affects every aspect of life. These situations require adjustment, increasing vulnerability to psychological disorders. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of SCI on psychological morbidity in individuals with subacute and chronic SCI. The present investigation was designed to determine the presence and extent of psychological complications following SCI. We used two reliable questionnaires and validated psychological assessments to study depression (BDI) and anxiety (STAI), a broad range of factors derived from SCI that may be predictors of certain psychological problems. The psychological assessment revealed alterations in depression and anxiety, although the data do not exceed those of previous investigations. No clear predisposing factors leading to certain psychological pathologies were found. In addition, individuals in the subacute and chronic stages differed in their scores. In individuals with SCI, identifying predictors of psychological problems is difficult, but premature assessment of mental state is essential. This early diagnosis of possible problems or changes at the mental level is fundamental and necessary to avoid possible alterations at the cognitive level and, of course, more serious mental complications.

Urdu translation, cross-cultural validation and reliability of ECOS-16 questionnaire among post-menopausal women with osteopenia.

Escala de Calidad de vida Osteoporosis (ECOS-16) was originally developed in Spanish to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) in post-menopausal women (PMW) with osteoporosis or osteopenia based on the osteoporosis-specific QoL instruments. ECOS-16 has been translated into several languages, but the Urdu version is not yet available. To translate the ECOS-16 Questionnaire into Urdu and determine its validity and reliability in PMW with osteopenia. This was a linguistic validity and reliability study. ECOS-16 was translated into Urdu using Beaton's guidelines. Content validity was examined using Waltz's four-point ordinal scale. Twenty osteopenia-afflicted PMW aged 48-70 underwent pilot testing for face validity. Discriminant validity was determined by an independent T-test between PMW women with and without osteopenia. Convergent validity was assessed using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Cronbach's alpha and Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) assessed internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The factor analysis was used to describe the factors. Each question's content validity ratio (CVR) was 0.83-1.00, while the scale's S-CVR was 0.96. Each question's Likert scale content validity index (CVI) was 0.91-0.93, while the scale's S-CVI was 0.91. Significant discriminant validity was found between groups in weeks I and II (p-value < 0.001). A correlation coefficient of 0.89 and 0.96 (p-value < 0.001) between Urdu ECOS-16 total score and SF-36 and EQ-5D scores suggests convergent validity. One component explained 83.86% of Urdu ECOS-16's variance in factor analysis. Excellent test-retest reliability (ICC2,1 = 0.990, 95% CI, 0.985-0.994, p-value < 0.001). Cronbach's alpha for standardized items was 0.995. ECOS-16 translated in Urdu is a valid and reliable questionnaire to assess QoL in PMW with osteopenia. It has a simple and easy language that can be understood easily by the Urdu-speaking population.

Food safety knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of street vendors: a cross-sectional study in Jordan

PurposeThis study examined the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) regarding food safety and hygiene among street food vendors (SFVs) in Jordan, along with associated factors.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilized a cross-sectional design and targeted a sample of 405 SFVs in Jordan's two most densely populated cities. Data were collected through in-person interviews using a validated and reliable structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis and linear regression were conducted using SPSS v.25 software to examine associations and predict outcomes.FindingsThe findings reveal that SFVs possess a moderate level of knowledge but exhibit negative attitudes and inadequate practices regarding food safety. Significant associations were identified between age, education level, work experience, marital status, gender and the vendors' KAP. Older SFVs tend to exhibit lower knowledge and attitudes, whereas those with more experience and higher education levels demonstrate better KAP. Marital status and gender also influence knowledge and attitudes.Originality/valueThis study fills a critical gap in the research landscape by comprehensively examining the knowledge, attitudes and practices of street food vendors regarding food safety, with a focus on Jordan. Its findings shed light on the challenges facing the street food vending industry and offer actionable recommendations for enhancing food safety practices. As such, the study's originality and significance lie in its potential to drive positive change within this vital culinary tradition, safeguarding public health and economic livelihoods.Highlights -The study's novelty lies in its exploration of street food vendors' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to food safety, a facet critical to understanding and addressing the challenges facing this industry. It offers an in-depth examination of factors such as education, experience, age, and marital status that influence vendors' adherence to food safety measures. By focusing on the two most populous cities in Jordan, the study not only provides a comprehensive picture of the situation but also sets the groundwork for policy recommendations and interventions.-The research highlights a series of concerning findings. Street food vendors exhibit a moderate level of knowledge regarding food safety, with substantial gaps in understanding specific pathogens and transmission routes. Negative attitudes towards food safety are prevalent, translating into suboptimal hygiene practices. The study's results underscore the urgent need for tailored interventions to address these challenges and improve overall food safety practices within the street food vending sector.-The findings offer actionable insights for policymakers, public health authorities, and local governments. They suggest targeted educational initiatives to enhance vendors' understanding of food safety principles and their significance in preventing foodborne illnesses. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the need for improved infrastructure, access to clean water, and proper sanitation facilities to support vendors in implementing safer practices. By highlighting the associations between socio-demographic factors and food safety KAP, the study offers a blueprint for crafting interventions that address the unique needs of different subgroups of street food vendors.

Validation of the Pediatric Spatial Hearing Questionnaire.

Spatial hearing is necessary for adequate sound awareness and speech perception abilities; however, research indicates that children have difficulties on these spatial hearing tasks that affect functioning in their daily environment. The purpose of this study was to validate a pediatric version of the Spatial Hearing Questionnaire (P-SHQ) for determining binaural hearing benefits and spatial hearing ability in children. We recruited parents and guardians of 68 children ages kindergarten through eighth grade to participate. Parents completed the P-SHQ, the Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale-Parent version, and a demographic questionnaire. To determine the factor structure of the P-SHQ, we conducted an exploratory factor analysis and reliability was assessed by calculating correlation coefficients. Three factors emerged during factor analysis: Factor 1 = sound localization, Factor 2 = speech-in-noise perception, and Factor 3 = speech perception in quiet. The P-SHQ has good internal consistency reliability (α = .97), and high item-total correlations were found. The correlation between scores from the P-SHQ questionnaire and the SSQ-Spatial subscale questionnaire provides evidence for the construct validity of the P-SHQ. The P-SHQ is a reliable and valid questionnaire to assess spatial hearing ability in children. This quick-to-administer tool can be incorporated into audiological care to determine the spatial hearing skills of a child and assist in counseling, making it a valuable assessment for hearing health care professionals.

Evaluation of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of Artificial Intelligence in Endodontics and Implantology Education: A Cross-sectional Study

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of AI in Endodontics and implantology education among dental professionals' and dental students in Endodontics and implantology education at the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods: The present study is a descriptive cross-sectional online survey that was carried out among dental students and dental professionals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A self-structured, close-ended questionnaire that was administered that consisted of 17 questions was included. The questionnaire validity and reliability were evaluated for vetting and remarks. The questions were circulated through Google Forms, and it was circulated among the study participants through online mode. The data were collected systematically, and SPSS Statistics version 26.0 was used for data analysis. Results: There were 805 responses, (443 dental students and 362 dental professionals') participated in the study through Google Forms. Among these, 435 (54%) were females and 370 (46%) were males. In the study group, 491 (61.0%) were aware of AI, and 314 (39.0 %) were not aware (p-value 0.000). Among the 17 questions used to assess the KAP, 12 questions were significant with a p-value less than 0.05. More than 73 % prefer to use artificial intelligence in endodontics and implantology education. About 120 (14.9%) agreed that AI will replace the role of dentists in the future. There were no significant results in comparing dental students and dental professionals. Conclusion: The current study contributes valuable insights into knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions related to artificial intelligence among dental student and professionals in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Despite some reservations, the majority show a positive view towards the role of AI in the endodontic education, which indicates fertile ground for further exploration and integration of AI technologies into endodontic education. There is a need for continued future research to explore strategies to improve the potential of AI while test their reliability and relevance in endodontic and implantology education.

Assessment of the Need for Designing an Interactive Educational Tool on Exophytic Lesions of the Oral Mucosa.

Introduction This study sought to evaluate the necessity of creating an interactive educational resource for instructing dental students on oral exophytic lesions. It also aimed to determine the validity and reliability of a questionnaire designed to assess the quality of educational software tailored to these lesions. Materials and methods This descriptive cross-sectional study involved 102 dental students from Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Iran, who had completed the theoretical course on oral exophytic lesions. A paper questionnaire, including 23 items, assessed their clinical knowledge, the efficacy and limitations of existing educational resources, and the need for interactive electronic courseware (e-courseware). The questionnaire's validity and reliability were evaluated through expert feedback and statistical measures (intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha). Results Students' answers to the seven items about evaluating their clinical diagnosis knowledge of oral exophytic lesions were between four and five items correct on average. This finding indicated that students' overall skill in diagnosing exophytic lesions was poor to moderate.The study highlighted a moderate level of self-assessed clinical ability in diagnosing oral exophytic lesions among students (62.7%), with a preference for textbooks and color atlases as primary information sources. The disadvantages of existing electronic resources were noted, alongside a strong student consensus (88.23%) on the need for interactive e-courseware featuring comprehensive, visually engaging content for differential diagnosis education. The reliability and validity analyses of the questionnaire underscored its appropriateness for assessing educational needs. In this regard, ICC for the usability of scientific context, training ability, and interaction was 0.92, 0.73, and 0.82, respectively. Also, Cronbach's alpha score was at 0.90. Conclusion The research underscores a significant gap in dental students' knowledge and diagnostic skills regarding oral exophytic lesions. It emphasizes the critical need for an innovative, interactive educational tool that aligns with contemporary students' digital learning preferences. The envisioned e-courseware would facilitate self-learning and address current resources' limitations, potentially transforming dental education by enhancing clinical diagnostic skills through accessible, effective, and engaging digital content.