Quality Of Questions Research Articles

PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM TERINTEGRASI BERBASIS IOT (INTERNET OF THINGS) UNTUK MONITORING DAN KONTROL KUALITAS AIR PADA BUDIDAYA TAMBAK UDANG DARATAN

Water quality is very important for the sustainability of a shrimp farm, starting from the quantity and quality of shrimp harvested is very influential on the good quality of the pond water. The water quality in question is parameters such as water turbidity, a lot or clean of dirt in the pool, a pH value that suits your needs and ammonia content in the pond which is usually produced from shrimp manure. This research designed a water quality monitoring and control tool in shrimp ponds that is integrated automatically through an IoT-based system (Internet of Things) using the thingspeak application as a server and telegram bots as controls. Based on the results of tests that have been carried out, the tool has been able to determine the quality of water correctly. The error percentage was 0.01% for turbidity sensors, 0.05% for TDS sensors, 0.01% for pH sensors and 0.12% for ammonia gas sensors. Based on the results of direct data collection on shrimp ponds for 6 hours, the average value of water turbidity was 3.06 NTU, the lowest was 1.07 NTU and the highest was 5.99 NTU, for the average value of TDS content was 170.98 ppm, 150.00 ppm was the lowest and 204.12 ppm was the highest, for the average pH content was 7.80, the lowest was 7.50 and the highest was 8.74, and the average value of ammonia content was 0.004 ppm, 0.0007 ppm is the lowest and 0.0113 is the highest.

Poster 147: Patient-Reported and Clinical Outcomes up to 2 Years after Primary Rotator Cuff Repair: Do We Need a 2-Year Follow-Up Visit?

Objectives: Rotator cuff tears (RCTs) are the number one cause of shoulder pain and are becoming increasingly common as the population ages. The increasing incidence of RCTs present a significant economic burden, with shoulder pain being the No. 1 cause of disability in the United States. Repair of RCTs, in return, result in a cumulative $3.4 billion savings annually in the United States. Historically, follow-up for rotator cuff repair (RCR) mirrors that of hip and knee arthroplasty, with minimum of 2-year outcomes reported in most peer-reviewed studies. Recent literature, however, demonstrates no significant increase in clinically significant improvement after 6 months regarding functional outcomes and patient-reported outcomes (PROs) such as American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder Score (ASES), visual analog scale (VAS), and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) scores among others. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate degradation of outcome improvement in patient-reported outcomes after 1-year follow-up of RCR. We hypothesize that there will be no clinically significant increase in Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) scores after 1 year postoperatively. The primary outcome of interest is change in SANE score over the 2-year episode of care. Methods: All patients that underwent primary RCR within a single health care system were eligible for inclusion in this study. Exclusion criteria included history of surgery on the affected shoulder, incomplete PROs at baseline, 1 year, or 2 years postoperatively, and concomitant fractures about the affected shoulder. Patient demographics, injury characteristics, and operative technical characteristics were obtained through review of the patients’ electronic medical records and operative reports. PROs included SANE, ASES, and VAS scores and were collected prospectively, then stored in a HIPAA-compliant database until reviewed retrospectively for this study. An anchor-based minimum clinically important difference (MCID) was calculated for the study cohort at 1 and 2 years postoperatively and was anchored on a 1-point increase in the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System global 10 quality of life question. The primary outcomes of interest are baseline (preoperative), 1-year, and 2-year SANE scores. Secondary outcomes of interest included rates of symptomatic retear, reoperation, and revision. Statistical analysis was performed with a statistical analysis software (Intellectus). Analyses included descriptive statistics, t tests, chi-square tests of independence, Fischer exact tests, and analyses of variance, as appropriate. Statistical significance was defined as an alpha value of p ≤ 0.05. Results: A total of 495 patients met criteria for inclusion in the study (Table 1). The average age of the study population was 61.5 ± 8.4 years old, and the average body mass index (BMI) was 29.9 ±5.5. Most patients were men (287, 58.0%). A total of 24 patients were under workers’ compensation. Other medical comorbidities of interest included diabetes (74, 15.0%), depression (85, 17.2%), anxiety (74, 15.0%), and rheumatoid arthritis (6, 1.2%). Just over half of patients had chronic tears as described by the surgeon in clinical notes or operative reports (259, 52.3%), and most patients had full-thickness tears documented in the operative report (402, 81.2%). The most common adjuvant procedures included subacromial decompression (SAD) (419, 84.6%), biceps tenodesis (211, 42.6%) and distal clavicle excision (DCE) (133, 26.9%). Baseline SANE scores for the study cohort averaged 40.8 ± 20.3 with a subsequent of 43.4 within the first year postoperatively, bringing the 1-year SANE average to 84.1 ± 196 (p < 0.001). After the 1-year follow-up, however, there was small but statistically significant change in SANE scores with the 2-year SANE scores averaging 87.5 ± 18.1, p < 0.001) (Figure 1). One-year anchor-based MCID for SANE was found to be 45.5, with 238 (48.1%) meeting this MCID. At 2-years, 213 patients (43.0%) met the MCID of 50.6. Conclusions: Over the 2-year episode of care following primary RCR, patients saw an overall increase in SANE of 46.8. Even after the 1-year follow-up, patients continued to see statistically significant increases in SANE scores; however, they did not see clinically significant increase in PROs, as demonstrated by fewer patients meeting the 2-year MCID compared with the 1-year MCID. [Figure: see text]

Identification of HOTS-Based Islamic Education Tests in Junior High Schools : an Approach Bloom's Taxonomy and Rasch Model

Background: Higher-Level Thinking Skills (HOTS) are thinking abilities that need not only the ability to remember, but also the ability to think creatively and critically. Research Objectives: This study identifies and analyzes the level of questions on the Islamic education Examination and analyzes the standardization of question items using the Rasch model technique. Methods: Mixed method for analyzing document data with 160 multiple-choice questions. A quantitative approach was utilized to assess the quality of standard questions based on 31 students' accessible answer data. The document data was examined logically utilizing Bloom's Taxonomy Theory. Meanwhile, the data from students' answers was evaluated using the Item Response Theory (IRT) 1-parameter logistic model, also known as the Rasch model Conclusions: The result shows that many PAI subject questions are still at the LOTS level. Meanwhile, in terms of the quality of the item test using the Rasch model approach, it was found that many items were still not fit, even though in general the reliability of the items was categorized as quite good.

Analyzing Test Performance of BSIT Students and Question Quality: A Study on Item Difficulty Index and Item Discrimination Index for Test Question Improvement

This study presents a comprehensive assessment of the test performance of Bachelor of Science in Information Technology (BSIT) students in the System Integration and Architecture (SIA) course, coupled with a meticulous examination of the quality of test questions, aiming to lay the groundwork for enhancing the assessment tool. Employing a cross-sectional research design, the study involved 200 fourth-year students enrolled in the course. The results illuminated a significant discrepancy in scores between upper and lower student cohorts, highlighting the necessity for targeted interventions, curriculum enhancements, and assessment refinements, particularly for those in the lower-performing group. Further examination of the item difficulty index of the assessment tool unveiled the need to fine-tune certain items to better suit a broader spectrum of students. Nevertheless, the majority of items were deemed adequately aligned with their respective difficulty levels. Additionally, an analysis of the item discrimination index identified 25 items suitable for retention, while 27 items warranted revision, and 3 items were suitable for removal, as per the analysis outcomes. These insights provide a valuable foundation for improving the assessment tool, thereby optimizing its capacity to evaluate students' acquired knowledge effectively. The study's novel contribution lies in its integration of both student performance assessment and evaluation of assessment tool quality within the BSIT program, offering actionable insights for improving educational outcomes. By identifying challenges faced by BSIT students and proposing targeted interventions, curriculum enhancements, and assessment refinements, the research advances our understanding of effective assessment practices. Furthermore, the detailed analysis of item difficulty and discrimination indices offers practical guidance for enhancing the reliability and validity of assessment tools in the BSIT program. Overall, this research contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing empirical evidence and actionable recommendations tailored to the needs of BSIT students, promoting educational quality and student success in Information Technology.

The Analysis of Quizizz as Formative Assessment Media in the Front Office Subject for Class XII AP 2 of SMK Singamandawa

This study aimed to analyze Quizizz as a formative assessment media for the Front Office subject for Class XII AP 2 at SMK Singamandawa. Based on observations, interviews, questionnaire distribution, and documentation of formative assessment results, Quizizz emerged as a very positive and successful assessment media. It facilitated student progress tracking, provided a fun learning experience, and aligned with learning objectives. Feedback from students and teachers highlighted the benefits of Quizizz in question quality, ease of use, efficiency, and effectiveness as a formative assessment media. Additionally, documentation of student formative assessment using Quizizz showed a good and consistent level of student achievement, even though there were challenges such as internet instability and browser compatibility. This study emphasized the suitability of Quizizz as a formative assessment media, especially for Front Office learning, and provided valuable insights for teachers who aimed to optimize formative assessment practices.

Analysis the quality of critical thinking and creativity questions in high school biology subjects with the Rasch model

A good instrument is an instrument that can measure students' abilities accurately. The research aims to analyze the quality of critical thinking and creativity items on water pollution material in terms of validity, reliability, and level of difficulty using the Rasch model. The research used a quantitative descriptive method involving biology learning experts and 173 class X high school students. The research was carried out in December 2023-January 2024. The data collection method used expert assessment sheets and critical thinking and creativity essay questions. Data were analyzed using the Rasch model assisted by Quest. The results showed that of the 10 critical thinking essay questions, 3 questions were invalid, while of the 8 creativity essay questions, 1 question was invalid based on the suitability of the INFIT MNSQ and OUTFIT T scores. The results of the reliability test with Cronbach’s alpha showed that the reliability value of the critical thinking instrument was 0.74 and creativity 0.79. Average difficulty level of questions with threshold values in the medium and difficult categories. Overall, the instrument was feasible and question items that did not fit the Rasch model were removed.

Hard drugs use and tooth wear: a scoping review.

This study aims to map evidence on the relationship between hard drug use and dental wear. The scoping review is guided by the question: What is the relationship between hard drug consumption and dental wear? Adhering to PRISMA-ScR guidelines, searches were conducted across PubMed, Embase, and four databases in March 2024. Inclusion criteria included studies investigating the association between hard drug use and dental wear, regardless of publication date or language. Data were presented through narrative exposition, tables, and a conceptual framework. Twenty-eight studies (four case-control, three cross-sectional, five case reports, and sixteen literature reviews) were included. Among case-control studies, 75% observed an association between drug use and dental erosion; however, no cross-sectional studies demonstrated this association. Despite questionable quality, reviews established connections between drug use and dental erosion. Studies aimed to elucidate potential causes for dental erosion. Analysis suggests a potential link between hard drug use and dental wear, though indirect. Factors like bruxism and reduced salivary pH may contribute to dental wear among drug users. Further investigation through primary studies exploring this relationship is necessary. Dentists should focus not only on clinical characteristics of dental wear but also on mediating factors such as bruxism and decreased salivary pH associated with drug use. This holistic approach allows for a deeper understanding of dental wear mechanisms, enabling targeted preventive and therapeutic interventions.

What makes a good scientific presentation on artificial intelligence in medical imaging?

PurposeAdequate communication of scientific findings is crucial to enhance knowledge transfer. This study aimed to determine the key features of a good scientific oral presentation on artificial intelligence (AI) in medical imaging. MethodsA total of 26 oral presentations dealing with original research on AI studies in medical imaging at the 2023 RSNA annual meeting were included and systematically assessed by three observers. The presentation quality of the research question, inclusion criteria, reference standard, method, results, clinical impact, presentation clarity, presenter engagement, and the presentation's quality of knowledge transfer were assessed using five-point Likert scales. The number of slides, the average number of words per slide, the number of interactive slides, the number of figures, and the number of tables were also determined for each presentation. Mixed-effects ordinal regression was used to assess the association between the above-mentioned variables and the quality of knowledge transfer of the presentation. ResultsA significant positive association was found between the quality of the presentation of the research question and the presentation's quality of knowledge transfer (odds ratio [OR]: 2.5, P = 0.005). The average number of words per slide was significantly negatively associated with the presentation's quality of knowledge transfer (OR: 0.9, P < 0.001). No other significant associations were found. ConclusionResearchers who orally present their scientific findings in the field of AI and medical imaging should pay attention to clearly communicating their research question and minimizing the number of words per slide to maximize the value of their presentation.

A Systematic Literature Review of Islamic Inheritance in Malaysia

The study aims to expand the existing body of knowledge by highlighting and summarising current studies on Islamic inheritance. Thus, this study presented a map of the research interest and determined primary issues to demonstrate current trends, future research directions, and theory development. A systematic literature review (SLR) approach was employed using the four-step reporting standard for the Systematic Evidence Syntheses (ROSES) review: research question formulation, systematic searching, quality assessment, and data extraction. A total of 33 screened articles between 2008 and 2022 were retrieved from two primary databases (Scopus and Emerald and one supporting database, Google Scholar). The factors were categorised into three primary themes: general, motives and preference studies, and determinant analysis. The themes were subsequently divided into seven sub-themes. Notably, most studies examined unclaimed asset issues based on the determinant analysis. This study offered useful insights into the current research interest regarding the subject. The issues and domains in the current study contribute new knowledge and theory development for future directions in the field. This study addressed empirical gaps and presents an excellent reference relevant for regulators, policymakers, and researchers in comprehending the issues and existing solutions in Islamic inheritance.

Rasch modeling approach to measure the quality of algebraic thinking questions for junior high school students

[Abstract]: Algebraic thinking skills include the ability to generalize based on ideas involving symbols, as well as the ability to represent and solve algebraic problems. This study aims to describe the quality of algebraic thinking questions on linear equation material using the Rasch model approach. Data were collected through six essay questions, where each question represents an indicator of students' algebraic thinking. The research subjects consisted of 37 8th grade students selected using the purposive sampling technique. The results of item analysis show that all questions fall into the valid category. Furthermore, the instrument demonstrates overall reliability with a score index of 0.81, placing it in the good category. Analysis of the difficulty level of the questions revealed that 2 items fell into the very difficult category, 1 item was difficult, 1 item was moderate, 1 item was easy, and 1 item was very easy. Overall, the developed algebraic thinking ability instrument meets Rasch modeling criteria and can effectively measure students' algebraic thinking ability. Teachers can utilize this instrument as an assessment tool to evaluate students' algebraic thinking skills in mathematics learning, particularly in linear equation material. [Abstrak]: Kemampuan berpikir aljabar mencakup kemampuan dalam melakukan generalisasi berdasarkan ide-ide yang melibatkan simbol-simbol serta kemampuan dalam merepresentasikan dan menyelesaikan masalah aljabar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kualitas soal berpikir aljabar pada materi persamaan linear menggunakan pendekatan model Rasch. Data dikumpulkan melalui 6 soal esai, di mana masing-masing soal mewakili indikator berpikir aljabar siswa. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 37 siswa kelas VIII yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil analisis item menunjukkan bahwa semua soal termasuk dalam kategori valid. Selain itu, instrumen secara keseluruhan menunjukkan reliabilitas dengan indeks skor sebesar 0,81 yang termasuk dalam kategori baik. Analisis tingkat kesulitan soal mengungkapkan bahwa 2 item masuk dalam kategori sangat sulit, 1 item sulit, 1 item sedang, 1 item mudah, dan 1 item sangat mudah. Secara keseluruhan, instrumen kemampuan berpikir aljabar yang dikembangkan memenuhi kriteria pemodelan Rasch dan dapat digunakan untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir aljabar siswa. Instrumen ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh guru sebagai alat penilaian untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan berpikir aljabar siswa pada pembelajaran matematika, khususnya materi persamaan linear.

Hydrogeochemical Evaluation of Groundwater Quality and Its Applicability for Various Purposes in the Drought-Prone Konso Zone, Rift Valley, Southern Ethiopia

The present study area, the Konso Zone, is in Rift Valley, Southern Ethiopia, and highly depends on rivers and groundwater for economic and social development. Water availability in this area faces multiple challenges, including scarcity, quality concerns, and seasonal variations. In the Rift Valley region, including the present study area, groundwater quality is particularly problematic due to high fluoride levels. Moreover, the high concentrations of total dissolved solids in Konso Zone groundwater pose challenges for industrial, agricultural, and drinking purposes. GIS-based spatial analysis techniques, hydrogeochemical analyses, and water quality indices were used in the current study. The evaluation of water quality involved the utilization of both groundwater quality and irrigation water quality indices. In the study area, the cations and anions exhibited a general trend with Na+ &gt; Mg2+ &gt; Ca2+ &gt; K+ &gt; Fe2+ and HCO3− &gt; Cl−, SO42− &gt; NO3− &gt; F−. Multiple water types were identified within the research area, including Na-HCO3, Ca-Na-HCO3, NaCl, and Ca-Mg/Cl, with Na-HCO3 being the most prevalent. The formation of the NaHCO3 water type is primarily attributed to ion exchange processes, with siliciclastic aquifers being linked to cation exchange in sodium bicarbonate groundwater. Total Dissolved Solids and SO42− contaminants significantly impact the water quality, resulting in deterioration. Gibbs’s figure indicates that 50% of the water samples were found where rocks were weathered, demonstrating the importance of water-rock interactions in groundwater composition. Water samples containing more fluoride than the WHO’s limit of 1.50 mg/L were deemed unsuitable for consumption. Regarding irrigation suitability, most water samples from the Konso area were acceptable, except for the sodium percentage in 66.6% of the samples, which was unsuitable for irrigation. There are 26.67% of samples that are of questionable quality, 66.67% that are deemed inappropriate, and 26.67% that are deemed unacceptable. These findings underscore the pressing need for comprehensive strategies and interventions to address water quality issues in the Konso Zone, emphasizing the critical importance of monitoring and managing groundwater resources to ensure sustainable and safe water access for various regional uses.

Mental health help-seeking intentions & coping strategies of Chinese international students in the United States

Background Chinese international students (CIS) in the United States may face unique mental health challenges that are often overlooked in discussions about mainstream college student needs. Objective This study aims to investigate the predictors of mental health (MH) professional help-seeking intentions among CIS at a large public Midwestern university, as well as the obstacles that hinder their use of professional MH services. Methods The study used quantitative and qualitative approaches to gather data on CIS’ help-seeking attitudes. Quantitative analysis focused on the association between specific factors and help-seeking intentions. Qualitative coding of open-ended questions provided additional insights into obstacles and suggestions for improving mental health support. Results The study identified several factors influencing the mental health help-seeking intentions of Chinese international students. Two primary negative predictors were a preference for emotional self-control and concerns about the questionable quality of treatment. Conversely, having previous experience with professional mental health services, both in China and the United States, was found to be a positive predictor of help-seeking intentions. Additionally, qualitative analysis of open-ended responses revealed further obstacles to seeking help and provided useful suggestions for enhancing mental health support for Chinese international students in college settings. Conclusions The study identifies key factors that influence CIS’ attitudes toward seeking professional mental health services. Understanding these factors can help in developing strategies to better support the mental health of CIS in college settings. Limitations Several limitations must be acknowledged in this study. The cross-sectional design limits the ability to draw causal inferences from the data. Additionally, the sample may not be fully representative of the broader population of Chinese international students, which may affect the generalizability of the findings. Self-reported data may also introduce response biases. Future research should consider longitudinal approaches and a more diverse sample to validate and expand on these findings.

Urgensi Pendidikan Pancasila Dalam Melawan Dampak Negatif Ideologi Transnasional

The Urgence of Pancasila Education in Against The Negative Impact of Transnational Ideology. Pancasila education is the part of National Education shich aims to improve the quality of human resources in Indonesia. The quality in question is a person who is full of responsibility which behaviour that reflects the implementation of Pancasila values in the life of nation and state. In practice, especiallu the next generation, it is increasingly expected and required to be able to anticipate changes related to the dynamics of culture, nation, state in international relations by thinking, acting, and behaving based on Pancasila. Reflecting on the advancement of technology today, the urgency of Pancasila education is increasingly visible with the rapid development of transnational ideology itself is widely discussed as a serious national threat. For this reason, the author conducted a study through a literature study of several references and legislation in order to find out more about the urgency of Pancasila education in countering the negative impacts of transnational ideology. Strengthening the values of Pancasila ideology through Pancasila education is a crucial thing that must be suceeded by all part of society.

Development of a Self-Report Measure of Prediction in Daily Life: The Prediction-Related Experiences Questionnaire.

Predictions are complex, multisensory, and dynamic processes involving real-time adjustments based on environmental inputs. Disruptions to prediction abilities have been proposed to underlie characteristics associated with autism. While there is substantial empirical literature related to prediction, the field lacks a self-assessment measure of prediction skills related to daily tasks. Such a measure would be useful to better understand the nature of day-to-day prediction-related activities and characterize these abilities in individuals who struggle with prediction. An interdisciplinary mixed-methods approach was utilized to develop and validate a self-report questionnaire of prediction skills for adults, the Prediction-Related Experiences Questionnaire (PRE-Q). Two rounds of online field testing were completed in samples of autistic and neurotypical (NT) adults. Qualitative feedback from a subset of these participants regarding question content and quality was integrated and Rasch modeling of the item responses was applied. The final PRE-Q includes 19 items across 3 domains (Sensory, Motor, Social), with evidence supporting the validity of the measure's 4-point response categories, internal structure, and relationship to other outcome measures associated with prediction. Consistent with models of prediction challenges in autism, autistic participants indicated more prediction-related difficulties than the NT group. This study provides evidence for the validity of a novel self-report questionnaire designed to measure the day-to-day prediction skills of autistic and non-autistic adults. Future research should focus on characterizing the relationship between the PRE-Q and lab-based measures of prediction, and understanding how the PRE-Q may be used to identify potential areas for clinical supports for individuals with prediction-related challenges.

Using technologies to evaluate response style in the competency crisis recommendations for evaluators

ABSTRACT It is possible that a portion of the competency crisis may be due to some defendants being misclassified as incompetent, secondary to evaluations of questionable thoroughness and quality, and perhaps over-reliance on interviews and lesser acquisition of collateral data. Meanwhile, a review of descriptive statistics suggests that, as criminal penalties have become increasingly harsh, requests for competency evaluations have proportionately increased. Thus, there is a risk that lengthy waiting lists, mounting time pressures, and attorney tactics may push evaluators in the direction of expediency, possibly at the expense of higher quality forensic work. Evaluators may therefore consider acquiring and perhaps more significantly relying upon relevant collateral informational sources, including police recorded interviews, jail recorded calls, social media content, and prior court records. While an evaluation of present mental state does not necessarily require significant background data, better use of technologies in an evaluation of competency may provide a more objective representation of competency-relevant, mental health-related history. So doing may help to solve a portion of the competency crisis that may be due to evaluations including inadequate collateral data. Best practice approaches, anecdotes, and limitations are presented.

Optimizing Arabic Language Assessment through Anates Analysis

This study evaluates the quality of Arabic Language questions in a Mid-Semester Summative Assessment using the Anates V4.0.9 program. Employing a descriptive quantitative approach, 20 multiple-choice questions were administered to 30 class 10 students at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Sidoarjo. Results indicate an 80% validity rate, with a reliability coefficient of 0.87, suggesting consistency. The questions demonstrate a medium level of difficulty and an 80% discriminating power, effectively distinguishing between students' understanding levels. These findings underscore the importance of rigorous assessment practices in Arabic Language education, aiding educators in enhancing assessment quality and improving student learning outcomes. Highligh: Assessment: Anates V4.0.9 Program for Arabic Language Questions Analysis. Student Understanding: 80% Question Discrimination Highlights Assessment Precision. Educational Insights: Enhancing Arabic Language Assessment for Optimal Learning Outcomes. keywoard: Arabic Language Assessment, Validity, Reliability, Difficulty Level, Distinguishing Power

Learner Competence Across Cognitive Levels In Undergraduate Medical Education: An Item Response Approach.

Objective: The current study endeavors to evaluate competence of learners using item response theory approach in undergraduate medical education. Methodology: The responses of the examinees from first professional year (MBBS) were evaluated for Anatomy discipline to gauge learner competence through knowledge, understanding and application in the subject using item response theory approach (IRT) which is an effective tool to measure the validity (discrimination and difficulty index) of assessment, while KR-20 is used to gauge reliability of the items with statistical software STATA 17. The quality of question and level of examinee responses provide skill level and competence of learners. Results: The current study found that the C1 and C3 level items from the Anatomy discipline are mostly acceptable and effectively gauge learner competence while flawed C2 level items need complete restructuring. The study also identified weak areas of average learner for items in each cognitive level. Conclusion: The study found significant role of IRT in effectively estimating competence of the examinees across cognitive levels for each discipline and in building of an effective test pool through assessment of learner ability and construction of quality SBAs to achieve valid and reliable assessment tool. Keywords: Difficulty index; Discrimination index; Single best answer questions; Cognitive levels; Item characteristic curve.

An Overview on the Advancements of Support Vector Machine Models in Healthcare Applications: A Review

Support vector machines (SVMs) are well-known machine learning algorithms for classification and regression applications. In the healthcare domain, they have been used for a variety of tasks including diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of disease outcomes. This review is an extensive survey on the current state-of-the-art of SVMs developed and applied in the medical field over the years. Many variants of SVM-based approaches have been developed to enhance their generalisation capabilities. We illustrate the most interesting SVM-based models that have been developed and applied in healthcare to improve performance metrics on benchmark datasets, including hybrid classification methods that combine, for instance, optimization algorithms with SVMs. We even report interesting results found in medical applications related to real-world data. Several issues around SVMs, such as selection of hyperparameters and learning from data of questionable quality, are discussed as well. The several variants developed and introduced over the years could be useful in designing new methods to improve performance in critical fields such as healthcare, where accuracy, specificity, and other metrics are crucial. Finally, current research trends and future directions are underlined.

Subjective benefits from wearing self-fitting over-the-counter hearing aids in the real world.

In 2022, the US Food and Drug Administration enacted final regulations to establish the category of over-the-counter (OTC) hearing aids aimed at reducing barriers to access hearing health care for individuals with self-perceived mild to moderate hearing loss. However, given the infancy of this device category, the effectiveness of OTC hearing aids in real-world environments is not yet well understood. To gain insights into the perceived benefit of self-fitting OTC hearing aids, a two-pronged investigation was conducted. In the primary investigation, 255 active users of a self-fitting OTC hearing aid were surveyed on their perceived benefit using an abridged form of the Satisfaction with Amplification in Daily Living (SADL) scale. The mean global (4.9) and subscale scores (Positive Effect (PE): 4.3; Negative Features (NF): 4.3; Personal Image (PI): 6.1) were within the range of those previously reported for users of prescription hearing aids. In the secondary investigation, 29 individuals with self-reported hearing impairment but no prior experience with the investigational self-fitting OTC hearing aids used the devices and reported their perceived benefit and satisfaction following short-term usage. For this prospective group, the global SADL (5.4) and subscale scores (PE: 4.8; NF: 4.9; PI: 6.5) following a minimum of 10 weeks of real-world use were also within the range of those previously reported for traditional hearing aid users. In addition, this prospective group was also asked quality of life questions which assessed psychological benefits of hearing aid use. Responses to these items suggest hearing aid related improvements in several areas spanning emotional health, relationships at home and at work, social life, participation in group activities, confidence and feelings about one's self, ability to communicate effectively, and romance. Converging data from these investigations suggest that self-fitting OTC hearing aids can potentially provide their intended users with a level of subjective benefit comparable to what prescription hearing aid users might experience.

Visualization of the Values of the AL Anwar Islamic Boarding School to Improve the Personal Qualities of Santri

The Industrial Revolution has changed the values of Islamic Boarding Schools which have begun to fade among students as the nation's next generation. Santri are more busy with their social media than living socially with the community in teaching and exemplifying the characteristic educational values they receive at Islamic boarding schools. In fact, the values of Islamic boarding school education have not been a reflection of improving the quality of students in society. The theory used in this research to instill Islamic boarding school values in students is visualization through documentary videos as a learning medium, so that students can easily access and remember them in everyday life. The results of this research show that there is a change in the behavior of santri in an effort to improve personal quality, namely that the santri are more motivated to learn and are happy to do good as a reflection of the santri as role models for their community. The improvement in personal quality in question is related to increasing the moral quality and knowledge of students. The true philosophy of santri is the continuation of the struggle of teachers and ulama' to guide society in religious knowledge and face increasingly competitive life