Quebec City Research Articles

Convergence of urban forest and socio-economic indicators of resilience: A study of environmental inequality in four major cities in eastern Canada

Environmental inequality is a phenomenon drawing much attention in the scientific and policy-making debates about urban forests and city greening. Most studies on the subject have shown that socially vulnerable, multicultural neighborhoods are disproportionately affected by the lack of urban forest while richer neighborhoods tend to be greener. But are there differences in the resilience of urban forests between poor and rich neighborhoods? We tackled this question using a newly developed indicator of urban forest resilience, functional diversity, to determine if environmental injustice is also found in the resilience of urban forests in poor neighborhoods. Using Canadian census data at the census tract scale, Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and urban tree inventories, this study investigated if urban forest resilience is also part of the environmental inequality phenomenon in four urban areas in eastern Canada: Toronto, Gatineau-Ottawa, Montreal and Quebec City. Multivariate analysis of the dataset shows that urban forest functional diversity, used as an indicator of resilience, is inversely correlated to a set of variables associated with social vulnerability. The same relationship also exists with canopy cover; a pattern of inequality found in many cities around the world. With these findings, we show that social vulnerability and urban forest resilience are intertwined, meaning that neighborhoods already lacking urban forest are also more at risk of losing it due to a sudden environmental disturbance. When confronted with global change, considering this new insight into urban environmental inequality could be of great importance for maintaining a comfortable living environment for every city-dweller.

Novel Air Temperature Measurement Using Midwave Hyperspectral Fourier Transform Infrared Imaging in the Carbon Dioxide Absorption Band

Accurate visualization of air temperature distribution can be useful for various thermal analyses in fields such as human health and heat transfer of local area. This paper presents a novel approach to measuring air temperature from midwave hyperspectral Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) imaging in the carbon dioxide absorption band (between 4.25–4.35 μm). In this study, the proposed visual air temperature (VisualAT) measurement is based on the observation that the carbon dioxide band shows zero transmissivity at short distances. Based on analysis of the radiative transfer equation in this band, only the path radiance by air temperature survives. Brightness temperature of the received radiance can provide the raw air temperature and spectral average, followed by a spatial median-mean filter that can produce final air temperature images. Experiment results tested on a database obtained by a midwave extended FTIR system (Telops, Quebec City, QC, Canada) from February to July 2018 show a mean absolute error of 1.25 ∘K for temperature range of 2.6−26.4 ∘C.

Prioritization of patients access to outpatient augmentative and alternative communication services in Quebec: a decision tool

Purpose A large number of people living with a chronic disability wait a long time to access publicly funded rehabilitation services such as Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) services, and there is no standardized tool to prioritize these patients. We aimed to develop a prioritization tool to improve the organization and access to the care for this population. Methods In this sequential mixed methods study, we began with a qualitative phase in which we conducted semi-structured interviews with 14 stakeholders including patients, their caregivers, and AAC service providers in Quebec City, Canada to gather their ideas about prioritization criteria. Then, during a half-day consensus group meeting with stakeholders, using a consensus-seeking technique (i.e. Technique for Research of Information by Animation of a Group of Experts), we reached consensus on the most important prioritization criteria. These criteria informed the quantitative phase in which used an electronic questionnaire to collect stakeholders’ views regarding the relative weights for each of the selected criteria. We analyzed these data using a hybrid quantitative method called group based fuzzy analytical hierarchy process, to obtain the importance weights of the selected eight criteria. Results Analyses of the interviews revealed 48 criteria. Collectively, the stakeholders reached consensus on eight criteria, and through the electronic questionnaire they defined the selected criteria’s importance weights. The selected eight prioritization criteria and their importance weights are: person’s safety (weight: 0.274), risks development potential (weight: 0.144), psychological well-being (weight: 0.140), physical well-being (weight: 0.124), life prognosis (weight: 0.106), possible impact on social environment (weight: 0.085), interpersonal relationships (weight: 0.073), and responsibilities and social role (weight: 0.054). Conclusion In this study, we co-developed a prioritization decision tool with the key stakeholders for prioritization of patients who are referred to AAC services in rehabilitation settings. IMPLICATIONS FOR REHABILIATION Studies in Canada have shown that people in Canada with a need for rehabilitation services are not receiving publicly available services in a timely manner. There is no standardized tool for the prioritization of AAC patients. In this mixed methods study, we co-developed a prioritization tool with key stakeholders for prioritization of patients who are referred to AAC services in a rehabilitation center in Quebec, Canada.

0512 Impact of a Patient Decision-Aid When Selecting Insomnia Treatments and Factors Associated with Decisional Conflict: Preliminary Findings from an Ongoing Pragmatic Clinical Trial

Abstract Introduction Preferences play an important role in determining insomnia treatment outcomes, but the validity of patient choice is rarely assessed. Uninformed preferences can lead to decisional conflict, which can negatively impact on treatment initiation, adherence, and subsequent outcomes. The current study aims to evaluate the impact of integrating a patient decision-aid as part of a pragmatic clinical trial and to identify baseline covariates associated with clinically significant decisional conflict (CSDC). Methods Secondary analysis of an ongoing pragmatic clinical trial for a two-stage cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) intervention was undertaken. Participants were referred from primary care clinics in Quebec City, Canada. Upon enrolment, participants were guided by a decision-aid, outlining the risks and benefits of prospective treatment options, when selecting their preferred arm of treatment in Phase 1. Options included SHUTi, SHUTi combined with an existing medication or continuing usual treatment with medication alone. Participants also completed a battery of sleep and mental health measures at baseline. Prior to treatment initiation, the 4-item SURE (Sure of myself; Understand information; Risk-Benefit ratio; Encouragement) scale was administered to screen for CSDC. Relationships between CSDC and baseline covariates were explored using Pearson correlations. Results Of the 55 participants initially enrolled, 94.5% (n=52) of participants preferentially selected SHUTi, either as sole treatment (n=24) or in combination with an existing medication (n=28), over usual treatment with medication alone (n=3). Overall, CSDC was only reported by 5.5% (n=3) of the sample population, with no group differences observed, suggesting effective clarification of treatment options through the decision-aid. Interestingly, higher SURE scores (i.e. less decisional conflict) were negatively correlated with depressive symptoms (r= -0.295, n= 55, p= 0.029) and anxiety symptoms (r= -0.301, n= 55, p= 0.026). Correlations with age, insomnia symptoms, duration of insomnia and fatigue were not statistically significant. Conclusion The patient decision-aid appeared to resolve decisional conflict for 94.5% (n=52) of participants. Findings allude to the potential influence of emotional status on information processing pathways in an insomnia context, warranting further research. Support Research supported by a grant from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR-IRSC:0441002152).

Super-Resolution-Based Snake Model—An Unsupervised Method for Large-Scale Building Extraction Using Airborne LiDAR Data and Optical Image

Automatic extraction of buildings in urban and residential scenes has become a subject of growing interest in the domain of photogrammetry and remote sensing, particularly since the mid-1990s. Active contour model, colloquially known as snake model, has been studied to extract buildings from aerial and satellite imagery. However, this task is still very challenging due to the complexity of building size, shape, and its surrounding environment. This complexity leads to a major obstacle for carrying out a reliable large-scale building extraction, since the involved prior information and assumptions on building such as shape, size, and color cannot be generalized over large areas. This paper presents an efficient snake model to overcome such a challenge, called Super-Resolution-based Snake Model (SRSM). The SRSM operates on high-resolution Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR)-based elevation images—called z-images—generated by a super-resolution process applied to LiDAR data. The involved balloon force model is also improved to shrink or inflate adaptively, instead of inflating continuously. This method is applicable for a large scale such as city scale and even larger, while having a high level of automation and not requiring any prior knowledge nor training data from the urban scenes (hence unsupervised). It achieves high overall accuracy when tested on various datasets. For instance, the proposed SRSM yields an average area-based Quality of 86.57% and object-based Quality of 81.60% on the ISPRS Vaihingen benchmark datasets. Compared to other methods using this benchmark dataset, this level of accuracy is highly desirable even for a supervised method. Similarly desirable outcomes are obtained when carrying out the proposed SRSM on the whole City of Quebec (total area of 656 km2), yielding an area-based Quality of 62.37% and an object-based Quality of 63.21%.

Colonial Military Garrisons as Labor‐Market Shocks: Quebec City and Boston, 1760–1775

AbstractThe military occupation of Boston in 1768 shocked the city's labor market. The soldiers, who were expected to supplement their pay by working for local businesses, constituted an influx equal to 12.5 percent of greater Boston's population. To assess the importance of this shock, we use the case of Quebec City, which experienced the reverse process (i.e., a reduction in the British military presence from close to 18 percent of the region's population to less than 1 percent). We argue that, in Boston, the combination of the large influx of soldiers and a heavy tax on the local population in the form of the billeting system caused an important wage reduction, while the lighter billeting system of Quebec City and the winding down of the garrison pushed wages up. We tie these experiences to political developments in the 1770s.

Exposure to English as a determinant of support for Quebec independence in the 2018 Quebec elections

This paper tests the explanatory power of exposure to English on nationalist attitudes in the 2018 Quebec general elections, during which all major political parties exceptionally excluded holding a referendum on Quebec independence. Data emanate from an exit poll conducted in Quebec City and in Montreal on October 1, 2018 (N = 122). Results from a population-based survey experiment demonstrate that exposure to written English through a bilingual survey is a positive predictor of support for independence for French-speaking Quebecers who encounter spoken English frequently in their daily lives. This suggests that exposure to written English bolsters nationalist attitudes as real-life out-group contact increases. These results reinforce causal claims on the contextual determinants of political attitudes.

Social space and family reproduction among Quebec City leather workers in 1911

Cet article explore les caractéristiques de la reproduction familiale au sein du groupe socio-professionnel que forment les travailleurs du cuir dans la ville de Québec au tournant du xx e siècle. Il en examine les dimensions sociale, spatiale et familiale de manière à contextualiser les dynamiques de reproduction en période d’industrialisation. Ancrée dans une perspective d’histoire sociale, cette étude vise à outrepasser la dichotomie entre, d’un côté, les interprétations matérialistes, et, de l’autre, les interprétations culturelles des changements démographiques. Nous nous concentrons ici sur les dynamiques de l’économie familiale issues de l’enchevêtrement des expériences individuelles de travail et du vivre ensemble au quotidien ainsi que des perceptions des normes et rôles accolés aux hommes, femmes et enfants. Nous adoptons une perspective analytique qui s’appuie sur les concepts de communication communities et de réseaux familiaux multigénérationnels en examinant de manière très détaillée la distribution résidentielle et les réseaux de parenté de ces familles. Pour ce faire, nous tirons profit des microdonnées du recensement de 1911, lesquelles ont été géoréférencées à l’échelle du bâtiment et jumelées aux registres de l’état civil. Les résultats de cette micro-étude apportent un éclairage nouveau sur les comportements de fécondité et sur la complexité de l’articulation entre les modes de production et les stratégies de reproduction.

Translating the Symptom Screening in Pediatrics Tool (SSPedi) into French and among French-speaking children receiving cancer treatments, evaluating understandability and cultural relevance in a multiple-phase descriptive study

ObjectivesSymptom Screening in Pediatrics Tool (SSPedi) is a validated approach to measuring bothersome symptoms for English-speaking and Spanish-speaking children with cancer and paediatric haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. Objectives...

An Interdisciplinary Case Management Protocol for Child Resistance or Refusal Dynamics†

High‐conflict parental separation cases associated with child's estrangement or contact refusal take an unusually large amount of court time and generate high emotional costs for parents and children. This paper reports on a study of a research‐based pilot project and protocol, called the Parenting Conflict Resolution (PCR), which is intended to reduce parental conflict, improve interparental communication, and support or restore the parent–child relationship. The protocol was developed at the Superior Court in Quebec City (Canada), and involves single judge case management, and lawyers' commitment to have the child's best interests as their primary consideration and to guide their clients to trust the process. The assigned judge and lawyers have the ongoing involvement of a mandated psychotherapist, taking a family systems approach with the case. The PCR also requires the parents to participate in a psycho‐educational, introspective group program to work on co‐parenting and communication skills. Ongoing communication between the professionals involved in the PCR is required to ensure cohesion and accountability. This pilot project was implemented with 10 high‐conflict families, 6 of which presented with the child's resistance or refusal to see one parent. A qualitative data study was undertaken into the experiences of all the participants. The most salient result is the resumption of parent–child contact in all six contact refusal cases. Discussion highlights key elements to successfully address these cases: (a) interdisciplinary program delivery, (b) systemic understanding of the contact problems, (c) focus on the child's best interest, (d) single judge assigned to the case, (e) lawyers' support of the parents' participation, and (f) psychotherapist reporting to the court.

Summary of the AOAC-Sponsored Workshop Series Related to the Global Understanding of Food Fraud (GUFF): Mobilization of Resources for Food Authenticity Assurance and Food Fraud Prevention and Mitigation.

Reports of incidents associated with the misrepresentation of food products as well as the adulteration of their composition leading, at times, to significant public health impacts are being recorded. This paper aims at summarizing the outputs of three workshops dedicated to the theme "Global Understanding of Food Fraud" (GUFF), held in Quebec City in Canada (April 2017), Beijing in the People's Republic of China (October 2017) and Dubai in the United Arab Emirates (October 2018). Based on the contributions made at these workshops, the paper reviews current knowledge related to food fraud shared by experts and stakeholders representing the food industry sector, food regulators both domestically and internationally and scientists from Academia. It also discusses approaches available to the industry across the food supply chain to predict, prevent, and possibly mitigate food fraud, inclusive of targeted and non-targeted methods of analysis. The paper offers a discussion on areas warranting the mobilization of efforts and resources of the food stakeholder community to reach consistent and accessible guidance on food fraud prevention, validated analytical methods along with an increased emphasis on prevention in food regulatory measures targeting food fraud. Further development is needed to reach consistent and accessible guidance on food fraud prevention, validated analytical methods, along with an emphasis on food fraud prevention. Food fraud is receiving increased attention from consumers, regulators, and industry. International food fraud experts were invited to three workshops. Contributions and conclusions from the workshops are reported and discussed.

La participation sociale dans les résidences privées pour aînés

Le vieillissement de la population invite à étudier les résidences privées pour aînés, notamment sous l'angle du lien social. Après leur emménagement en résidence, plusieurs aînés veulent continuer de participer activement à la société. Cette recherche qualitative exploratoire a pour objectif de mieux comprendre les perceptions et les expériences d'aînés vivant dans une résidence privée par rapport à leur participation sociale, sur le plan de leurs relations interpersonnelles et de leurs activités de loisirs. Onze entrevues individuelles ont été menées auprès de personnes vivant dans des résidences privées pour aînés de la région de la ville de Québec, au Canada. Sur le plan personnel, les facteurs centraux pour la participation sociale sont l'adaptation au nouveau milieu de vie, l'implication dans ce milieu, notamment par le biais du bénévolat, ainsi que l'état de santé de la personne. En ce qui concerne l'environnement social, les facteurs importants sont la proximité géographique de l'entourage, une offre variée d'activités et la stabilité du personnel. Au final, des recommandations sont formulées au sujet des stratégies d'intervention et des pistes de recherche, lesquelles donnent suite aux constats énoncés, et ce, afin de mieux soutenir la participation sociale en résidence privée pour aînés.

Use of Alternative Cover Materials to Control Surface Emissions (H2S and VOCs) at an Engineered Landfill

Between 2010 and 2015, the Bellechasse Regional County Municipality (Bellechasse RCM) was affected by particularly noxious odors issuing from its Municipal Solid Waste Landfill (Bellechasse RCM MSWL) in Armagh, Canada. A study carried out in 2015-2016 by Centre de recherche industrielle du Québec (CRIQ) confirmed that it was still possible for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) emissions to cause odor issues in and around the site. The experimental project carried out by CRIQ in cooperation with Bellechasse RCM, Englobe, Quebec City and the Regroupement des récupérateurs et des recycleurs de matériaux de construction et de démolition du Québec (represented by AIM Éco-centre) made it possible to test three (3) different industrial residue as an alternative cover materials on site and study how they controlled H2S emissions, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and odors at the Bellechasse RCM’s landfill. The site was monitored from November 2016 to September 2017 to confirm the effectiveness of alternative biofiltration cover materials (soil + compost), domestic waste incineration bottom ash and 0 to 2.5-inch concrete residues and to compare the results with the sand cover currently used as the cover material. Effectiveness was determined by measuring the Area Source Emission Rate (ASER) with a 3 m x 3 m static flux chamber developed for the project. Methane measurements were concomitantly taken to confirm that the biogas could escape through the cover materials. The monitoring results made it possible to demonstrate that domestic waste incineration bottom ash as well as 0-2.5 in. concrete received the highest load of H2S and showed an H2S capture performance of greater than 83ϿFor volatile organic compounds, materials such as 0-2.5 in. concrete and the alternative biofiltration cover materials were most effective for capture (greater than 73Ͽfor the highest loads. The lowest content of CH4 after covering was measured for the alternative cover materials. The site where the incineration bottom ash was used managed to decrease odors by ±200 odor units. Overall, we have demonstrated in this project, the capacity of different alternative cover materials under real condition for the control of gas emissions from landfill.

Long-term effects of a healthy eating blog in mothers and children.

In the context of low consumption of vegetables and fruits and milk and alternatives among Canadian mothers and children, novel strategies are needed to improve maternal and child nutrition. This study evaluated the long‐term effects of an evidence‐informed healthy eating blog on dietary intakes and food‐related behaviours of mothers and their child. The study presents a secondary outcome analysis of a randomised controlled trial in which 84 mothers (mean age of 37.6 ± 6.7 years) of 2‐ to 12‐year‐old children living in Quebec City, Canada, were randomly assigned to a dietary intervention delivered through a healthy eating blog written by a registered dietitian (RD; n = 42) or a control group (n = 42) during a period of 6 months. Dietary intakes, maternal eating behaviours, food parenting practices, and body weight were measured at baseline, 3 months, at the end of the intervention (6 months), and 6‐month post‐intervention (12 months). Differences between groups were assessed with mixed linear models. Globally, this study found no evidence of long‐term differences in mean dietary intakes in mothers exposed to the blog and their children as well as other food‐related outcomes and body weight compared with the control condition. Potential predictors of adherence to dietary recommendations in mothers and children (e.g., involvement of children in household food activities) were identified. In conclusion, a healthy eating blog written by an RD did not result in evidence of any long‐term differences in dietary intakes and food‐related behaviours in mothers and their children compared with the control condition.

Evolution of Down Syndrome Prenatal Screening Clinical Practices in Québec.

Prenatal screening for Down syndrome (DS) has evolved greatly over the last decades with the improvement of first- and second-trimester serum screening and the introduction of cell-free fetal DNA. This study aimed to estimate the impact of such changes on practices. This retrospective cohort study included fetuses and newborns diagnosed with DS between 2005-2007 and 2015-2017 in the single obstetrical care centre in Québec City. Data were collected on the prenatal screening method, diagnosis, and delivery. The median was compared between the study periods. Complete clinical data were available for only 78 (66%) of 119 cases of DS. Significant changes were observed in screening methods, including an increase in the use of first-trimester serum, ultrasound, and cell-free fetal DNA. No significant changes were noted in terms of gestational age at diagnosis (median [interquartile range; IQR]: 17.0 [16.0-20.9] weeks in 2005-2007 vs. 17.9 [16.3-22.5] weeks in 2015-2017; P = 0.49) and delivery or termination of pregnancy (median 20.9 [IQR 18.0-23.3] weeks in 2005-2007 vs. 21.3 [18.4-23.4] weeks in 2015-2017; P = 0.46). The methods of diagnosis did not change significantly over the decade, with amniocentesis used 85% and 79% of the time, respectively (P = 0.19). The increased use of first-trimester screening and cell-free fetal DNA tests was not associated with earlier diagnosis of DS or earlier delivery or termination of pregnancy. The use of chorionic villus sampling should be encouraged for DS diagnosis when indicated because it could reduce the gestational age at diagnosis and termination if requested.

Designation of a neotype and paraneotype forConularina triangulata(Raymond, 1905) (Upper Ordovician, eastern North America)

Conularina triangulata(Raymond, 1905), the genotype ofConularinaSinclair, 1942, is a rare, early Late Ordovician conulariid (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa; Van Iten et al., 2006) having three sides or faces instead of four (Sinclair, 1942, fig. 9; Van Iten, 1992, text-fig. 3E). Originally described from the Valcour Formation (early Sandbian; Dix et al., 2013) on Valcour Island, New York (Sinclair, 1942),C.triangulatahas since been found in laterally equivalent strata of the upper Laval Formation (‘Upper Chazy’; Sinclair, 1942) in Laval, Québec, Canada (Sinclair, 1942). From this same unit and area, Sinclair (1942) erected three new, four-sided species ofConularina(C.irrasa,C.raymondi, andC.undosa), and he erected a single four-sided species (C.narrawayi) from the Ottawa Formation (now the Sandbian–Katian Ottawa Group; Dix et al., 2013) at Tétreauville (now Gatineau), Québec. Subsequently, Jerre (1994) reported the occurrence of two species ofConularinain the Upper Ordovician of Sweden. Jerre (1994) also proposed thatEoconularia?forensisSinclair, 1946 from the Upper Ordovician Citadelle Formation (‘Quebec City’ Formation; Sinclair, 1946) in Québec City, Québec (Promontoire de Québec thrust sheet, Appalachian Humber Zone, Allochtonous Domain; Castonguay et al., 2002) is a species ofConularina.

Probabilistic window opening model considering occupant behavior diversity: A data-driven case study of Canadian residential buildings

It was found from monitored data from eight dwellings in a case study building in Quebec City (Canada) that there are clear differences in the window opening behavior between different households. This paper aims to develop from data a probabilistic window opening model that accounts for occupant behavior. Logit regression is employed to predict the state (opened/closed) of windows according to indoor and outdoor temperatures environmental and temporal parameters. To replicate the diversity of behavior, normal distribution functions applied to the logit regression coefficients are used so that simulated occupants respond differently to environmental stimuli. It was found that the model offers good prediction for the monitoring by only using the outdoor and indoor temperatures as predictors. The proposed methodology was tested by simulating 10,000 times a full validation year of the case study building and comparing the results with measured data. The agreement was good. The model overestimated slightly the total frequency of window opening in the dwellings and the number of window changes-of-state. A vast range of window opening behavior was generated by the model, showing its ability to reproduce both the aggregated window opening behavior and the diversity of behaviors of the case study building.

Genome Sequence of a Klebsiella pneumoniae NDM-1 Producer Isolated in Quebec City.

We report here the complete genome sequence of Klebsiella pneumoniae CCRI-22199, isolated from a patient from India treated in Quebec City, Canada. Genes encoding beta-lactamases NDM-1 and CTX-M-15 were identified on two distinct plasmids. While the chromosome is similar to that of strain BAA-2146, CCRI-22199 provides a further example of rearrangements in plasmids.

Distribution, abundance, and diversity of microplastics in the upper St. Lawrence River

Microplastics are pervasive pollutants in fresh waters, but their distribution, abundance, and diversity in fluvial environments remain poorly documented. Previous research indicated that large polyethylene microbeads were abundant in the freshwater sediments of the St. Lawrence River. Here we extend this work by quantifying the abundance of a broad range of sizes and types of microplastics in sediments and surface water samples, and we relate these metrics to environmental variables. We sampled 21 sites for sediments that spanned a land use gradient, and 10 surface water stations above and below wastewater effluent sites, along the fluvial corridor of the St. Lawrence River between Montreal and Quebec City from July to August 2017. Microplastics were removed from sediments using an oil extraction protocol and enumerated under fluorescent microscopy. We tested predictions that environmental filters and known point sources affect microplastic concentrations in the river. The mean concentration of microplastics across all sediment sampling sites was 832 (±150 SE) plastics per kg dry weight (range 65–7562 plastics per kg dry weight), which is among the highest recorded (in the top 25%) for the world’s freshwater and marine systems. Microplastic concentrations in the sediments were significantly related to a suite of environmental variables including land use and sediment particle characteristics. Particle characteristics, proximity to point sources (urban land use), and environmental filters (sediment compositional variables, % organic carbon, % inorganic carbon and distance from shore) each explained a significant fraction of variation in the microplastic composition in the sediment, with environmental filters having the greatest influence. We present a protocol that could be used to efficiently and accurately detect a broad range of microplastics until a standardized protocol is established for large-scale monitoring.

3e Café de bioéthique « Le citoyen comme acteur de santé publique : défis et opportunités »

Ce compte-rendu synthétise les échanges tenus lors du 3ème Café de bioéthique de 2019 à Québec, qui ont porté sur le thème : « Le citoyen comme acteur de santé publique : défis et opportunités ». Trois panélistes – Yan Kestens, Allison Marchildon et Karine Lefeuvre – ont enrichi cette rencontre de leur expertise en santé publique et en éthique. Cet échange a fait ressortir la valeur de la participation citoyenne en santé publique et l’importance d’en nuancer sa compréhension et sa mise en application. Il est prioritaire de considérer les relations entre les différentes parties prenantes, les facteurs contextuels pouvant affecter ce processus et les stratégies éthiques permettant de renforcir de « bonnes » participations citoyennes. Cette rencontre s’inscrit dans une série de Cafés de bioéthique tenus à Montréal et à Québec sur le sujet de l’éthique, de la santé et des données.