Quasi-experimental Research Articles

Enhancing self-care in elderly patients: the impact of WhatsApp reminder messages at the Heart and Vascular Center

The importance of reminder messages lies in improving self-care among heart disease patients. At the Heart and Vascular Center, many patients, both those under ongoing care and those recently treated, do not consistently engage in self-care activities. Reminder messages can encourage adherence to medication regimens. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of WhatsApp reminder messages on the self-care of elderly patients at the Heart and Vascular Center. The research employed a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pre- and post-test control design. Using a probability sampling technique with simple random sampling, the study required 16 new patients in each group. The instrument used was the Self-Care Heart Failure Index (SCHFI) questionnaire, consisting of 22 questions. Data analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. The results indicated that WhatsApp reminder messages are effective in enhancing patient self-care at the Heart and Vascular Center at Premier Hospital Surabaya (p-value<0.001). The Mann-Whitney test results post-intervention showed a p-value of 0.013, confirming the effectiveness of WhatsApp reminder messages in improving self-care among patients. This study demonstrated a significant positive influence of WhatsApp reminder messages on the self-care of elderly patients at the Heart and Vascular Center. These messages are an effective tool for improving patient self-care practices at Premier Hospital Surabaya.

Video based educational intervention in waiting area to improve awareness about health screening among patients visiting family medicine clinics

BackgroundMultiple educational modalities have been utilized including leaflet, face-to-face counseling and watching videos in waiting areas for engaging patients. Considering the two challenges of waiting time frustration and lack of health screening awareness, Family Physicians’ waiting area are an ideal place to bridge this gap. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of video-based health education intervention in improving knowledge about health screening among patients and their families sitting in waiting area of Family Medicine clinics.MethodsIt was a pre and post quasi-experimental study that was conducted in family medicine clinics located at main campus and Outreach centers of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 300 participants were approached during the six month period. The intervention consisted of an educational video on health screening. The content of the video was taken from the recommended preventive care guidelines from CDC and USPSTF. The pre-and post-intervention knowledge of the participants was assessed through a semi-structured coded questionnaire by an interviewer who was trained in data collection. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. Pre and post intervention knowledge adequacy was determined using MacNemar’s Chi-square test.ResultsTotal 300 participants voluntarily participated into the study. Median age of the participants was 28 (IQR = 23.25–36.75) years. Majority of participants were males (56%). Following the intervention, there was significant increase in the proportion of participants (51.3% versus 68%) who had understanding of health screening check-up (p < 0.001). Following the study intervention, there was significant increase in proportion of participants who had adequate knowledge related to diabetes (p = 0.045), hypertension (p < 0.001), cholesterol (p < 0.001), cervical cancer (p < 0.001), colon cancer (p < 0.001) and hepatitis B & C (p < 0.001). No significant improvement in breast cancer related knowledge was observed (p = 0.074). Highest post-intervention increase in knowledge from baseline was observed for hypertension (13.3% versus 63.3%) followed by colon cancer (24.3% versus 59.3%), cholesterol (67 versus 96.7%), hepatitis b & C (56.7% versus 77.3%), diabetes (29.7% versus 48%), cervical cancer (1.7% versus 19%), and breast cancer (7.7% versus 18.3%).ConclusionThis study highlighted a pivotal role of an educational video intervention in clinic waiting area to improve awareness regarding health screening among patients and their families. Further interventional community based or multicenter studies are warranted to assess the long-term impact of these educational videos on knowledge and utilization of health screening among adult population.

Examining the impact of multimodal task design on English oral communicative competence in fourth-grade content-language integrated social studies: A quasi-experimental study

Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is increasingly adopted globally, including in Taiwan’s educational initiatives, yet challenges remain in implementing effective CLIL practices, such as pedagogy and curriculum design. This study investigated the effectiveness of multimodal task designs, combining hands-on learning with poster presentations, in enhancing oral communicative competence within CLIL contexts. Employing a mixed-methods, quasi-experimental design with a comparative case study framework, the study assessed English oral communicative competence in four intact fourth-grade Taiwanese CLIL Social Studies classes. The hands-on learning group (EG, n = 40) engaged in activities like Chinese Dumpling Making, Bird’s Nest Building, and Succulent Pot Designing, while the non-hands-on learning group (CG, n = 34) used traditional worksheets on the same topics. Both groups proceeded to poster presentations within their multimodal task design, where students’ oral communicative competence was assessed using rubrics developed based on Coyle’s 4Cs dimensions, focusing on Content, Communication, and Cognition. Additionally, students’ cultural knowledge related to the hands-on topics was evaluated through written tests. To complement the quantitative data, qualitative data from self-reported reflections and video recordings documenting interventions were collected for the assessment of oral communicative competence within a CLIL framework. Results demonstrate that integrating hands-on activities significantly enhanced procedural content, communication (i.e., sentence complexity, pronunciation accuracy for target vocabulary, presentation fluency), and cognitive abilities, confirming the efficacy of multimodal learning approaches in fostering linguistic and cognitive engagement. Post-test comparisons show the EG’s superiority in cultural knowledge acquisition across all three hands-on topics. Student reflections endorsed the enrichment of learning experiences through multimodal task design. Video analysis of both groups’ interventions revealed that despite significant engagement and autonomy, EG students commonly utilized general English rather than target vocabulary, a pattern similar to that observed in the CG. These findings highlight the potential of diverse modalities in CLIL to enhance English content learning and oral skills, shaping future pedagogy and language strategies in Taiwan. The study also emphasizes the role of embodied learning, the interplay between physical actions and cognitive processes, to facilitate deeper understanding and engagement with subject matter within CLIL settings.

A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of Restorative Justice Programs in Reducing Recidivism: A Global Perspective

Restorative justice (RJ) is a growing alternative to traditional punitive justice, emphasizing offender accountability, victim reparation, and community reintegration. This meta-analysis aims to quantify the effectiveness of RJ programs in reducing recidivism across diverse global contexts. A systematic search of electronic databases (Scopus, Web of Science, PsycINFO) from 2018-2024 was conducted, including studies that assessed the impact of RJ on recidivism using experimental or quasi-experimental designs. The primary outcome was recidivism (any reoffense), with secondary outcomes of violent and non-violent recidivism. Random effects models were used to calculate pooled effect sizes. Thirty-two studies met the inclusion criteria (N = 18,654 participants). The overall pooled effect size for RJ on recidivism was -0.11 (95% CI -0.15, -0.07), indicating a small but statistically significant reduction in recidivism compared to traditional justice. Subgroup analyses revealed greater effects for youth offenders (-0.16) and for programs with high adherence to core RJ principles (-0.18). In conclusion, RJ programs demonstrate a modest but consistent effect in reducing recidivism. The findings support the continued implementation and expansion of RJ, particularly for young offenders and in settings with strong adherence to RJ philosophy.

A Dynamic Spatiotemporal Understanding of Changes in Social Vulnerability to Wildfires at Local Scale

Research on wildfires and social vulnerability has gained significant importance due to the increasing frequency and severity of wildfires around the world. This study investigates the dynamic changes in social vulnerability to wildfires over a decade in Idaho, USA, utilizing GIS-based tools and a quasi-experimental design. We assess the evolving nature of social vulnerability at a local scale, emphasizing both spatial and temporal dynamics. Initially, we identified social vulnerability trends in relation to varying levels of wildfire risk. The research then employs propensity score matching to contrast areas affected by wildfires in 2012 with similar non-affected regions, thereby quantifying the short-term shifts in social vulnerability post-wildfires. The results indicate that regions with a high wildfire risk may display elevated vulnerability, characterized by an increase in unemployment rates and a reduction in high-income households. These findings tentatively demonstrate the compounded effect of wildfires on already vulnerable populations, highlighting the critical need for targeted interventions. Ultimately, this study underscores the importance of integrating dynamic social vulnerability assessments into wildfire management and planning, aiming to enhance community resilience and equitable resource distribution in the face of escalating wildfire threats.

The effect of Philosophy for Children (P4C) activities on the development of moral perception and social rules of preschool children

The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of P4C implementations on children's perceptions of moral and social rules. The study was carried out with a total of 48 children aged five years old, 23 of them in the experimental group and 25 of them in the control group, attending a public school in the 2023–2024 academic years. A quasi-experimental design was used in the research, and the fully mixed sequential equal status design, one of the mixed research typologies, was applied. The Preschool Children's Conceptions of Moral and Social Rules Scale was applied in the quantitative dimension of the research, and observation, interviews, and anecdotal records constituted the qualitative data collection dimension. Briefly, after the implementation process, the experimental group's perception of moral and social norms improved. In the current study, a substantial difference between the children's moral rule and social rule perceptions after the P4C sessions was discovered when the experimental group's moral rule and social rule perception scale scores were analyzed before and after the implementation. A noticeable improvement in cognitive and social-emotional development was seen. It was determined that positive behaviors improved, particularly in moral situations requiring tolerance, in the experimental group. The study came to the conclusion that teaching children philosophy helps them enhance their critical thinking skills.

위절제술을 받은 노인을 위한 식이요법 교육프로그램 개발 및 효과

Objectives In this study, I developed and applied a dietary education program for older adults with gastrectomy based on Dick &amp; Carey's instructional design model to determine the effects on nutritional status (weight, PG-SGA), dietary knowledge, and quality of life. Methods This study was a quasi-experimental study with a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest design and included 96 older adults undergoing gastrectomy. The experimental group (n=47) received the dietary education program developed in this study (four sessions, 50 minutes each), and the control group (n=49) received the usual hospital education program (one session, 20 minutes). The collected data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA to examine the study hypothesis. Results There was a significant effect on body weight (F=11.38, p&lt;.001), PG-SGA (F=6.83, p&lt;.001), and dietary knowledge (F=4.21, p=.028) in the experimental group. For quality of life, the experimental group decreased 1 month after surgery and increased 6 months after surgery compared to before gastrectomy, while the control group decreased both 1 month and 6 months after surgery, which was not statistically significant. Conclusions A dietary education program developed based on Dick &amp; Carey's instructional design model was found to be effective in improving nutritional status and dietary knowledge in older adults undergoing gastrectomy. Therefore, we expect it to be a useful program to help older adults recover from gastrectomy.

Physical Activity Interventions Framed by the Health Action Process Approach for Adults with Long-Term Conditions: A Scoping Review.

Interventions that use the Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) model show promise for increasing PA frequency, duration, and intensity. However, there is limited understanding of how HAPA model variables have been operationalized for PA interventions in chronic disease to promote behavior change and sustained PA or whether the phase or continuous form of the HAPA model was used. The aim of this scoping review is to describe how the HAPA model variables for PA interventions were operationalized and provide details of implementation. We searched five databases to identify studies published between January 1992 and March 2024. We aimed to describe (1) the characteristics of interventions including setting, delivery mode, duration, and content; (2) which HAPA variables were operationalized and the strategies used; and (3) the physical activity measures and outcome effects. The search identified 23 interventions in 30 papers (12 protocols, 3 quasi-experimental studies, and 15 randomized controlled trials (RCTs)). Seven of the 15 RCTs reported significant positive effects of the HAPA model on PA behavior outcomes. Interventions operationalized between three and nine HAPA constructs showed significant variability in how the HAPA model is used in intervention research. PA measures varied from self-report to validated objective instruments. We found a lack of clarity in decisions about which HAPA constructs were included in interventions. The wide variability in operationalized HAPA constructs made it challenging to compare interventions. Researchers should provide more detail about intervention design and implementation procedures to enhance transparency.

Islamic Integrated Cognitive Behavior Therapy to Improve New Students Self-Adjustment Ability

The ability of each individual is not the same, especially in self-adjustment. This study, aimed at analyzing the effectiveness of group counseling services with Islamic Integrated Cognitive Behavior Therapy (IICBT), focused on improving the self-adjustment ability of new students at Agro Nuur El Falah Salatiga Islamic boarding school. The research approach used is quantitative with a quasi-experimental research design. The subjects studied were new students totaling 60 students. Based on the results of the Mann-Whitney Test, the experimental class and control class obtained a significance (2-tailed) of 0.002 &lt;0.05. In conclusion, this study reaffirms that group counseling services with Islamic Integrated Cognitive Behavior Therapy are effective for improving the self-adjustment of new students of Agro Nuur El-Falah Salatiga Islamic boarding school.

The transition from tube feeding to oral feeding algorithm in preterm infants: case-control study

BackgroundOral feeding is a complex sensorimotor process influenced by many variables, making it challenging for healthcare providers to introduce and manage it. Feeding practice guided by tradition or a trial-and-error approach may be inconsistent and potentially delay the progression of oral feeding skills.AimTo apply a new feeding approach that assesses early oral feeding independence skills of preterm infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). To prove its effectiveness, compare two approaches of oral feeding progression based on clinical outcomes in preterm infants, the traditional approach used in the NICU of Mansoura University Children Hospital (MUCH) versus the newly applied approach.MethodsA quasi-experimental, exploratory, and analytical design was employed using two groups, control and intervention groups, with 40 infants for the first group and 41 infants for the second one. The first group (the control) was done first and included observation of the standard practice in the NICU of MUCH for preterm oral feeding, in which oral feeding was dependent on post-menstrual age (PMA) and weight for four months. The second group (the intervention) included early progression to oral feeding depending on early assessment of Oral Feeding Skills (OFS) and early supportive intervention and/or feeding therapy if needed using the newly developed scoring system, the Mansoura Early Feeding Skills Assessment “MEFSA” for the other four months. Infants in both groups were studied from the day of admission till discharge.ResultsIn addition to age and weight criteria, other indicators for oral feeding readiness and oral motor skills were respected, such as oral feeding readiness cues, feeding practice, feeding maintenance, and feeding techniques. By following this approach, preterm infants achieved earlier start oral feeding (SOF) and full oral feeding (FOF) and were discharged with shorter periods of tube feeding. Infants gained weight without increasing their workload to the NICU team.ConclusionThe newly applied approach proved to be a successful bedside scoring system scale for assessing preterm infants’ early oral feeding independence skills in the NICU. It offers an early individualized experience of oral feeding without clinical complications.

Exploring disruption through the lens of an adapted Five Senses Framework

This quasi-experimental research design surveyed 688 students through a self-administered online survey to specifically explore relations between student self-assessed capabilities (Lizzio Five Senses, 2006), overall program satisfaction, withdrawal behaviours, demographics and year of study in their university courses during an emergency COVID-19 lockdown experience. Importantly, this research offers a more nuanced view of the Five Senses and confirms their importance as a university strategy for student success. These findings offer further granularity into the complex set of relations that impact decisions around satisfaction, persistence, and capability in higher education and support previous research by Lizzio and Wilson (2008) indicating students’ perceptions of purpose is the strongest predictor of satisfaction, lower anxiety and lower course withdrawal. Ultimately, the paper suggests as higher education looks towards future possible disruptions due to climate, health or political realities, equipping and fostering a strong sense of purpose, connectedness, and resourcefulness as well as sense of capability and academic culture will buffer and support students to persevere. In addition, this research suggests that those students who may have weak associations with these senses merit additional attention.

Study on the intervention effect of HCH integrated SMG health management model on community high-risk group of cardiovascular disease

ObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the integration of the Hospital-Community-Home (HCH) model with the Self-Mutual-Group (SMG) health management model for high-risk populations with cardiovascular disease in the Yuhua community of Shijiazhuang city. The study focused on implementing care interventions (HCH, SMG) with a specific emphasis on SMG to promote beneficial views/behaviors, enhance self-efficacy/agency, and address detrimental determinants of health, ultimately leading to durable changes and healthier lifestyles. Comparing the HCH model with the combined SMG model helps to comprehensively assess the strengths and weaknesses of different health management approaches. This comparison contributes to theoretical innovation and practical development in the field of health management, as well as improving patients' health outcomes and quality of life.MethodsThis study employed a quasi-experimental design. Using stratified sampling, individuals who underwent health examinations in Community A and Community B from Shijiazhuang city between May 2023 and August 2023 were randomly selected. After informing the participants about the study and obtaining informed consent via telephone, high-risk patients with cardiovascular disease were screened based on their medical examination reports. Data on lifestyle behaviors, self-efficacy, medical responses, quality of life, and readmission rates were collected and compared before and after the intervention.ResultsA total of 526 eligible participants were included, with 241 in the control group and 285 in the study group. After the intervention, there was no significant change in the proportions of smokers, alcohol consumers, and individuals engaging in leisure exercises in the control group. However, in the study group, the proportions of smokers and alcohol consumers significantly decreased, while the proportion of individuals engaging in leisure exercises significantly increased. After the intervention, both the study group and the control group showed significant increases in scores on the General Self-Efficacy Scale—Schwarzer (GSES) and the Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ), with the study group scoring significantly higher than the control group. Avoidance and surrender scores significantly increased after the intervention, with the study group scoring significantly lower than the control group. Confrontation scores significantly increased after the intervention, with the study group scoring significantly higher than the control group. During the follow-up period, the study group had a significantly lower readmission rate than the control group.ConclusionThe integration of HCH with SMG health management model can significantly improve lifestyle behaviors, optimize medical responses, enhance self-efficacy and quality of life, and significantly reduce readmission rates among high-risk populations with cardiovascular disease.

Fostering Decision-Making and Ethics: Problem-Based Learning for Female Tertiary Learners in Israel

&lt;p style="text-align:justify"&gt;This study aimed to evaluate the impact of problem-based learning (PBL) within a teaching unit on the advancement of ethical reasoning and decision-making skills among Israeli female tertiary students. Employing a quasi-experimental design, 48 female students were distributed into three groups, with two serving as control groups receiving conventional curriculum-based instruction and one as an experimental group exposed to the PBL methodology. Both before and after implementation, all groups underwent assessments using a decision-making competency test and an ethical reasoning scale. The results unequivocally demonstrated the significant enhancement of decision-making abilities and ethical thinking through the implementation of the PBL strategy. Comparative analysis revealed substantial improvements in the experimental group compared to the control groups, emphasizing the efficacy of PBL in fostering comprehensive skill development. Furthermore, a positive correlation between ethical thinking and decision-making skills further reinforces the beneficial outcomes associated with PBL. These findings advocate for the widespread integration of PBL techniques across various academic disciplines.&lt;/p&gt;

Impact of a Switch From Ciprofloxacin to Ceftriaxone Prophylaxis on Infectious Complications After Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Biopsy of the Prostate.

In a 12-year single-center quasi-experimental study, a switch from ciprofloxacin to ceftriaxone prophylaxis for transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy procedures was associated with a significant reduction in 30-day postprocedure urinary tract infection, urinary tract infection-related hospitalizations, antibiotic prescriptions, and isolation of fluoroquinolone-resistant organisms from urine or blood cultures.

The Effect of Mathematics Teaching with Mobile Augmented Reality Technology on Secondary School Students’ Attitudes and Academic Achievements

Nowadays, the prevalence of augmented reality technology is increasing day by day, along with the benefits it provides in many fields from shopping to education, from medicine to the automotive sector. This technology, which allows the real environment to interact with the virtual environment, has been used in many studies in the literature. In this research, the seventh-grade mathematics course, which was processed with augmented reality applications, was conducted. The effects of classroom students’ academic achievements, attitudes toward mathematics lessons, and augmented reality applications were examined. For this purpose, a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test, and post-test control group was used. The research was conducted with a total of 60 students, including 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group. A total of 10 lesson hours were applied, including 5 hours per week. Among the quantitative data collection tools, achievement tests, mathematics attitude scales, and augmented reality applications attitude scales were used in the research. As a result of the research, it was found that the course conducted with augmented reality application has a positive effect on the academic achievements of students. However, it was found that there was no significant difference in their attitudes towards mathematics courses. The written opinions received from the students show that the students find the lesson more entertaining and want to use it in other lessons as well.

Reducing patients’ rate of frequent attendance through a training intervention for physicians

BackgroundFrequent attendance is a common issue for primary care health centres. The phenomenon affects the quality of care, increases doctors’ workloads and can lead to burnout.This study presents the results of an educational intervention for primary care physicians, aimed at helping them to decrease the prevalence rate of excessive attendance by patients at their centres.MethodsA training programme was carried out for 11 primary care doctors in Barcelona who had patient lists totalling 20,064 patients. The goal of the training was to provide the participating physicians with techniques to curb frequent attendance. Additionally, the programme sought to offer them strategies to prevent professional burnout and tools to better organize their everyday medical practice. The study used a quasi-experimental design for an evaluation of an educational intervention, featuring a pre-test assessment (before the training programme) and a post-test assessment (after the training programme), as well as comparison with a control group that did not undergo the training. The study assessed the effects of the programme on the rates of frequent attendance of patients served by the participating physicians. These rates were compared with those registered by the patients seen by the control group physicians over the same period.ResultsAmong the group of physicians who received the training, the mean prevalence of patients who qualified as frequent attenders decreased from 22% prior to the training programme to 8% after completion of the programme. In other words, 14% of patients (2,809) limited the frequency of their visits to primary care physicians after their physicians had completed the training programme. Meanwhile, the study recorded an average decrease of 3.1 visits per year by the patients of the physicians who had undergone the training. Statistically significant differences between this group and the control group were observed.ConclusionsThe educational intervention proved effective at helping primary care physicians to decrease their patients’ rates of frequent attendance. It also contributes to the impact research of continuing education on doctors and their patients. We need to increase primary care spending from the current 14% to the 25%, to address this problem, among others.

Benefits of a family-based care transition program for older adults after hip fracture surgery

BackgroundHip fracture (HF) in older adults is strongly associated with a greater decline in their activities of daily living (ADLs) and health-related (HRQoL). The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of a family-based care transition program (FBCTP) on ADLs, HRQoL and social support in this age group after HF surgery.MethodsA quasi-experimental design was conducted on 100 older adults who had undergone HFS and were selected by convenience sampling and allocated to the IG (n = 50) and the CG (n = 50). Data were collected utilizing the Barthel Index, the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. The FBCTP was delivered in-hospital education sessions, home visit, and a follow-up and telephone counselling session. The data were collected at three stages, including the baseline, four weeks after discharge, and eight weeks later. The level of statistical significance was set at 0.05.ResultsThe results of the study indicated that the effects of time and group on the increase in ADLs were 15.2 and 36.69 (p < 0.000), respectively, following the completion of the FBCTP. Furthermore, time and group were found to have a positive effect on HRQoL, with an increase of 2.82 and 5.60 units, respectively (p < 0.000). In this context, time and group also interacted in the IG compared to the CG, with scores increasing by 1.86 units over time (p < 0.000). Although the study results indicated that social support improved by 1.98 units over time (p < 0.000), the effects of group alone and the time × group interaction were not statistically significant. This indicates that the program was not effective in accelerating social support.ConclusionConsequently, nurses, policymakers, and planners engaged in geriatric healthcare may utilize these results to enhance the health status of this age group following HFS.

Problem-based Learning (PBL) Using Resource Mining as a Teaching Approach: An Action Research

Problem-Based Learning (PBL) is a teaching approach wherein learners are immersed in different issues to create real-life solutions. This approach is widely used to increase learners’ academic performance and promote positive behavioral change. Following the positive impacts of this approach, this study was conducted to uncover the possibility of merging PBL with secondary resources (articles, videos, recorded lectures) to create an innovative teaching approach responsive to the call for ICT integration in 21st-century education in teaching scientific concepts. A quasi-experimental research design was used in this study with a total of 240 Grade 7 participants (six sections). The selection of this target group is based on the PISA 2022 result wherein the Philippines have attained a very low performance in the scientific literacy component. Following this, a pretest was administered to each volunteered participant, and groupings were assigned based on the mean score of their result (control and experimental). Analysis shows no statistically significant difference in the targeted group’s pre-test performance, confirming that all groups have the same knowledge on the topic (atmospheric phenomena). The developed approach was implemented in the experimental group, and the control group was immersed in the traditional way of teaching. Data shows that the overall post-test performance of the experimental group is fairly satisfactory (%=79.73), while the control group’s performance did not meet the expectation (%=60.13). Analysis further revealed a statistically significant difference between the experimental and control groups. Moreover, when analyzed by Hake’s gain method, the experimental group achieved a medium gain performance while the control have achieved a low gain performance. The findings of this study imply that merging PBL with secondary resources can increase learners’ performance on atmospheric phenomena topics. Thus, this study suggests to use PBL with secondary resources in teaching environmental-related concepts to increase learners’ knowledge and awareness.

A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Bronchial Hygiene Therapy (BHT) on Clinical Parameters among Mechanically Ventilated Patients in Selected Hospitals at Erode

Background: Bronchial hygiene therapy has the potential to improve cystic fibrosis and bronchiectasis. Neuromuscular degenerative disorders (such as ALS and muscular dystrophy), postoperative complications (such as pneumonia), respiratory disorders (such as asthma and chronic bronchitis), cerebral palsy, and mechanical ventilation are among the over a hundred conditions linked to impaired airway clearance Mechanically ventilated patients also have changes in the vital parameters due to the construction of arteries, but this subtly depends on the condition of the patients.  Materials and Methods: Quasi-experimental approach design was used. A study was conducted with 30 patients with mechanically ventilated.15 patients were experimental group and 15 patients with control groups. Assessment tool were used clinical parameters observational scale.  Results: From the finding of the study, it can be concluded that to compare the efficacy of the control and experimental groups, as measured by post test score on clinical parameters, an unpaired t-test was computed. Compared to the table value of 2.05, the unpaired t-test total score of 4.53 was high. Clinical indicators among mechanically ventilated patients showed that bronchial hygiene treatment was more successful than control group.  Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that the highest percentage of patients were in age group of 20 to 30 years. Most of them were females, mode of ventilation were SIMV. Highly significant effectiveness was found between pretest and posttest score. Therefore, Bronchial hygiene therapy was used as an effective method to improve the patient among mechanically ventilated patients.

Designing and evaluating ONCologic EMergencies escape room game for undergraduate nursing students: The ONCEM quasi-experimental pilot study

Designing and evaluating ONCologic EMergencies escape room game for undergraduate nursing students: The ONCEM quasi-experimental pilot study