Questionnaire Data Research Articles

Low back pain or injury before collegiate athletics, a potential risk factor for non-contact athletic injuries.

Majority of research surrounding the predictive value of clinical measurements and assessments for future athletic injury does not differentiate between contact and non-contact injuries. We assessed the association between clinical measures and questionnaire data collected prior to sport participation and the incidence of non-contact lower extremity (LE) injuries among Division III collegiate athletes. Prospective cohort study. University setting, NCAA Division III. 488 Division III freshmen athletes were recruited to participate in the study during their preseason physical examinations. 10,983 public schools. Prospective incidence of non-contact Lower extremity Injury. Athletes completed questionnaires to collect demographics and musculoskeletal pain history. Clinical tests, performed by trained examiners, included hip provocative tests, visual appraisal of a single leg squat to identify dynamic knee valgus, and hip range of motion (ROM). Injury surveillance for each athlete's collegiate career was performed. The athletic training department documented each athlete-reported, new onset injury and documented the injury location, type, and outcome (days lost, surgery performed). Univariable Generalized Estimating Equations (GEE) models were used to analyze the relationship between each clinical measure and the first occurrence of non-contact LE injury. An exchangeable correlation structure was used to account for repeated measurements within athletes (right and left limbs). Of the 488 athletes, 369 athletes (75%) were included in the final analysis. 69 non-contact LE injuries were reported. Responding "Yes" to "Have you ever had pain or an injury to your low back" was associated with an increased risk of non-contact LE, odds ratio = 1.59 (95%CI 1.03- 2.45, p=.04). No other clinical measures were associated with increased injury risk. A history of prior low back pain or injury was associated with an increased risk of sustaining a non-contact LE injury while participating in NCAA Division III athletics.

Energy management optimization of hybrid electric vehicles based on deep learning model predictive control

In this paper, the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) energy management optimization method is proposed based on deep learning (DL) model predictive control. Through empirical research combined with the questionnaire survey, this article not only provides a new perspective and practical basis but also improves the efficiency and accuracy of the model by improving the relevant algorithms. The study first analyzes the importance of HEV energy management and reviews the existing literature. Then, the optimization method of HEV energy management based on the deep learning model is introduced in detail, including the composition of energy management for hybrid electric vehicles, the structure and working principle of the deep learning model, especially the backpropagation neural network (BPNN) and the convolutional neural network (CNN), and the steps of application of deep learning in energy management. In the experimental part, questionnaire data from 1,500 consumers were used to design the HEV energy management optimization scheme, and consumers’ attitudes and preferences towards HEV energy optimization were discussed. The experimental results show that the proposed model can predict HEV energy consumption under different road conditions (urban roads, highways, mountain areas, suburban areas, and construction sites), and the difference between the average predicted energy consumption and the actual energy consumption is between 0.1KWH and 0.3KWH, showing high prediction accuracy. In addition, the deep learning-based energy management strategy outperforms traditional control strategies in terms of fuel consumption (6.2 L/100 km), battery charge and discharge times (814), battery life, and CO2 emissions, significantly improving the efficiency of HEV energy. These results demonstrate the great potential and practical application value of deep learning models in the optimization of energy management of HEVs, helping to drive the development of more sustainable and efficient transportation systems.

Transformation of Modern Urban Park Based on User’s Spatial Perceived Preferences: A Case Study of Kowloon Walled City Park in Hong Kong

Urban parks enhance residents’ quality of life and health by fostering a harmonious relationship between people and nature, so effective park design needs to prioritize ecological protection, sustainable landscapes, and practical spatial structures to achieve these benefits. This study takes the typical case of urban park renovation and reconstruction—Kowloon Walled City Park—as an example to conduct research and divides the interior of the park into four types of areas: contemporary built-up area; historical relic area; natural–folk custom area; and ecological conservation area. Based on 405 valid questionnaire data for respondents, this study conducts empirical research using a combination of the Semantic Differential (SD) method, Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) model, and unordered multivariate logit choice model, comprehensively describes and analyzes individual spatial perception and preferences, and further discusses the potential factors affecting individual perception preferences. The results show that there are differences in many characteristics between different areas in Kowloon Walled City Park. At the same time, people generally prefer park areas that integrate modern and traditional elements, natural and cultural environments, and pay attention to the balance between naturalness and sociality in park design. These results provide useful information for planners, developers, and others, as well as data for designing urban park construction with higher practical value and natural benefits.

Development and Validation of Machine Learning Models to Predict Postoperative Delirium Using Clinical Features and Polysomnography Variables.

Background: Delirium affects up to 50% of patients following high-risk surgeries and is associated with poor long-term prognosis. This study employed machine learning to predict delirium using polysomnography (PSG) and sleep-disorder questionnaire data, and aimed to identify key sleep-related factors for improved interventions and patient outcomes. Methods: We studied 912 adults who underwent surgery under general anesthesia at a tertiary hospital (2013-2024) and had PSG within 5 years of surgery. Delirium was assessed via clinical diagnoses, antipsychotic prescriptions, and psychiatric consultations within 14 days postoperatively. Sleep-related data were collected using PSG and questionnaires. Machine learning predictions were performed to identify postoperative delirium, focusing on model accuracy and feature importance. Results: This study divided the 912 patients into an internal training set (700) and an external test set (212). Univariate analysis identified significant delirium risk factors: midazolam use, prolonged surgery duration, and hypoalbuminemia. Sleep-related variables such as fewer rapid eye movement (REM) episodes and higher daytime sleepiness were also linked to delirium. An extreme gradient-boosting-based classification task achieved an AUC of 0.81 with clinical variables, 0.60 with PSG data alone, and 0.84 with both, demonstrating the added value of PSG data. Analysis of Shapley additive explanations values highlighted important predictors: surgery duration, age, midazolam use, PSG-derived oxygen saturation nadir, periodic limb movement index, and REM episodes, demonstrating the relationship between sleep patterns and the risk of delirium. Conclusions: The artificial intelligence model integrates clinical and sleep variables and reliably identifies postoperative delirium, demonstrating that sleep-related factors contribute to its identification. Predicting patients at high risk of developing postoperative delirium and closely monitoring them could reduce the costs and complications associated with delirium.

A comparison of conventional and resampled personal reliability in detecting careless responding.

Detecting careless responding in survey data is important to ensure the credibility of study findings. Of several available detection methods, personal reliability (PR) is one of the best-performing indices. Curran, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 66, 4-19, (2016) proposed a resampled version of personal reliability (RPR). Compared to the conventional PR or even-odd consistency, in which just one set of scale halves is used, RPR is based on repeated calculation of PR across several randomly rearranged sets of scale halves. RPR should therefore be less affected than PR by random errors that may occur when a specific set of scale half pairings is used for the PR calculation. In theory, RPR should outperform PR, but it remains unclear whether it in fact does, and under what conditions the potential gain in detection accuracy is the most pronounced. We conducted two studies: a simulation study examined the performance of the conventional PR and RPR in detecting simulated careless responding, and a real data example study analyzed their performance when detecting human-generated careless responding. In both studies, RPR turned out to be a significantly better careless response indicator than PR. The results also revealed that using 25 resamples for the RPR computation is sufficient to obtain the expected gain in detection accuracy over the conventional PR. We therefore recommend using RPR instead of the conventional PR when screening questionnaire data for careless responding.

Deskercise: the impact of 10 minutes of exercise on mental and physical wellbeing in the construction industry

The benefit of physical exercise on disease prevention and mental health has been well documented, with current evidence indicating that just 10 minutes of exercise completed daily can reduce mortality by 15%. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) there are few areas in public health - such as physical activity - where evidence on required action is so convincing, cost effective and practical. The concept of a desk-based exercise initiative (Deskercise) may be a solution to address the burden of ill health and create positive and healthy environments in the workplace. This paper examines the impact of the Deskercise initiative on both mental and physical wellbeing within the construction industry, where there is a need for targeted interventions to address specific work-related stressors. The research was a mixed methods approach using interviews and questionnaire data to analyse the benefits of participating in a daily Deskercise intervention. The results suggest that the role of the senior leadership team is critical to the success of this initiative. Consequently, Deskercise is a simple, time efficient, inclusive and effective wellbeing intervention; highlighting that physical health, mental health, alongside social wellbeing can all profit from a desk based initiative within the workplace.

Early-Life Diet Diversity and the Subsequent Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Findings From Two Scandinavian Birth Cohorts.

Diet diversity in early childhood promotes microbial diversity, influences the developing immune system, and has been linked to a reduced risk of immune-mediated diseases. This study aimed to determine the association between childhood diet diversity and later inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), for which data are limited. Questionnaire data from the population-based birth cohorts All Babies in Southeast Sweden (ABIS) and the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort (MoBa), including participants from Southeast Sweden and Norway, were used to estimate a diet diversity score at ages 1 and 3 years. This score represents the diversity of intakes across 5 food groups comprising 11 subgroups. A higher score signifies higher diet diversity. We used linked health registry data to identify IBD diagnoses up to the year 2021. Cox regression and random-effect models were used to estimate pooled hazard ratios (aHRs) adjusted for sociodemographics, breastfeeding, and early-life antibiotic use. Among 81 272 children with 1 304 325 person-years of follow-up, 307 developed IBD. Diet diversity at ages 1 and 3 years was in pooled analyses not associated with later IBD (per one-unit increase, aHR = 0.96 [95% CI = 0.81-1.14] and aHR = 0.96 [95% CI = 0.83-1.11]). In MoBa, but not ABIS, a higher diet diversity at 1 and 3 years of age was inversely associated with ulcerative colitis (UC) (per one-unit increase, aHR = 0.78 [95% CI = 0.66-0.94] and aHR = 0.78 [95% CI = 0.65-0.95]). Still, pooled aHRs for UC as well as Crohn's disease approximated one. In this prospective study of 2 Scandinavian birth cohorts, no association was observed between early-life diet diversity and the subsequent risk of IBD.

Evaluation of the usability and acceptability of the P-STEP® mobile app: feasibility study protocol

BackgroundThe new P-STEP® (Personalised Space Technology Exercise Platform) app is designed to bring together tailored exercise guidance and up-to-date air quality information. The app allows individuals to plan outdoor exercise walking routes while minimising their exposure to air pollution. Individuals with chronic long-term conditions, particularly respiratory and cardiovascular conditions, can use the app in order to minimise the risk of their symptoms being exacerbated by pollution, while still gaining the benefits of outdoor exercise.MethodsThis study will measure the usability and acceptability of the P-STEP® app. The study will take the form of a single-arm 12-week app pilot study based in Leicestershire, United Kingdom (UK). We will recruit a maximum of 380 participants from an existing cohort study to pilot the app for 12 weeks. Questionnaire data will be collected at three timepoints, baseline, 6 weeks and 12 weeks. The primary outcome is the System Usability Scale at 12 weeks. Secondary outcomes include the User Engagement Scale Short Form, SF-12, Recent Physical Activity Questionnaire (RPAQ), bespoke, app specific usability questions, and feasibility outcomes. Additional data collected includes participant demographic information, technology self-efficacy and adverse events. Weekly anonymised usage data from the app will also be collected by the app team and analysed separately to complement the questionnaire data.DiscussionThis study will help us better understand the feasibility and acceptability of using the P-STEP® in the community. The results will also help inform future studies.Ethics and disseminationThis study has received ethical approval from the South West Frenchay Research Ethics (23/SW/0060) Committee. There is no need for further approval from the Health Research Authority as the study is not taking place in the NHS. The ClinicalTrials.gov ID number is NCT05830318.

484 Exploring fear in client-owned dogs: Insights from behavioral testing, owner surveys, and biomarker validation

Abstract Since the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, pet professionals and owners have observed an increase in anxiety-related behaviors, including fearfulness, contributing to behavioral problems, reduction in pet and owner welfare, and increased rates of shelter relinquishment. The objectives of this study were to evaluate canine demographics and owner-identified fearfulness compared with fear-related behaviors during in-person behavior tests, with further verification using fear-related biomarkers. Client-owned dogs [n = 102; 25.3 ± 11.6 kg body weight (BW)] were included between 1 to 10 yr of age, of varying breeds, sex and neuter statuses, and home dynamics. Dogs had no known health issues, were not receiving medication, and were fed a standardized diet for 4 wk prior to testing. Owners provided information via a questionnaire regarding fear, anxiety, excitability, and separation behaviors, as well as information on the lifestyle and background of the dog. Behavior tests, which consisted of a novel human, novel object, and an open field test, were performed indoors in a constructed 3 x 3 m arena at the University of Guelph. Fecal samples were provided by owners and blood samples were collected immediately following the behavior assessment. Commercial ELISA kits were used to quantify fecal IgA, serum serotonin (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), then the 5-HIAA:5-HT ratio was calculated. Behavior tests were recorded on a GoPro camera, and behaviors were coded using BORIS. For preliminary analysis, owner questionnaire data relating to human-directed fear was separated into frequency of human-directed fear (HFF), intensity of human-directed fear (HFI), frequency of fear-related behaviors during grooming or veterinary visits (VHF), and intensity of fear-related behaviors during grooming or veterinary visits (VHI) section. Regression analyses were conducted using SAS, with outcomes derived from behavioral tests serving as dependent variables, and predictor variables encompassing sex, neuter status, age, BW, biomarker concentrations, and owner survey scores. Significance was determined at P ≤ 0.05 and trends at P ≤ 0.10. Preliminary data analysis using data from the novel human test of 50 dogs indicates that the duration of reduced body posture during the test was positively correlated with VHF (P = 0.0201) and VHI (P = 0.0226) scores, and negatively correlated with HIAA concentrations (P = 0.0134). The duration of the “side” ear position was also positively associated with HFF (P = 0.0219), HFI (P = 0.0471), and VHI (P = 0.0170) scores, with a trend observed in VHF (P = 0.0818) scores. Duration of time with ears pinned back was similarly associated with HFF (P = 0.0064), HFI (P = 0.0076), and VHI (0.0192) scores. These results suggest that behavior may be reliably predicted from owner-completed surveys and can be a valuable tool in gathering information for both professionals and the public. Further data analysis from the present study will be conducted to further understand the relationship between canine demographics, owner identified fear scores, physiological biomarkers and behavior testing results.

‘My research agenda may never recover’: pandemic work-life demands and obstacles to career advancement for faculty mothers

ABSTRACT Historically, university systems have maintained gender inequities that facilitate promotion and advancement for Caucasian men, while creating barriers to career advancement for women and marginalised groups. Significant obstacles have existed for faculty mothers who have attempted to fulfill responsibilities as both mother and worker, particularly amid the COVID-19 global pandemic. The purpose of this study is to explore how, during the health crisis, faculty mothers perceived their experiences to impact their research productivity. Based on demographic and open-ended questionnaire data from 134 study participants in the United States, the findings suggest that as supportive duties demanded participants’ prompt attention, research was pushed to the side, resulting in perceived threats to faculty mothers’ careers. Given the value many institutions place on publications in the hiring, tenure, and promotion process, decreased or stalled publications could result in career repercussions. Specifically, participants viewed losses in research productivity as hindering job mobility for adjuncts and instructors; creating barriers to tenure and promotion for tenure-track faculty; and stalling career advancement for tenured faculty.

Sex-specific chrono-nutritional patterns and association with body weight in a general population in Spain (GCAT study)

BackgroundAltered meal timing patterns can disrupt the circadian system and affect metabolism. Our aim was to describe sex-specific chrono-nutritional patterns, assess their association with body mass index (BMI) and investigate the role of sleep in this relationship.MethodsWe used the 2018 questionnaire data from the population-based Genomes for Life (GCAT) (n = 7074) cohort of adults aged 40–65 in Catalonia, Spain, for cross-sectional analysis and its follow-up questionnaire data in 2023 (n = 3128) for longitudinal analysis. We conducted multivariate linear regressions to explore the association between mutually adjusted meal-timing variables (time of first meal, number of eating occasions, nighttime fasting duration) and BMI, accounting for sleep duration and quality, and additional relevant confounders including adherence to a Mediterranean diet. Finally, cluster analysis was performed to identify chrono-nutritional patterns, separately for men and women, and sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics were compared across clusters and analyzed for associations with BMI.ResultsIn the cross-sectional analysis, a later time of first meal (β 1 h increase = 0.32, 95% CI 0.18, 0.47) and more eating occasions (only in women, β 1 more eating occasion = 0.25, 95% CI 0.00, 0.51) were associated with a higher BMI, while longer nighttime fasting duration with a lower BMI (β 1 h increase=-0.27, 95% CI -0.41, -0.13). These associations were particularly evident in premenopausal women. Longitudinal analyses corroborated the associations with time of first meal and nighttime fasting duration, particularly in men. Finally, we obtained 3 sex-specific clusters, that mostly differed in number of eating occasions and time of first meal. Clusters defined by a late first meal displayed lower education and higher unemployment in men, as well as higher BMI for both sexes. A clear “breakfast skipping” pattern was identified only in the smallest cluster in men.ConclusionsIn a population-based cohort of adults in Catalonia, we found that a later time of first meal was associated with higher BMI, while longer nighttime fasting duration associated with a lower BMI, both in cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses.

Gastrointestinal nematodes in German outdoor-reared pigs based on faecal egg count and next-generation sequencing nemabiome data

BackgroundThere is a higher risk for nematode infections associated with outdoor-reared pigs. Next to Ascaris suum, Oesophagostomum dentatum and Trichuris suis, there is the potential of infections with other nodular worm species, Hyostrongylus rubidus, Stongyloides ransomi and Metastrongylus spp. lungworms. Next-generation sequencing methods describing the nemabiome have not yet been established for porcine nematodes.MethodsFLOTAC was used for faecal egg counts of porcine gastrointestinal nematodes and lungworms in piglets, fatteners and adults individually. A nemabiome analyses based on ITS-2 gene region metabarcoding was used to differentiate strongyle species. Additionally, questionnaire data was analysed using mixed-effect regression to identify potential risk factors associated with parasite occurrences and egg shedding intensity.ResultsOn 15 of 17 farms nematode eggs were detected. Ascaris suum, strongyles and T. suis were detected on 82%, 70% and 35% of the 17 farms, respectively. Lungworms were detected on one out of four farms with access to pasture. Strongyloides ransomi was not detected. 32% (CI 28–36%), 27% (24–31%), 5% (4–7%) and 3% (0.9–8%) of the samples where tested positive for strongyles, A. suum, T. suis and lungworms, respectively. The nemabiome analysis revealed three different strongyle species, with O. dentatum being the most common (mean 93.9%), followed by O. quadrispinulatum (5.9%) and the hookworm Globocephalus urosubulatus (0.1%). The bivariate and multivariate risk factor analyses showed among others that cleaning once a week compared to twice a week increased the odds significantly for being infected with A. suum (OR 78.60) and strongyles (2077.59). Access to pasture was associated with higher odds for A. suum (43.83) and strongyles (14.21). Compared to shallow litter systems, deep litter and free range systems resulted in significant higher odds for strongyles (85.74, 215.59, respectively) and T. suis (200.33, 623.08).ConclusionsInfections with A. suum, O. dentatum, O. quadrispinulatum, T. suis, Metastrongylus spp. and G. urosubulatus are present in German outdoor-reared pigs. This is the first report of G. urosubulatus in domestic pigs in Europe. Metabarcoding based on the ITS-2 region is a suitable tool to analyse the porcine nemabiome. Furthermore, management practices have the potential of reducing the risk of parasite infections.

The Impact of Ethnic Identity on Language Attitudes

ABSTRACT Few studies have explored the relationship between ethnic identity and language attitudes in heritage language speakers. Via self-reported questionnaire data, the present study examined correlational and causal connections between ethnic identity and language attitudes in three generations of Israeli and American Mountain Jews. Native to the eastern Caucasus, Mountain Jews immigrated in the 1990s to Israel and the United States, bringing with them two heritage languages, Juhuri and Russian. The effect of ethnic identity on language attitudes emerged as strong for both Juhuri and Russian, but varied across countries, generations, languages, and types of attitudes. Strong correlations between ethnic identity and language attitudes were found for both heritage languages in Israel, but in the United States the connection between Russian and Mountain Jewish identity was lost across generations. Results are discussed in terms of previous research on heritage languages, identity and attitudes, and highlight the revival of ethnic identity among second-generation immigrants.

The influence of leadership on factors related to teachers in Islamic boarding schools

This study examines the influence of leadership on factors related to teachers in Islamic boarding schools. Being a multicultural country that boasts harmony and peaceful living, Indonesia supports educational policies related to its citizens’ beliefs in the form of Islamic boarding schools. While harboring a sizeable Muslim population, the Islamic boarding school (IBS) with an exceptional curriculum parallel with Islamic teaching, namely pesantren, is developed and led by Kyai, who has a role like principal in regular schools. As the school’s central figure, Kyai’s leadership will inevitably determine the teaching quality of its students. The current study aimed to understand the association between Kyai’s leadership style and teaching team-related factors, mediated by collaboration and a supportive school culture. Questionnaire data was collected from 85 teachers at an Islamic boarding school in the West Java Province of Indonesia. Hypotheses in the tested model were analyzed using the SEM-PLS method. We found that supportive school culture is not associated with distributive leadership. Distributed leadership lacks the mediating role of school culture, while instructional leadership positively impacts job satisfaction and personal confidence. Furthermore, the data suggests that both teacher cooperation and school culture have a negligible influence on the comprehensive framework. Based on those results, in Islamic Boarding Schools, it is important for Kyai to foster a nurturing school environment and promote collaboration among Asatidz (teachers) in their educational roles; these elements have been shown to significantly correlate with the Asatidz’s sense of job fulfillment and their confidence in their teaching abilities.

Which comes first? Comorbidity of depression and anxiety symptoms: A cross-lagged network analysis

Depression and anxiety significantly impact college students, leading to various negative outcomes. While numerous studies have investigated the relationship between these two conditions, their temporal sequence remains unresolved. Many previous studies have concentrated on broad latent variables, often neglecting the nuanced symptomatology perspective, which may offer deeper insight into the clinical characteristics of these disorders. In this study, we collected questionnaire data from a college in South China using a cluster random sampling method. Data collection occurred over two time points, with the first round completed in November 2022 and May 2023, with a six-month interval. A total of 689 participants successfully completed the questionnaires during both rounds. Employing cross-lagged network analysis from a symptom-focused perspective, this research examines the interactions and predictive relationships between symptoms of depression and anxiety. The findings identified key symptoms-specifically “Irritability”, “Guilty” and “Sad mood"- as critical bridging nodes of connection within the depression and anxiety symptom network. Our analysis revealed both bidirectional predictive relationships between certain symptoms nodes of depression and anxiety, as well as unidirectional ones. By highlighting these core nodes and their directional relationships, this study offers valuable insights that can inform targeted intervention and treatment strategies for enhancing mental health among college students.

Associations between disability type and untreated dental decay among community dwelling US adults.

Individuals with disabilities face elevated risks of adverse oral health outcomes compared with the general population, including worse periodontal health, increased edentulism, and untreated dental decay. Given the varied impacts of different disabilities on people's health and well-being, this study aims to investigate diverse associations between untreated decay and cognitive, physical, emotional, and sensory disabilities among US adults. This cross-sectional study analyzed questionnaire and clinical examination data on 7084 adults (≥20 years) from the 2015-18 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles. Sociodemographics, oral health behaviors, health conditions, and disability were all examined. The prevalence of tooth decay was calculated as the proportion of adults with untreated decay. Survey-weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to assess associations between disability and untreated decay. In general, untreated decay was more than twice as prevalent in individuals with three or more disabilities as in those without any disabilities (34.5% vs. 13.2%, p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, lack of functional dentition was the most significant predictor of untreated decay prevalence (adjusted odds ratio: 2.97, 95% CI: 2.37-3.72). Other significant factors were younger age (20-44), non-Hispanic black race or ethnicity, low-income status, having an underlying chronic condition, not having a past-year dental visit, symptomatic dental visits, and current tobacco use. No associations were found between disability type (cognitive, emotional, physical, and sensory) and untreated decay among community-dwelling US adults. Several health-related, social, and behavioral factors emerged as primary predictors of untreated decay. Further research is needed to explore disability types and dental caries determinants.

Interpersonal Violence Against Indigenous Sámi and Non-Sámi Populations in Arctic Sweden and the Mediating Effect of Historical Losses and Discrimination.

The prevalence of interpersonal violence has been reported at higher levels among Indigenous than non-Indigenous populations worldwide, but has not been thoroughly investigated among the Sámi population in Sweden. The aims of this study were to investigate: (1) the prevalence of emotional, physical, and sexual violence and violence by intimate partners, family members, acquaintances, and strangers among participants identifying as Sámi or Swedish, (2) whether reporting experiences of historical losses and discrimination mediated the anticipated association between identifying as Sámi and reporting experiences of violence, and (3) whether background characteristics were associated with reporting experiences of violence. Cross-sectional questionnaire data collected in 2021 for the "Health and Living conditions in Sápmi" study were used. All adults in an arctic region in Sweden were invited to participate (response rate: 41%). Respondents self-identifying as Sámi (n = 375; 24.7%) or Swedish (n = 1,144; 75.3%) were included in this study. Sámi respondents of both sexes more often reported violence by an acquaintance or stranger. Likewise, more Sámi than Swedish women reported family violence (16.4% vs. 9.2%), but there was no difference concerning intimate partner violence (13.3% vs. 15.4%). Mediation analyses revealed strong positive indirect effects of historical losses and discrimination on the different types of violence. Being female was the strongest predictor of reporting intimate partner violence, and younger age was associated with violence by all perpetrators except family members. In conclusion, interpersonal violence was more often reported by Sámi respondents, but the association was explained in full by experiences of historical losses and discrimination. The results underline the importance of a life-course and even intergenerational and historical perspectives when investigating interpersonal violence.

Policy-driven multidisciplinary primary care after stroke or Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA) improves survival – an observational target trial evaluation involving linked registry data

ObjectiveTo determine the effectiveness of government policies supporting coordinated multidisciplinary primary care (MDC) in improving long-term survival following stroke or Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA). ApproachWe used the target trial framework for observational data to assess the average population effect of primary care MDC policies. The cohort comprised patients from the Australian Stroke Clinical Registry (January 2012-June 2015) linked with (i) Australian Medicare claims to define exposures (MDC claims in the 6-18 months post-stroke); (ii) hospital, pharmaceutical and aged care datasets for additional covariates; (iii) National Death Registry for survival outcomes (19-30 months post-stroke). Level of impairment was classified by latent class analysis using EQ-5D-3L questionnaire data obtained 90-180 days post-stroke. Multilevel survival analysis with inverse probability treatment weights was applied. ResultsAmong 7,255 people with stroke (42% female, median age 71 years, 24% TIA, level of impairment: 39% minimal, 32% moderate, 29% severe), 29% had a Medicare claim for MDC (23% minimal, 31% moderate, 39% severe). Mortality was reduced in those receiving a claim (vs non-receipt) in the minimal (adjusted Hazard Ratio (aHR): 0.50, 95%CI:0.27, 0.91) and severe (aHR: 0.65, 95%CI:0.46, 0.91) impairment groups, but not the moderate impairment group (aHR: 1.31, 95%CI:0.86, 1.99). Group differences in allied health services claimed during MDC were observed: secondary prevention (14% minimal vs 10% severe impairment), rehabilitation (21% minimal vs 25% severe impairment). ImplicationsDrawing causal inferences from linked observational data demonstrated the population effectiveness of primary care MDC policies, in improving survival following stroke/TIA, with variation by impairment class.

AI Empowerment of Teachers' Blended Teaching Ability: An Empirical Analysis of the MATE Evaluation System

This study aims to explore the role of the MATE Multi-Assessment Teaching Evaluation System in empowering teachers' blended teaching abilities through AI. By analyzing questionnaire data from 20 teachers participating in the MATE teaching ability experiment using SPSS, the study evaluated the performance of the MATE system in teaching effectiveness, student engagement, and teacher improvement. The results showed that the MATE system positively impacted teachers' teaching abilities and students' learning experiences across multiple dimensions. This research provides data support for further optimization of the MATE system and empirical evidence for the application of AI technology in education.

The Influence of Effective Leadership and Organizational Culture on Productive Managerial Systems: Workload as a Moderation Test (Case Study: Educational Organization at XYZ Institute)

Competition for education at the tertiary level is very tight; this is due to various factors, including the freedom for state tertiary institutions to seek additional operational funds so that these institutions will increase the number of students, many new tertiary institutions being established in various regions and the development of knowledge groups. And interest in prospective new students. This requires a professional institutional management strategy and the right strategy to create a productive managerial system. This research aims to find indicators that strongly influence the formation of a productive managerial system from the independent variables, namely effective leadership and organizational culture, with workload as a moderating variable. The sample in this study was a population of 256 lecturers and educational staff, where the questionnaire data obtained was processed using PLS (Partial et al.). This research shows that effective leadership and organizational culture have a positive and significant influence on workload. The indicator that has the greatest contribution to the productive managerial system of effective leadership is how to achieve organizational goals effectively. An indicator of organizational culture that strongly influences the productivity of the managerial system is the support for the tasks given. Meanwhile, workload as an intervening variable can moderate well and act as a variable that strengthens the influence of effective leadership and organizational culture variables on the productive managerial system because it can minimize the work overload aspect.