In order to effectively schedule railway train delay, an adaptive cooperative co-evolutionary differential evolution with dynamic hybrid mechanism of the quantum evolutionary algorithm and genetic algorithm, named QGDECC is designed in this paper. In the QGDECC, the quantum variable decomposition strategy is designed by utilizing qubit string to decompose variables adaptively according to the coevolution performance. Then the increment mutation method is proposed to improve the convergence speed which make full use of searched evolution information. Besides, the parameter adaptive strategy is deeply explored for strengthening the robust of the algorithm. The QGDECC with global search capability is employed to realize a railway train delay scheduling method for effectively eliminating the impact of train delay. Finally, several benchmark functions and actual train operation data are selected to verify the optimization performance of QGDECC. The experimental results show that QGDECC has higher adaptability, faster convergence speed and accuracy. The train delay scheduling method can effectively eliminate the impact of delay on the railway network, and minimize the gap between the rescheduled train schedule and the original train schedule.