Queen In Scotland Research Articles

Peter Brunt: gastroenterologist, physician to the Queen in Scotland, and ordained priest

Peter Brunt: gastroenterologist, physician to the Queen in Scotland, and ordained priest

Hearing Historic Scotland: Reflections on Recording in Virtually Reconstructed Acoustics

This article discusses the process and wider implications of a new project by The Binchois Consort that situates an entire CD recording in a virtually reconstructed acoustic. We believe our recording is the first complete commercial CD to reproduce virtually an acoustical experience of a particular space, place, and time: in our case, the chapel royal of Linlithgow palace as it stood at the beginning of the sixteenth century. Now a ruined shell, with no roof or windows, clinging to the side of the peel above Linlithgow Loch, Linlithgow palace was once the great pleasure palace of the kings and queens of Scotland and the birthplace of James V and Mary Queen of Scots. As a refuge for the royal family from the bustle of the capital, Edinburgh, and the main royal residence in Stirling, the building once resounded to music sung by the skilled musicians of the itinerant chapel royal, surrounded by magnificent decorations and sculptures. Almost none of this-the music or the building’s furnishings-survives. We seek to give an overview not only of our production process for the CD but also of the broader historical and aesthetic rationale for the project, as well as some thoughts on possible future ramifications. Some consideration of the broader project and, especially, of the creation of the Linlithgow chapel VR experience, is also given.

Image of Mary Stuart in Tragedies of C. H. Spiess and F. Schiller

Features of the interpretation of events related to the life and death of the Queen of Scotland, Mary Stuart (1542-1587), in the works of the outstanding German playwright F. Schiller (1759-1805) and his contemporary, the famous writer Christian Heinrich Spiess (Spiess, 1755-1799) is considered. The originality in the image of the last days of Mary by C. H. Spiess and F. Schiller is emphasized. The question is raised about the various literary and aesthetic positions of both German writers. Attention is paid to the review of works in various genres and genres of art dedicated to Mary Stuart by Spiess and Schiller. First, an analysis of the work of the author, which is secondary in the framework of German and European literature, is presented, since Spiess wrote his tragedy many years before the great German playwright. It is shown that Schiller’s tragedy was written with a characteristic thirst for epic coverage of reality, while the stage play of Spiess is more focused on the events of the last days of Mary Stuart’s life and turns into a chamber work. The results of the study can be used when giving lecture courses on foreign literature of the XVIII-XXI centuries, special courses on the literature of Western European countries, on the problems of classical literature in Germany, as well as literature of the Western European Enlightenment and pre-romanticism.

On Magic, Time and Exchange: The Arts of Sophia of Mecklenburg‐Güstrow and Anna of Denmark‐Norway

This essay has two distinct if closely entwined threads. The first takes its cue from a pair of earrings commissioned by Anna of Denmark-Norway, Queen of Scotland and England. These are situated within certain dynastic traditions of patronage that Anna acquired primarily from her mother, Sophia of Mecklenburg-Gustrow. The second thread is more about method; it advocates the art-historical utility of magical thinking. Such thinking is helpful because it comes with a productive and transgressive fluidity that makes it easier to incorporate equally fluid dimensions such as time and space into art-historical enquiry. Consequently, it becomes easier to understand what works of art actually do, how they operate by means of transformation. So magical thinking is particularly pertinent to this issue of 'Art History', focused, as it is, on the polity of Denmark with its considerable history of fluidity and longevity.

Reconsidering the Provenance of the Henry VII and Margaret Tudor Book of Hours

On 8 August 1503, Henry VII’s eldest daughter Margaret Tudor married James IV, King of Scotland, in a symbolic union of the Treaty of Perpetual Peace between England and Scotland. In celebration of this union and her new status as Queen of Scotland, Margaret received the gifts of two luxurious Books of Hours; one from her new husband and the other from her father. Whilst some research has been conducted into the iconography and origins of these personal prayer books, consideration of the provenance and ownership history of these Books of Hours can shed new light on the character, personal relationships, political relationships, and gift-giving practices performed by Margaret Tudor at the Scottish Renaissance court. Substantially more is known of the provenance of the Book of Hours commissioned by James IV (also known as the ‘Hours of James IV of Scotland’),1 and presented to Margaret as an opulent marriage gift in 1503. In folio 188 of the text, an inscription made in Margaret’s own hand helps us to trace later ownership of the text: ‘Madame I pray your grace / Remember on me when ye / loke upon this bok / Your lofing syster / Margaret’.2 From this inscription, we can infer that at some point following the death of her husband, James IV, in September 1513, Margaret passed the prayer book to her sister, Mary Tudor, who went on to marry the King of France. Historical accounts then note that by the late seventeenth century, the Book of Hours came into the possession of Pope Leopold I, and is now housed at the Austria National Library, Vienna.3

Elizabeth I and Her Circle. By Susan Doran.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. Pp. xx+398. $39.95.

<i>Elizabeth I and Her Circle</i>. By Susan Doran.Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2015. Pp. xx+398. $39.95.

Scotland’s Wee Dram of Independence

Scotland’s Wee Dram of Independence

“Ardebo igneo amore Tui”: De Coelestino Leuthnero O.S.B., Matris Dei amatore

&lt;em&gt;"In my fiery love for you I will burn": Coelestinus Leuthner OSB, the lover of the Mother of God&lt;/em&gt;. This article examines the Latin poems of the Benedictine monk Coelestinus (Cölestin) Leuthner (1695–1759), who taught Rhetoric at the gymnasiums of Freising and Salzburg. Those who read Leuthner will find that his poetry, for all its variety with regard to both genres (epigrams, odes and elegies) and subject matters (which are indeed many and diverse), creates a kind of red string leading – like an Ariadne’s thread – to Mary, the mother of Jesus. Poems in her honour are placed at the beginning of every single part of his collection of poems (Salzburg, no year), seemingly in order to render the various parts of the work coherent with each other. Through these opening poems the poet gradually ascends to the summit of his own affections for Mary. He starts by addressing Mary as the Lady of Sorrows, then turns to the Lady of Miracles and after that to the Refuge of Sinners, until he finally praises Mary Assumed into Heaven. According to the different literary genres Leuthner refers either directly or subtly and covertly to various Roman poets who are considered the foremost in their genres. Thus, in his epigrams, Leuthner alludes to Martial, in his odes, to Horace, in his elegies, to Propertius and Ovid. Furthermore, Leuthner considers the very name of Mary to contain something magnificent and gracious. This is something which the poet illustrates not only through one particular poem, in which he deals with three etymologies of her name, but also through examples taken from history, namely, Mary the sister of Lazarus and Mary Stuart, the catholic Queen of Scotland who suffered what Leuthner reckons to be a particularly memorable martyr’s death for her faith. When all these circumstances are taken into consideration, it becomes evident that this manifest love for Mary the Mother of God, whom the poet does not refrain from characterizing as “divine” and a “goddess”, actually constitutes Leuthner’s special way of taking up arms against the Lutherans, who used to abstain from the cult of the Immaculate Virgin and martyrs in general. Finally, in the examination of Leuthner’s poetry considerable importance should be ascribed to the Prince and Archbishop of Salzburg, who after all kept Leuthner on his payroll, and even more to the Royal House of Habsburg itself, with its efforts to keep reformed Christians away from its territories.

Sir William Mackenzie: sympathetic ophthalmia and glaucoma before ophthalmoscopy

One of the practitioners of probably the oldest surgical specialty, ophthalmic, was the eminent Scottish ophthalmologist, Sir William Mackenzie. Educated in Edinburgh, he moved to Glasgow, and described and named sympathetic ophthalmia before the time of the ophthalmoscope, well defining his powers of observation and deduction. Founding the Glasgow Eye Infirmary, his 'Practical Treatise on Diseases of the Eye' appeared in English in four editions (1850-1884) and in French and German. In this also appears the first full and clear account of glaucoma. Both he and the illustrator of his book, Wharton Jones, moved to Glasgow because of rather indefinite connections with Robert Knox, the anatomist, who was allegedly helped by the bodysnatchers, Burke and Hare. Mackenzie and his book were highly regarded before the revolutionary ophthalmoscope. He was knighted and appointed Surgeon Oculist to the Queen in Scotland.

'Unionist Nationalism' in the Eighteenth Century: William Robertson and James Anderson (1662-1728)

Unionist Nationalism in the Eighteenth Century:William Robertson and James Anderson (1662-1728) Alexander Du Toit With the exception of David Allan and Mary Fearnley-Sander, no authorities have seriously considered Robertson as heir to an earlier Scottish tradition of historiography.1 The usual views tend to emphasise either a strong English influence suitable for post-Union 'British' Scotland or a powerful connection with the ideas of philosophes like Voltaire or Montesquieu.2 In particular, the familial and historiographical link between Robertson and his great-uncle, the patriotic Scottish antiquary James Anderson (1662-1728) has gone largely unnoticed. However, Robertson's correspondence shows that he made enquiries into the Anderson link, and that he drew heavily on Anderson's Collections Relating to the History of Mary, Queen of Scotland (1727) in preparing his own History of Scotland.3 Both Robertson and Anderson were Whigs and Presbyterians, which conditioned their views on Mary and led to literary attacks being made on them by a later Scottish historian, the glutinously sentimental Tory Mariolater George Chalmers.4 Robertson also used the Historical Essay, Shewing that the Crown and Kingdom of Scotland is Imperial and Independent (1705), Anderson's contribution to the 'imperial crowns' controversy as to whether Scotland was subordinate to England. This work dealt chiefly with mediaeval history, while Robertson's focused largely on the sixteenth century, so that Anderson's relevance is not immediately apparent. Indeed, Robertson is frequently aligned with David Hume in showing a typically [End Page 305] 'Enlightened' contempt for the mediaeval period and pre-Union Scotland generally.5 Robertson certainly had little time for the 'Dark Ages'; he divided Scottish history before 1603 into four periods, and the first of these, 'to the reign of Kenneth II' in the mid-ninth century, he believed 'ought to be totally neglected'.6 However, the second of Robertson's divisions is that 'from Kenneth's conquest of the Picts to the death of Alexander III' in 1286, and, far from rejecting this age as worthless, Robertson states that 'from this period the history of Scotland would merit some attention, were it accompanied with any certainty'. It is lack of evidence, not 'enlightened' contempt, that explains Robertson's attitude, and he blames this lack on 'the malicious policy of Edward I' who 'called in question the independence of Scotland, pretending that the kingdom was held as a fief of the crown of England'. This policy led Edward to destroy archival evidence that 'tended to prove the antiquity or freedom of the kingdom' of Scotland.7 Robertson's patriotic condemnation recalls Anderson's anger regarding the 'miserable Fates, that most of our ancient Charters and Records have undergone … by the general Havock and designed Extirpation of our Memory, by Edward the first', and contrasts strongly with the genuine 'enlightened' disdain of Hume, who says that 'the Scots pretend that he [Edward] also destroyed all the annals preserved in their convents: But it is not probable that a nation, so rude and unpolished, should be possessed of any history'.8 Robertson's third division is the period from the death of Alexander III to that of James V. His insistence that 'every Scotsman should begin not to read only but to study the history of his country' from this age onwards again argues that Robertson's view of pre-Union Scotland was far from contemptuous. Significantly, this period begins with 'the famous controversy concerning the independence of Scotland', and it is here that Robertson cites Anderson's Essay.9 Anderson's work was a response to the English pamphleteer William Atwood's Superiority and Direct Dominion of the Imperial Crown of England over the Crown and Kingdom of Scotland of 1704, an effort which not only asserted Scotland's historical subordination but also based this assertion upon wildly indiscriminate and dubious evidence, such as spurious charters showing that early Scottish kings like Malcolm III had done homage to English monarchs for Scotland. Furthermore, as Anderson noticed, he trawled the depths of Britain's mythical 'history' and used [End Page 306] the 'lying and fabulous Tales of Jeffrey of Monmouth' to support his case.10 To make matters worse, Atwood suggested that some mediaeval...

Crown, Capital, and Metropolis

This article considers the topography of two neighboring Scottish burghs—Edinburgh and Canongate. Sited alongside each other, they sat on a tail-like ridge running down from the volcanic rock that housed Edinburgh’s castle. From the castle, a single street stretched about a mile down to Holyrood Abbey at the east end of the burgh of Canongate. Both the castle and abbey were temporary homes to kings and queens of Scotland throughout the Middle Ages; by the sixteenth century, Holyrood was established as a palace and Edinburgh was the sole capital of Scotland. This royal palace with an urban court was the home of Scots kings, whereas Edinburgh housed the tools of a capital—parliament, law courts, and university. The two burghs became the stage for ceremony—royal entries, processions, and “riding the parliament” followed the processional route, the Royal Mile. Topography determined that route and does so to this day.

Political Culture and Political Discourse in the Letters of Queen María of Castilla

POLITICAL CULTURE AND POLITICAL DISCOURSE IN THE LETTERS OF QUEEN MARÍA OF CASTILLA Theresa Earenfight Seattle University Medieval queens -whether they ruled in their own right, governed in a limited capacity, or took no part in governance- have been the subject of an extensive and wide-ranging body of political theory. Lawyers , monks, urban magistrates, poets, even the kings themselves engaged in a lively discourse, at times in favor of but mosdy against, rule by women (Bändel, Beaune, Elias de Tejada, Huneycutt, Martindale, Nelson, Searle, Stafford, Wood). Noticeably absent from this discourse are the queens themselves. They have been ignored, less by their contemporaries than by generations of historians who regarded them as marginal and unimportant. We take for granted, however, that the king's ideas are crucial to the political culture of the kingdom and a key element of political discourse. Kings' words are deemed consequential to the res publica and their letters have been collected, edited, translated, and analyzed. But what did queens have to say about the events of their age? Did their actions and their ideas influence the political culture in general, and attitudes toward women and power in particular? To examine what queens said and wrote, we turn to two groups of sources, their speeches and their letters. Public speeches and pronouncements are very scarce and only a handful have been collected and edited (Albert and Gassiot, Marcus, et ai, Teague). Letters are more numerous but they pose particular problems, whether treated as a literary genre (Cherewatuk and Wiethaus, Ferrante, King and Rabil, Stanbury) or a source for women's history (Crabb, Hanawalt). There are very few modern editions of queens' letters, and, for the most part they tend to be those ofqueens who ruled in their own right (Harrison, La corónica 32.1 (Fall, 2003): 135-52 136Theresa EarenfightLa coránica 32.1, 2003 Clemencín, Marcus, et al). Scholars have used queens' letters to dramatize or sentimentalize their lives, most memorably in the case of Mary Stuart, Queen of Scotland in the sixteenth century (Davison). Or their letters are considered more literary or devotional than political (Marcus, et al), or as reflections of private, familial concerns that may or may not have touched the political sphere (Crawford). My aim in this study is to consider a queen's letters as political documents, to broaden and deepen our theoretical understanding of both queenship and the political culture ofmonarchy. I regard a queen's letters as integral components of the public political discourse of her age and vitally important to understanding medieval politics in both theory and practice. Recent research into queens as political actors has brought a clearer understanding of how queens fit into the political culture of their age (Chibnall, Duggan, Facinger, Lehfeldt, Parsons ) . Barbara Weissberger analyzed the letters of Isabel of Castilla to her confessor Talavera, examining her rhetorical strategies and her conscious use of gender stereotypes to undermine Talavera's attempts to control her (Weissberger 1998). Dawn Bratsch-Prince looked at Violant de Bar's letters for her attitudes toward motherhood and the politics of dynastic succession at a time of political instability (BratschPrince 1994). Even though politics is the theme of these works, the letters themselves are not considered political documents, even for those queens who ruled in their own right. A.N. McLaren's recent study of political culture in the reign of Elizabeth I is devoted almost entirely to a discussion of the men who wrote to her, talked about her, criticized her right to rule, carried out her orders, and tried to convince her to marry or go to war, but it is strikingly thin on her own vociferous epistolary contributions to the political discourse of the day. Why is this so? I believe that because we too narrowly construe monarchy, we adhere too closely to outmoded notions of a gendered monarchy. It is true, of course, that most queens did not rule in their own right and that the actions of kings were privileged over those of queens, but to regard a queen's actions and letters as incidental to politics is to misunderstand medieval monarchy. We may talk about monarchy as a...

Books in Brief

Caws, Mary Ann, The Surrealist Look: An Erotics of EncounterLadis, A, and Wood, C, The Craft of Art. Originality and Industry in the Italian Renaissance and Baroque WorkshopGrössinger, Christa, The World Upside‐Down: English MisericordsShennan, Margaret, Berthe Morisot: The First Lady of ImpressionismHares‐Stryker, An Anthology of Pre‐Raphaelite WritingsVoss, Hermann, Baroque Painting in Rome II: The High and Late Baroque, Rococo and Early Neoclassicism, 1620–1790Voss, Hermann, Painting of the Late Renaissance in Rome and Florence I: From the High Renaissance to MannerismOlding, Simon, Martyn BrewsterSmith, W Gordon, David Donaldson, Painter and Limner to Her Majesty The Queen in Scotland

Account of a New Anesthetic Agent, as a Substitute for Sulphuric Ether in Surgery and Midwifery

Professor of Midwifery in the University of Edinburgh: Physician-Accoucheur to the Queen in Scotland, etc.

Manual of Surgical Anatomy. By Sir John Bruce, C.B.E., T.D., M.B., F.R.C.S.E., F.R.S.E., Regius Professor of Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Honorary Surgeon to H.M. the Queen in Scotland, Surgeon, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh; Robert Walmsley, M.D., F.R.C.S.E., F.R.S.E., Bute Professor of Anatomy, St Salvator's College, University of St Andrews; and James A. Ross, M.B.E., M.D., F.R.C.S.E., Surgeon, Eastern General

<b>Manual of Surgical Anatomy.</b> By Sir John Bruce, <i>C.B.E., T.D.,</i> M.B., F.R.C.S.E., F.R.S.E., Regius Professor of Clinical Surgery, University of Edinburgh, Honorary Surgeon to H.M. the Queen in Scotland, Surgeon, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh; Robert Walmsley, M.D., F.R.C.S.E., F.R.S.E., Bute Professor of Anatomy, St Salvator's College, University of St Andrews; and James A. Ross, <i>M.B.E.,</i> M.D., F.R.C.S.E., Surgeon, Eastern General

‘The Queen of Scotland’

‘The Queen of Scotland’

Sir Thomas Grainger Stewart (1837–1900)

SIR THOMAS GRAINGER STEWART, the eminent Scotch physician, who died on February 3, 1900, was born at Edinburgh on September 3, 1837. He qualified in 1858, and then visited the medical centres on the Continent, where he came m contact with Virchow, Schönlein and Traube in Berlin, and Oppolzer, Skoda and Hebra in Vienna. On his return to Edinburgh, he was made physician to the university wards in the Royal Infirmary. In 1876 he was appointed professor of physic and proved an exceptionally gifted teacher. He was one of the first in Great Britain to direct attention to the deep reflexes, and under the title of "Paralysis of the Hands and Feet from Diseases of the Nerves", he first described the condition known as multiple neuritis. For many years he held a foremost position as a consultant throughout Scotland and the north of England. His chief publications were "A Practical Treatise on Bright's Diseases of the Kidneys" (1868), "The Teaching of Medicine in Edinburgh" (1877) and "An Introduction to Diseases of the Nervous System' (1884). He was the recipient of many honours. In 1882 he was appointed physician to the Queen in Scotland, in 1887 he was made M.D. honoris causa of the Royal University of Ireland, in 1890 he was elected president - of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh and honorary fellow of the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, in 1894 he was knighted, and in 1898 he was elected president of the British Medical Association when the annual meeting was held in Edinburgh.

Mary, Queen of Scotland and the Isles

Mary, Queen of Scotland and the Isles

Roger, Bishop of St. Andrews, and Ermengard, queen of Scotland

Roger, Bishop of St. Andrews, and Ermengard, queen of Scotland Get access G. H. White G. H. White 1St. Cross, Harleston, Norfolk Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s11-IV, Issue 91, 23 September 1911, Page 245, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s11-IV.91.245a Published: 23 September 1911

Sybil, Queen of Scotland: Her parentage

Journal Article Sybil, Queen of Scotland: Her parentage Get access Sherborne Sherborne 1Sherborne House, Northleach Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s11-III, Issue 59, 11 February 1911, Page 116, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s11-III.59.116b Published: 11 February 1911