Quasisymmetric Schur Functions Research Articles

The "Young" and "Reverse" Dichotomy of Polynomials

A ``flip-and-reversal" involution arising in the study of quasisymmetric Schur functions provides a passage between what we term ``Young" and ``reverse" variants of bases of polynomials or quasisymmetric functions. Building on this perspective, which has found recent application in the study of q-analogues of combinatorial Hopf algebras and generalizations of dual immaculate functions, we develop and explore Young analogues of well-known bases for polynomials. We prove several combinatorial formulas for the Young analogue of the key polynomials, show that they form the generating functions for left keys, and provide a representation-theoretic interpretation of Young key polynomials as traces on certain modules. We also give combinatorial formulas for the Young analogues of Schubert polynomials, including their crystal graph structure. We moreover determine the intersections of (reverse) bases and their Young counterparts, further clarifying their relationships to one another.

Weak Bruhat interval modules of the 0-Hecke algebra

The purpose of this paper is to provide a unified method for dealing with various 0-Hecke modules constructed using tableaux so far. To do this, we assign a $0$-Hecke module to each left weak Bruhat interval, called a weak Bruhat interval module. We prove that every indecomposable summand of the $0$-Hecke modules categorifying dual immaculate quasisymmetric functions, extended Schur functions, quasisymmetric Schur functions, and Young row-strict quasisymmetric Schur functions is a weak Bruhat interval module. We further study embedding into the regular representation, induction product, restriction, and (anti-)involution twists of weak Bruhat interval modules.

0-Hecke modules for Young row-strict quasisymmetric Schur functions

We construct modules of the 0-Hecke algebra whose images under the quasisymmetric characteristic map are the Young row-strict quasisymmetric Schur functions. This provides a representation-theoretic interpretation of this basis of quasisymmetric functions, answering a question of Mason and Niese (2015). Additionally, we classify when these modules are indecomposable.

Lifting the dual immaculate functions

We introduce a reverse variant of the dual immaculate quasisymmetric functions, mirroring the dichotomy between quasisymmetric Schur functions and Young quasisymmetric Schur functions, and establish a lift of this basis to the polynomial ring. We show that taking stable limits of these reverse dual immaculate slide polynomials produces the reverse dual immaculate quasisymmetric functions, and we establish positive formulas for expansions of these polynomials into the fundamental slide and quasi-key bases for polynomials. These formulas mirror connections between dual immaculate quasisymmetric functions, fundamental quasisymmetric functions, and Young quasisymmetric Schur functions, extending these connections from the ring of quasisymmetric functions to the full polynomial ring. We also use this lift to provide a lift of the dual immaculate quasisymmetric functions, and we establish analogous expansion formulas. We moreover use the reverse dual immaculate quasisymmetric functions to establish a connection between the dual immaculate quasisymmetric functions and the Demazure atom basis for polynomials.

Modules of the 0-Hecke algebra arising from standard permuted composition tableaux

We study the Hn(0)-module Sασ due to Tewari and van Willigenburg, which was constructed using new combinatorial objects called standard permuted composition tableaux and decomposed into cyclic submodules. First, we show that every direct summand appearing in their decomposition is indecomposable and characterize when Sασ is indecomposable. Second, we find characteristic relations among Sασ's and expand the image of Sασ under the quasi characteristic in terms of quasisymmetric Schur functions. Finally, we show that the canonical submodule of Sασ appears as a homomorphic image of a projective indecomposable module.

Dual Immaculate Quasisymmetric Functions Expand Positively into Young Quasisymmetric Schur Functions

We describe a combinatorial formula for the coefficients when the dual immaculate quasisymmetric func- tions are decomposed into Young quasisymmetric Schur functions. We prove this using an analogue of Schensted insertion. We also provide a Remmel-Whitney style rule to generate these coefficients algorithmically.

Dual graphs from noncommutative and quasisymmetric Schur functions

By establishing relations between operators on compositions, we show that the posets of compositions arising from the right and left Pieri rules for noncommutative Schur functions can each be endowed with both the structure of dual graded graphs and dual filtered graphs when paired with the poset of compositions arising from the Pieri rules for quasisymmetric Schur functions and its deformation.

A Note on Jing and Li’s Type $$\varvec{B}$$ B Quasisymmetric Schur Functions

In 2015, Jing and Li defined type B quasisymmetric Schur functions and conjectured that these functions have a positive, integral and unitriangular expansion into peak functions. We prove this conjecture, and refine their combinatorial model to give explicit expansions in monomial, fundamental and peak bases. We also show that these functions are not quasisymmetric Schur, Young quasisymmetric Schur or dual immaculate positive, and do not have a positive multiplication rule.

The decomposition of 0-Hecke modules associated to quasisymmetric Schur functions

Recently Tewari and van Willigenburg constructed modules of the 0-Hecke algebra that are mapped to the quasisymmetric Schur functions by the quasisymmetric characteristic and decomposed them into a direct sum of certain submodules. We show that these submodules are indecomposable by determining their endomorphism rings.

Quasisymmetric and noncommutative skew Pieri rules

In this note we derive skew Pieri rules in the spirit of Assaf–McNamara for skew quasisymmetric Schur functions using the Hopf algebraic techniques of Lam–Lauve–Sottile, and recover the original rules of Assaf–McNamara as a special case. We then apply these techniques a second time to obtain skew Pieri rules for skew noncommutative Schur functions.

Dual immaculate quasisymmetric functions expand positively into Young quasisymmetric Schur functions

We describe a combinatorial formula for the coefficients when the dual immaculate quasisymmetric functions are decomposed into Young quasisymmetric Schur functions. We prove this using an analogue of Schensted insertion. Using this result, we give necessary and sufficient conditions for a dual immaculate quasisymmetric function to be symmetric. Moreover, we show that the product of a Schur function and a dual immaculate quasisymmetric function expands positively in the Young quasisymmetric Schur basis. We also discuss the decomposition of the Young noncommutative Schur functions into the immaculate functions. Finally, we provide a Remmel–Whitney-style rule to generate the coefficients of the decomposition of the dual immaculates into the Young quasisymmetric Schurs algorithmically and an analogous rule for the decomposition of the dual bases.

Littlewood–Richardson rules for symmetric skew quasisymmetric Schur functions

The classical Littlewood–Richardson rule is a rule for computing coefficients in many areas, and comes in many guises. In this paper we prove two Littlewood–Richardson rules for symmetric skew quasisymmetric Schur functions that are analogous to the famed version of the classical Littlewood–Richardson rule involving Yamanouchi words. Furthermore, both our rules contain this classical Littlewood–Richardson rule as a special case. We then apply our rules to combinatorially classify symmetric skew quasisymmetric Schur functions. This answers affirmatively a conjecture of Bessenrodt, Luoto and van Willigenburg.

Modules of the 0-Hecke algebra and quasisymmetric Schur functions

We begin by deriving an action of the 0-Hecke algebra on standard reverse composition tableaux and use it to discover 0-Hecke modules whose quasisymmetric characteristics are the natural refinements of Schur functions known as quasisymmetric Schur functions. Furthermore, we classify combinatorially which of these 0-Hecke modules are indecomposable.From here, we establish that the natural equivalence relation arising from our 0-Hecke action has equivalence classes that are isomorphic to subintervals of the weak Bruhat order on the symmetric group. Focussing on the equivalence classes containing a canonical tableau we discover a new basis for the Hopf algebra of quasisymmetric functions, and use the cardinality of these equivalence classes to establish new enumerative results on truncated shifted reverse tableau studied by Panova and Adin–King–Roichman.Generalizing our 0-Hecke action to one on skew standard reverse composition tableaux, we derive 0-Hecke modules whose quasisymmetric characteristics are the skew quasisymmetric Schur functions of Bessenrodt et al. This enables us to prove a restriction rule that reflects the coproduct formula for quasisymmetric Schur functions, which in turn yields a quasisymmetric branching rule analogous to the classical branching rule for Schur functions.

Skew row-strict quasisymmetric Schur functions

Mason and Remmel introduced a basis for quasisymmetric functions known as the row-strict quasisymmetric Schur functions. This basis is generated combinatorially by fillings of composition diagrams that are analogous to the row-strict tableaux that generate Schur functions. We introduce a modification known as Young row-strict quasisymmetric Schur functions, which are generated by row-strict Young composition fillings. After discussing basic combinatorial properties of these functions, we define a skew Young row-strict quasisymmetric Schur function using the Hopf algebra of quasisymmetric functions and then prove this is equivalent to a combinatorial description. We also provide a decomposition of the skew Young row-strict quasisymmetric Schur functions into a sum of Gessel's fundamental quasisymmetric functions and prove a multiplication rule for the product of a Young row-strict quasisymmetric Schur function and a Schur function.

Backward Jeu de Taquin Slides for Composition Tableaux and a Noncommutative Pieri Rule

We give a backward jeu de taquin slide analogue on semistandard reverse composition tableaux. These tableaux were first studied by Haglund, Luoto, Mason and van Willigenburg when defining quasisymmetric Schur functions. Our algorithm for performing backward jeu de taquin slides on semistandard reverse composition tableaux results in a natural operator on compositions that we call the jdt operator. This operator in turn gives rise to a new poset structure on compositions whose maximal chains we enumerate. As an application, we also give a noncommutative Pieri rule for noncommutative Schur functions that uses the jdt operators.

On q-symmetric functions and q-quasisymmetric functions

In this paper, we construct the q-analogue of Poirier---Reutenauer algebras, related deeply with other q-combinatorial Hopf algebras. As an application, we use them to realize the odd Schur functions defined by Ellis, Khovanov, and Lauda, then naturally obtain the odd Littlewood---Richardson rule concerned by Ellis. Moreover, we construct the refinement of the odd Schur functions, called odd quasisymmetric Schur functions, parallel to the consideration by Haglund, Luoto, Mason, and van Willigenburg. All the q-Hopf algebras we discuss here provide the corresponding q-dual graded graphs.

Quasisymmetric Schur functions and modules of the $0$-Hecke algebra

We define a $0$-Hecke action on composition tableaux, and then use it to derive $0$-Hecke modules whose quasisymmetric characteristic is a quasisymmetric Schur function. We then relate the modules to the weak Bruhat order and use them to derive a new basis for quasisymmetric functions. We also classify those modules that are tableau-cyclic and likewise indecomposable. Finally, we develop a restriction rule that reflects the coproduct of quasisymmetric Schur functions. Nous définissons une action $0$-Hecke sur les tableaux de composition, et ensuite nous l’utilisons pour dériver les modules $0$-Hecke dont la caractéristique quasi-symétrique est une fonction de Schur quasi-symétrique. Nous mettons les modules en relation avec l’ordre de Bruhat faible et les utilisons pour dériver une nouvelle base pour les fonctions quasi-symétriques. Nous classons aussi ces modules qui sont tableau-cycliques et aussi indécomposable. Enfin, nous développons une règle de restriction qui reflète le coproduit des fonctions de Schur quasi-symétriques.

Multiplicity Free Schur, Skew Schur, and Quasisymmetric Schur Functions

In this paper we classify all Schur functions and skew Schur functions that are multiplicity free when expanded in the basis of fundamental quasisymmetric functions, termed F-multiplicity free. Combinatorially, this is equivalent to classifying all skew shapes whose standard Young tableaux have distinct descent sets. We then generalize our setting, and classify all F-multiplicity free quasisymmetric Schur functions with one or two terms in the expansion, or one or two parts in the indexing composition. This identifies composition shapes such that all standard composition tableaux of that shape have distinct descent sets. We conclude by providing such a classification for quasisymmetric Schur function families, giving a classification of Schur functions that are in some sense almost F-multiplicity free.

Skew quasisymmetric Schur functions and noncommutative Schur functions

Recently a new basis for the Hopf algebra of quasisymmetric functions QSym, called quasisymmetric Schur functions, has been introduced by Haglund, Luoto, Mason, van Willigenburg. In this paper we extend the definition of quasisymmetric Schur functions to introduce skew quasisymmetric Schur functions. These functions include both classical skew Schur functions and quasisymmetric Schur functions as examples, and give rise to a new poset LC that is analogous to Young's lattice. We also introduce a new basis for the Hopf algebra of noncommutative symmetric functions NSym. This basis of NSym is dual to the basis of quasisymmetric Schur functions and its elements are the pre-image of the Schur functions under the forgetful map χ:NSym→Sym. We prove that the multiplicative structure constants of the noncommutative Schur functions, equivalently the coefficients of the skew quasisymmetric Schur functions when expanded in the quasisymmetric Schur basis, are nonnegative integers, satisfying a Littlewood–Richardson rule analogue that reduces to the classical Littlewood–Richardson rule under χ.As an application we show that the morphism of algebras from the algebra of Poirier–Reutenauer to Sym factors through NSym. We also extend the definition of Schur functions in noncommuting variables of Rosas–Sagan in the algebra NCSym to define quasisymmetric Schur functions in the algebra NCQSym. We prove these latter functions refine the former and their properties, and project onto quasisymmetric Schur functions under the forgetful map. Lastly, we show that by suitably labeling LC, skew quasisymmetric Schur functions arise in the theory of Pieri operators on posets.

A Littlewood-Richardson type rule for row-strict quasisymmetric Schur functions

We establish several properties of an algorithm defined by Mason and Remmel (2010) which inserts a positive integer into a row-strict composition tableau. These properties lead to a Littlewood-Richardson type rule for expanding the product of a row-strict quasisymmetric Schur function and a symmetric Schur function in terms of row-strict quasisymmetric Schur functions. Nous établissons plusieurs propriétés d'un algorithme défini par Mason et Remmel (2010), qui insère un entier positif dans un tableau dont la forme est une composition, avec ordre strict sur les lignes (row-strict). Ces propriétés conduisent à une règle de type Littlewood-Richardson pour étendre le produit d'une fonction de Schur quasi-symétrique "row-strict'' et d'une fonction de Schur symétrique en termes de fonctions de Schur quasi-symétriques "row-strict''.