Framing Questions Research Articles

The nature and origins of social venture mission: An exploratory study of political ideology and moral foundations

Although organizational mission is central to social venturing, little is known about the nature and origins of social ventures' missions. In particular, the field lacks a framework for understanding the moral content of nascent ventures' “prosocial” missions that rely on quite different—and potentially conflicting—moral values. We engage in an exploratory study, drawing on moral foundations theory and upper echelons theory to develop framing questions related to the moral discourse in social venture missions and the role of founders' political ideology in relation to this moral discourse. We construct a novel dataset using computer-aided text analysis on the mission statements of over 50,000 nascent nonprofit ventures in the United States, supplemented by voter registration data from 17 states and Washington, D.C. Our findings reveal rich nuance in the moral discourse found in organizations' mission statements. Furthermore, founding teams' political ideologies are strongly associated with the moral discourse in their social ventures' stated missions—and in ways that differ intriguingly from findings in moral psychology at the individual level. We draw on these new insights to develop a roadmap for future research on organizational mission in relation to social venturing, moral markets, mission drift, and political ideology.

Willingness to pay for harvest regulations and catch outcomes in recreational fisheries: A stated preference study of German cod anglers

Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is one of the most important target species of marine recreational anglers in the western Baltic Sea, but the stock is collapsed, and regulations of both commercial and recreational fisheries have recently tightened. To analyze the preferences of anglers for harvest regulations and catch outcomes in the western Baltic recreational cod fishery, we developed four different choice experiments, which were embedded in a large online survey of 1795 German marine anglers. The different choice experiments were used to investigate the consistency of anglers’ preferences in different choice contexts and with varying payment vehicles. We additionally assessed preferences for harvest regulations with opinion-type questions where no obvious trade-offs were involved in the question framing. Our study shows that German cod anglers received benefits from catching and harvesting cod, catching species other than cod, and catching cod as large as possible. There was no utility associated with catching and releasing cod, indicating the highly consumptive nature of this fishery. Anglers preferred stricter quotas of the commercial cod fishery and stricter length-based harvest limits for the recreational fishery compared to the current management. Preferences for the specific configuration of the daily bag limit varied depending on the choice treatment, but a reduction to a daily bag limit of two cod per day and angler consistently resulted in a significant reduction in the willingness to pay. Therefore, the recent collapse of the western Baltic cod stock, lower harvest prospects, and the recent reduction of the bag limit to one cod per day have caused a substantial welfare loss for German cod anglers.

Storied Past, Bright Future: A Provenance Jam Session

AbstractThis panel will explore provenance of the past, present, and future in information science and technology, as both a concept and professional and intellectual value. The OED defines “provenance” as origin, source, ownership of an artwork, or guidance to determine authenticity. Provenance today is not limited to history domains. It can be used to describe what did happen (retrospective provenance), what will happen (prospective provenance), and what could happen (subjunctive provenance). Provenance transcends disciplines, and this panel is intended for anyone who is interested in the world of provenance. Perhaps echoing life in general, provenance is more about the journey than the destination. The goal of the panel is not to find an authoritative answer to why we choose one method or theory of provenance over another. Rather, this “jam session” will empower participants‐ panelists, moderators, and audiences alike‐ to frame and answer provenance questions for their own work.

Finite Element Modeling of Dynamic Properties of the Delta Robot with Base Frame.

The paper presents the finite element modeling of the dynamic properties of a delta robot attached to a steel frame. A distinguishing feature of the proposed modeling method is the application of the Guyan reduction method in modeling of frame foundations. The frame in question was analyzed in two variants: (i) without attached robot and (ii) with attached robot. Based on the established model, the dynamic properties (i.e., natural frequencies, mode shapes, and frequency response functions) of the frame in the two variants were analyzed. The obtained results were then experimentally verified and validated. It was found that the developed model showed an average relative error for natural frequencies of 4.3% in the case of the frame and 5.6% in the case of the frame with the robot. The paper demonstrated the validity of the proposed model, allowing accurate and fast determination of robotic system dynamic properties.

Student’s Speaking Problems in Online Learning: A Systematic Research Review

This study used a systematic review, namely the research process by identifying previous research. Furthermore, this research applies a systematic analysis method that identifies the literature available on Google Scholar. This method has been used to produce original research as well as help researchers to critically analyze, evaluate and synthesize complex ideas. The five phases of systematic literature review are: 1) Framing questions for review 2) Relevant work 3) Assessing study quality 4) Summarizing the evidence 5) Interpret findings. From the results of the review a description it can be understood that there are student problems; they first have difficulty in terms of grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation. However, they also have problems in their psychology in learning speaking. Regarding online learning reviews, online learning is one of the alternative solutions for the learning process, including for students and teachers, during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although it raises some problems, for teachers and students, all parties must be ready to implement it. So that online learning has positive and negative impacts.

“We felt that electricity”: writing‐as‐becoming in a high school writing class

AbstractDrawing from data generated in a high school creative writing class, this article presents experiences and moments from a classroom‐sited research project that were considered through the theoretical perspective of response‐able pedagogies. Using postqualitative methods, this analysis addresses two framing questions: How does turning attention towards the unfolding relations in a writing class illuminate some possibilities of response‐able pedagogies? What becomes possible when the teaching of writing emphasises ‘becoming’ (rather than products/achievement)? In response to the first question, turning attention towards the unfolding relations in the class context made new ways of conceptualising writing possible: writing as following energies; writing as making; and writing as producing/traversing boundaries. Considered together, these interwoven practices contributed to the response‐able pedagogy of writing‐as‐becoming. In response to question two, the response‐able pedagogy of writing‐as‐becoming shifted the teaching emphasis from controlled outcomes to the affective experience of connection. This study shows the potential in reconsidering our commitment to teaching writing as (only) a process and to (also) imagine it as a means by which students can experience the vitality and joy of being present with others.

Leading from within: shaping a resident-driven leadership curriculum for surgical trainees using a qualitative needs assessment

Although leadership competency is a requirement of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education, few surgical residency programs have successfully implemented structured leadership training founded on trainees’ learning needs and experiences. We modeled a qualitative needs assessment to explore surgical trainee attitudes and perceptions regarding leadership and dedicated leadership training within surgical residency to inform development of a future leadership curriculum for trainees. Fifteen general surgery residents voluntarily participated in focus groups divided into two sessions of mixed trainee level to explore leadership definitions, leadership experiences and challenges, and curriculum preferences. Transcripts were inductively coded and categorized through consensus discussions from which representative themes were drawn. Six major themes were identified through thematic analysis and organized within the following framing questions: how do residents define surgeon leadership, why is dedicated leadership training important to residents, and how should we approach leadership training for residents? Six themes emerged including (1) contextualization of surgeon leadership; (2) characteristics, skills, and styles of surgeon leaders; (3) impact on team dynamics and outcomes; (4) relevance within surgical hierarchy; (5) learner-centered strategies and implementation; and (6) need for feedback and evaluation. Surgery residents defined the need for dedicated leadership training to promote career advancement within academic surgery as well as to impact clinical team dynamics and outcomes. Skills and styles required of surgeon leaders are varied and best promoted through self-reflection, peer discussion, and feedback strategies at all trainee levels. These results will be used to guide leadership curriculum development, and the approach can serve as a model for other programs.

Domestic Affairs

Abstract How do protests and security regimes engage each other on the question of difference? This question frames this essay's ethnographic portrayal of the expression of dissent and political claims in a borderland site of national security and the Indian security state's management of such dissent to reinforce its legitimacy as a liberal democracy. Border residents in eastern India, predominantly Muslim or depressed caste, are minority citizens. By closely reading the terms through which they articulate their claims and humiliations and how they are rendered suspect, subordinated, and othered from fulsome democratic rights and citizenship, this essay offers a portrait of the slow violence of affective rule in a place of “no conflict.” Turning away from spectacular instances of militarism and state violence, this essay illuminates the affective force of militarization whose goal is to disable critique and segment minority citizens into subordinated inclusion. It asks how collective political action might be heard and endure in such constrained conditions. This specific locus is instructive for the logic of contradistinction as a mode of security rule more widely. It demonstrates that the intersection of gender and religious identity is not a “dimension” of contemporary national security regimes but must be seen as foundational to their constitution and legitimacy.

Perspectives of two college students labeled with intellectual disability: Supports during the moving in and through stages of transition

An increasing number of students labeled with intellectual disability are attending colleges and universities. Yet, their perspectives are underrepresented in the research. Grounded in Disability Studies in Education and Schlossberg's Transition Theory, this study reports on the transitional experiences of two emerging adults labeled with intellectual disability at a large public university with a particular focus on how the participants conceptualized their support systems during the moving in and through stages of transition to university. Three themes are discussed: supports the students brought with them to the university, reciprocal supports with peer mentors, and university-provided supports. As such, the findings contribute to and expand existing scholarship dedicated to the experiences of emerging adults labeled with intellectual disability at postsecondary institutions. Aligning with the research question and blended theoretical framing, implications for practice and research are discussed.

An Exploratory Study on the Nature and Origins of Social Venture Mission

Mission is central to social venturing, but little is known about the nature and origins of social venture mission. The field lacks a theoretical framework for understanding the moral content of “prosocial” missions that rely on quite different—and potentially conflicting—moral values. We engage in an exploratory quantitative study, wherein we draw on moral foundations theory and social identity theory to develop framing questions related to the moral discourse in social venture missions and the role of founders’ partisan identities in infusing these missions with moral values. We construct a novel dataset by performing computer-aided text analysis on the mission statements of over 50,000 nascent nonprofit ventures in the United States and matching founding team members to voter registration data. We find that moral foundations are frequently espoused in mission statements. We also find that the partisan political identity of the founding team is strongly associated with differences in the moral discourse in social ventures’ stated missions in ways that intriguingly differ from prior work relating moral foundations to political beliefs. Our work contributes to social entrepreneurship research by offering a new way of looking at social venture mission, a road map for future empirical studies, and practical and policy implications.

An exploration of the antecedent to increase society’s use of predictive models: Trust in science or predictive models

Research has resulted in profound societal changes, impacting lives and health worldwide. As a result, the public esteems researchers and funds further research. This critical societal process is obstructed if society chooses not to implement research results. Much of this research is the result of predictive models. This study will characterize the antecedents and impact of framing on trust in predictive modeling. Prior research focused on trust in science. There is evidence that there is no commonly understood definition of science. Trust in predictive modeling is a more appropriate area of study. This study contextualized the antecedents from trust in science research to trust in predictive modeling. A new construct was developed,and three trust-in-science constructs contextualized to fit the trust in predictive models were useful. This research surveyed 207 students. The framing questions used were divided into two categories, one that many people are familiar with (GPS automobile routing) and one that they were less familiar with (COVID-19 infection prediction models), where COVID modeling is embroiled in controversy. The political influence construct did not impact questions framed by a familiar noncontroversial example, but the COVID-framed questions were impacted. Through the use of predictive models, this research provides a novel approach to the field of study. It discovers four antecedents to trust in predictive models (conspiracy ideation, intellectual curiosity, self-efficacy, and political influence) and provides a new construct for framing questions (political influence).

Ecumenism to Ontology: Stoker’s Theology of the Host

Abstract Bram Stoker’s novel Dracula is replete with religious symbolism, from devotional objects to sacred imagery. Despite the novel’s theological richness, little has been written on Stoker’s theology, and most criticism has focused on interpreting the novel as an affirmation of either Anglicanism or Catholicism. Building on Alison Milbank’s argument in God and the Gothic, this essay shows how Stoker’s theology eschews the boundaries of rigid dogmatism, seeking instead an ecumenical and eccentric theology. It is through such theological exploration, I argue, that the novel discovers and frames questions of ontological hierarchy. Stoker’s use of the Host, in particular, enables him to engage with sacramental presence, and to subvert tropes associated with the Gothic in a manner which plunges the novel into a mode of free theological exploration grounded in the physicality of both sinfulness and grace. Focusing on the implications of the Host in the novel, this article provides an in-depth analysis of theological meaning, showing how the novel’s premise refuses to fit into any particular doctrinal framework, and demonstrates that what lies at the core of Stoker’s vision is an ontological system which reaffirms divine primacy over the human.

Methodologies of law as performance

ABSTRACT Despite the growth in scholarship in the broad field of law as performance, there is little critical attention paid to methodologies of research. With attention to the growing research in this field, this paper shall consider methodological approaches to law as performance. This paper considers how traditional qualitative methodologies, such as ethnographic observations, case studies and comparative analysis, are used in law as performance studies. The paper then goes on to consider different methodologies, such as narrative, story-telling and also performance- or practice-led research, which position the legal researcher as practitioner and are under-utilized within legal research. There are difficulties posed by these new methodologies, including framing research questions, demonstrating generalizable claims, and dealing with the subjectivity of analysis. The paper considers how performance practitioners have overcome these difficulties to create performance-led research that yields new understandings, and how these approaches could be brought to bear on the performance of law.

On (Not) “Humanizing” Muslims: Challenge and Opportunity in an Oral History Project with American Muslims

ABSTRACT This article focuses on an award-winning oral history project with American Muslims in a small Midwestern city. It addresses the challenge and opportunity of oral history at a time of Islamophobic rhetoric and threats to Muslims’ status as Americans. The article first examines critiques of the premise that Muslims must be “humanized.” In turn, it draws on the philosopher Jill Stauffer’s work, Ethical Loneliness: The Injustice of Not Being Heard, to argue that oral history offers a form of “reparative” hearing. In this way, oral history can aid in transforming a sense of “ethical loneliness” in those who are treated unjustly and dehumanized, and whose experience is not heard. The article explores these themes through the Muslims in Muncie oral history and documentary film project carried out by eleven students at Ball State University in 2018. The article argues that a commitment to trust, sustained conversational relationships, and careful framing of questions fostered a transformative experience for both narrators and interviewers in response to a problematic humanizing agenda. The project’s contribution to ethical repair continues, moreover, through a publicly accessible digital archive that adds to the handful of oral histories with American Muslims. The twenty-two interviews and hour-long film also enrich Middletown Studies, a field dating to the 1920s research of Robert and Helen Lynd on Muncie, Indiana, as a “representative” American city.

A New Comprehensive Methodology for Evaluation of Course Outcomes and Programme Outcomes

Abstract : Course Outcomes (CO) and Programme Outcomes (PO) are the backbone of Outcome Based Education (OBE) and their evaluation using a definite established methodology is necessary to track the progress and effective implementation of OBE. The CO, Course and PO attainment levels determine the extent to which the skill/abilities as envisaged vide POs are imbibed by the students. The CO, Course and PO attainment also provide an insight for corrective actions. A new method for determination of CO, Course and PO attainment level is presented in this paper. The method is comprehensive and unique as it takes into consideration the varying weightage of each course component such as Continuous Evaluation (CE), Semester End Examination (SEE), and Laboratory and Practical Work (LPW). This not only ensures that all assessment components are covered but it also has a provision to take into account the effect of multiplemapping. This allows a teacher the flexibility to frame questions which can map with multiple COs. The proposed method gives individual as well as class attainment levels of the Course and the COs, thus allowing a more focused root cause analysis and corrective actions. The method also allows for calculation of the PO attainment level based on the CO and Course attainment level and the Program Articulation Matrix. The criteria for deciding the actions based on the PO and CO assessment levels are also presented. Keywords: Accreditation; Course outcome; Direct attainment; Outcome based education; Program outcome

Evidence-Based Practice in the Field of Nutrition: A Systematic Review of Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes, Behaviors and Teaching Strategies

ObjectivesEvidence-based practice (EBP) has been embraced and supported in medicine and several allied health professions for over a decade. We conducted a comprehensive review of the literature to explore EBP competencies and teaching strategies within the nutrition field. MethodsFive databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, ERIC, Cochrane, CINAHL) were systematically searched for observational and experimental studies from inception to August 2021. Eligible studies had to document EBP competencies or teaching strategies to improve EBP competencies among nutrition students and professionals. Competencies were categorized as: i) framing answerable questions, ii) searching literature for best evidence, iii) assessing study quality and/or risk of bias (RoB), iv) interpreting the importance of results, v) interpreting certainty of evidence, vi) applying results based on client values and preferences, vii) evaluating clinical performance. Currently, two reviewers are independently screening, abstracting data, and assessing RoB. ResultsWe screened 1006 initial articles to find 9 eligible studies. Six cross-sectional surveys discussed EBP competencies among registered dietitians (RD) and dietetic interns, while 1 randomized trial and 2 before and after studies evaluated the effectiveness of teaching strategies among RDs and undergraduate students. Studies assessed 2 to 5 EBP competencies using heterogeneous methods that were often unclear. Participants generally scored low with respect to knowledge and skills across the competencies assessed. For instance, the largest study, a survey of RDs from the American Dietetic Association reported that among 258 participants, 64% never attended an EBP lecture, 45% never received formal training in RoB, and 31% did not understand 95% Confidence Intervals. Among teaching strategies, journal clubs improved EBP competencies the most, including framing answerable questions, searching literature, assessing RoB, and applying study results. Full results forthcoming. ConclusionsPreliminary results indicate that few nutrition students or professionals have adequate EBP competencies, including skills in RoB assessment and interpreting the importance of study results. Regular journal clubs are an effective way to teach most competencies in EBP. Funding SourcesTexas A&M Presidential Transformational Teaching Grant.

How to Ask the Right Question and Find the Right Answer: Clinical Research for Transplant Nephrologists.

Clinical research is about asking and answering questions. Before solutions relevant to clinical problems can be sought, clinicians must frame questions in ways that are answerable using the methods of clinical research. Different types of questions are best answered using specific study designs. Each design has inherent strengths and limitations. In this review article, we provide an approach to asking answerable clinical research questions, review the major study designs, describe their strengths and weaknesses, and link the study designs to their intended purposes.

Using Smart Speaker Technology for Health and Well-being in an Older Adult Population: Pre-Post Feasibility Study.

BackgroundAlthough smart speaker technology is poised to help improve the health and well-being of older adults by offering services such as music, medication reminders, and connection to others, more research is needed to determine how older adults from lower socioeconomic position (SEP) accept and use this technology.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using smart speakers to improve the health and well-being of low-SEP older adults.MethodsA total of 39 adults aged between 65 and 85 years who lived in a subsidized housing community were recruited to participate in a 3-month study. The participants had a smart speaker at their home and were given a brief orientation on its use. Over the course of the study, participants were given weekly check-in calls to help assist with any problems and newsletters with tips on how to use the speaker. Participants received a pretest and posttest to gauge comfort with technology, well-being, and perceptions and use of the speaker. The study staff also maintained detailed process notes of interactions with the participants over the course of the study, including a log of all issues reported.ResultsAt the end of the study period, 38% (15/39) of the participants indicated using the speaker daily, and 38% (15/39) of the participants reported using it several times per week. In addition, 72% (28/39) of the participants indicated that they wanted to continue using the speaker after the end of the study. Most participants (24/39, 62%) indicated that the speaker was useful, and approximately half of the participants felt that the speaker gave them another voice to talk to (19/39, 49%) and connected them with the outside world (18/39, 46%). Although common uses were using the speaker for weather, music, and news, fewer participants reported using it for health-related questions. Despite the initial challenges participants experienced with framing questions to the speaker, additional explanations by the study staff addressed these issues in the early weeks of the study.ConclusionsThe results of this study indicate that there is promise for smart speaker technology for low-SEP older adults, particularly to connect them to music, news, and reminders. Future studies will need to provide more upfront training on query formation as well as develop and promote more specific options for older adults, particularly in the area of health and well-being.

Mediale Inszenierung geteilter Autor*innenschaften: Pauline Viardot-Garcìas Rollenporträts als Orphée (Paris, Disdéri, 1859)

AbstractThe methodology and subject matter of this essay venture into the disciplinary borderlands of musicology. Taking Disdéri’s carte-de-visite portraits of the singer Pauline Viardot-Garcìa as a starting point, it attempts to broaden the notion of of the author for a historical period that quintessentially stood for the establishment of the concept of genius and thus for a definition and limitation of authorship as individual and singular. The article combines an interdisciplinary approach by considering image and media theory, theories of art and its practices, alongside historical musicological methods. Its theoretical perspective is situated at the intersection of performativity and media theory via the concepts of the ›messenger figure‹ (Botenfigur) and the ›reading of traces‹ (Spurenlesen) both according to Krämer, thus opening up a historical resonance space for contemporary music practices. As a consequence, the re-perspectivization goes beyond the basic understanding that multiple authorships are at work in every form of sounding music. Instead, it fixes diverse facets of the term authorship on a concrete example and reframes them methodologically. Thus, as a basis for a systematic generalization in music research, a model is proposed that makes medial transitions in performatively negotiated authorships describable, categorizable, and at the same time historicizable. With these interdisciplinary concerns in mind, Viardot-Garcìa’s photographic portraits in her role as Orphée in Gluck’s opera of the same name from 1859 appear to have been instrumentalized in a multilayered representational way: as images standing for a performance, as a photographic image reminiscent of a painting, as a depiction of classical Greek costume that takes on meaning for the present, as the visual standing in for the acoustic, as a depiction of a female singer embodying a man, and finally also of a title role standing in for an opera as a whole. How exactly these relations of representation are to be grasped – both in the French Gluck opera revival and in the photographic images discussed – has not yet been explored in depth. To attempt to entangle all these meanings is not motivated by trying to identify the ›actual‹ portions of the musical adaptations made by different persons to Gluck’s opera in the course of its 1859 revivals. Rather, this new perspective on the carte-de-visite photographs is intended to outline Viardot-Garcìa’s figure with the help of the numerous functions the singer assumed in the production. The essay thus looks at a blind spot that is still dominant in music research, namely the question of the methodological framing of performative authorship in historical perspective. It questions the critical concepts of ›messenger figure‹ and of the ›reading of traces‹ not only for their suitability to grasp the basic questions of the example dealt with in the text, but also for their potential for generalization.

Content-Based Video Retrieval Based on Multifaceted Feature Extraction Using Statistical Methods

For content-dependent video recovery, this paper proposes a multifaceted feature extraction approach based on color string extraction, local texture characteristics, and amount of Absolute Difference, which extracts the features such as color components , texture components, and motion behavior. The color string function is derived using the string duration count, and the color histogram approach is used for detecting scene shifts. Based on scene shift recognition, the key-frames are retrieved. Based on the color string and local texture functions, the color and texture characteristics are derived from the key-frame. The Amount of Absolute Difference is measured, and the motion function of a video is derived using it. To compare the function vectors of the question and main frames of the video to be recovered, the Jeffrey's Divergence measure is implemented. The suggested approach has the greatest capture of both spatial and temporal aspects, and the recovery efficiency is increased by utilizing multifaceted features. The system suggested outperforms the current approaches.