Quaternary Alkylammonium Ions Research Articles

Selective extraction of organic compounds as ion-pairs and adducts

Selective and easily regulated systems for extraction of organic compounds as ion-pairs and/or adducts are presented. The effect of different kinds of hydrophobic agents that give adducts in the organic phase are demonstrated: mesitylene for nitrophenols, ethyl acetate and diethyl ether for hexestrol (diphenol), lipophilic alcohols for organic ammonium ion-pairs, dibenzo-18-crown-6 for ion-pairs of primary ammonium ions, HDEHP for hydrophilic aminophenols (adrenaline, isoproterenol, synephrine). It is shown that the extraction selectivity decreases with increasing content of the complexing agent in the adduct. The influence of the hydrogen-bonding character of the counter-ion and the organic solvent on the selectivity of ion-pair extractions is demonstrated with ammonium compounds (nortriptyline, amitriptyline and N-methylainitriptyline) and inorganic anions. Highly hydrophilic anionic compounds (e.g., glucuronides, cholic acid derivatives) can be extracted into chloroform as ion-pairs with large quaternary alkylammonium ions. The extraction efficiency of the cation increases with the number of methylene groups to a limit which is due to co-extraction of other sample components (e.g., buffer anions).

ChemInform Abstract: FORMATION AND PROPERTIES OF LOSOD, A NEW SODIUM ZEOLITE

Losod, a new type of crystalline hydrated sodium aluminosilicate, Na12Al12Si12O48 · q H2O, has been prepared from reaction mixtures containing bulky quaternary alkylammonium ions, particularly azonia-spiro[4.4]nonane, besides sodium ions. Losod crystallizes from batches with a low sodium content (Na/Al ≤ 1 and Si/Al ≈ 1). The quaternary ammonium hydroxide primarily serves as a source of hydroxide ions and is not incorporated into the zeolite crystals. These bulky bases provide a useful means for controlling the alkalinity of the system independently of the concentration of the necessary cations built into the zeolite. The crystals of Losod are hexagonal (a = 12.91 and c = 10.54 A) and the proposed framework structure shows a polytypic relationship to sodalite and cancrinite. Losod has reversible sorption and ion exchange properties typical of a small-pore zeolite and in essential agreement with the proposed structure.

Formation and Properties of Losod, a New Sodium Zeolite

AbstractLosod, a new type of crystalline hydrated sodium aluminosilicate, Na12Al12Si12O48 · q H2O, has been prepared from reaction mixtures containing bulky quaternary alkylammonium ions, particularly azonia‐spiro[4.4]nonane, besides sodium ions. Losod crystallizes from batches with a low sodium content (Na/Al ≤ 1 and Si/Al ≈︁ 1). The quaternary ammonium hydroxide primarily serves as a source of hydroxide ions and is not incorporated into the zeolite crystals. These bulky bases provide a useful means for controlling the alkalinity of the system independently of the concentration of the necessary cations built into the zeolite.The crystals of Losod are hexagonal (a = 12.91 and c = 10.54 Å) and the proposed framework structure shows a polytypic relationship to sodalite and cancrinite. Losod has reversible sorption and ion exchange properties typical of a small‐pore zeolite and in essential agreement with the proposed structure.